2026届高考考前最后一卷：英语（全国一卷01）（解析版）

1/242026年高考考前最后一卷（全国一卷）高三英语·全解全析（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束前，你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1．Whatistheweatherlikenow?A．Rainy. B．Sunny. C．Snowy.【答案】B【原文】W:Ihatedrivinginwinter.Evenonbrightdayslikethis,thesunissolowintheskythatitalmostblindsyou.M:Theweatherismuchbettertoday.Ihadtodriveuptomymother’slastweekendinthatheavysnow!Still,atleasttherehasn’tbeenanyiceontheroadssofar.2．Whatisthewomanconcernedabout?A．Jim’ssuitwasruined.B．Jim’slaptopcouldbedamaged.C．Thetableneededcleaning.【答案】B【原文】W:Jimreallyneedstobemorecareful.M:Yes,hegotcoffeealloverhisnewsuitandthetable.W:Ihopethepowersupplyofhislaptopisdisconnectedquicklyenough.3．Whydoesthemanapologize?A．Forfallingbehind. B．Forjumpingtheline. C．Forkeepingthewomanwaiting.【答案】B【原文】W:Excuseme,butwouldyoumindwaitingyourturnattheendoftheline?M:Sorry!Myfault.I’llgotoqueueuprightnow.4．Howmuchdidthemanpayfortherepairoftheirhouse?A．$250. B．$500. C．$1,000.【答案】C【原文】W:Howmuchdidwepayfortherepairofthehouse?M:Ihadthoughtthatitwouldcostusaround$500,butitactuallycosttwiceasmuch.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Aweatherforecast. B．Aweekendtrip. C．Aradioprogram.【答案】B【原文】M:Iheardontheradiothatit’llbesunnyduringtheweekend.MaybewecantakeatriptoBoston.W:Thatsoundsgreat.I’llcallJanetoseeifshelikestojoinus.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatmightthemanbe?A．Apublisher. B．Awriter. C．Aneditor.7．Whatisthewomandoing?A．Cheeringthemanup. B．Doinganinterview. C．Recommendingabook.【答案】6．B7．A【原文】M:Isentmynewbooktothepublisherlastweek,butIhaven’theardawordbackyet.W:Hmm,isthatapromisingsignoraworryingone?M:Honestly,I’mnotquitesure.Probablythelatter.I’mreallyonedgeaboutthis.Whatiftheydespiseit?W:Comeon,stayoptimistic.You’vemanagedtowritethreebooks!Mostpeoplecan’tevenfinishone.That’snosmallfeat.M:You’reabsolutelyright.Ishouldfocusonthepositiveaspects.W:Exactly!Hey,whydon’twestepawayfromallthisforabitanddosomethingenjoyabletogetthisoffyourmind?M:Thatsoundsgood.Whatdoyouhaveinmind?W:Howaboutweheadtothecinema?There’sthatnewcomedyout,supposedtobeamazing.Mighthelploosenyouup.M:Perfect.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whydoesthewomanwanttocancelthevisit?A．Sheisstuckinatrafficjam. B．Shehasdifficultygettingthere. C．She’llattendthemarathon.9．Whatisthecancellationpolicyofthemuseum?A．Mostcancellationsarefreeofcharge.B．Partialmoneybackforexhibitcancellation.C．Fullmoneybackiftheexhibitiscancelled.10．Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodoatlast?A．Reschedulethevisit. B．Attendanotherevent. C．Getamembershipcard.【答案】8．B9．C10．C【原文】W:Hello.IpurchasedticketsonlineforyourexhibitthisSaturday,butthemarathonheldinthecitycenterwillcausetransportationdifficulties.Itwillbehardformetogettothemuseum.HowcanIcancelthevisitandgetmymoneyback?M:Accordingtothemuseum’spolicy,ifyourtravelplanschange,youmaycancelyourvisitonourbookingsystemandgetyourentrancefeeback.Butacancellationfeewillbechargedinmostcases,unlessyouareexperiencingasignificantschedulechangeoranexhibitioncancellation.W:CouldIchangethetickets?M:Yes,youcandothatontheofficialwebsite.Actually,ifyouplantovisitmoretimesinthenearfuture,amembership,especiallytheVIPcard,wouldbringbigcostsavingforyou.W:Oh,Ihavetoomanyfinancialburdensatthemoment.MaybeinthefutureI’llconsiderit.Thanksforyoursuggestionthough.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatmaycauseonlinesafetyproblems?A．Systemfailure. B．Passwordinsecurity. C．Informationbias.12．Whatshouldonedofirstforonlinesecurity?A．Useofficialwebsites.B．Installantivirussoftware.C．Addextrapasswordprotection.13．Whoistheconversationintendedfor?A．Onlineusers. B．Securityofficers. C．Messagesenders.【答案】11．B12．C13．A【原文】W:Goodmorning,David.Thankyouforjoiningus.Tobegin,whatdoyouthinkisthemostcommonmistakepeoplemakewiththeironlinesafety?M:Themostcommonmistakeisusingsimple,repeatedpasswords.W:That’sanimportantpoint.So,whatshouldeveryonedofirsttoimprovetheirpersonalonlinesecurity?M:Theveryfirststepistoturnontwo-stepconfirmation.Thisaddsanextralayerofprotectionbesidesjustapassword.W:Finally,whatisyourmostimportantadvice?M:Stayalertandcautious.Double-checkanyunexpectedmessagesorrequests,eveniftheyseemtocomefromsomeoneyouknow.W:Thankyousomuchforsharingthesehelpfulinsights,David.M:You’rewelcome.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Whatdoesthegirlwanttoworkasthissummer?A．Avolunteer. B．Anurse. C．Adoctor.15．WhohadmedicalexaminationsfromJuly15toJuly31lastyear?A．Thechildrenunder5. B．Theadultsover30. C．Theelderlyover55.16．Whatdoesthegirlsayaboutthework?A．Everyonehastoarriveearly.B．Everyonehastobealwayspolite.C．Nonehasmuchtimetorest.17．Whatdoesthegirladvisetheboytowear?A．Comfortableshoes. B．Lightclothes. C．Loosetrousers.【答案】14．A15．C16．C17．A【原文】W:What’syourplanforthesummerholiday?M:Nothingmuch.Doyouhaveanyideas?W:Lastsummer,Ihadavaluableexperienceworkingasavolunteerinthecommunityhospital.ThisyearI’dliketocontinue.Doyouwanttogowithme?M:Soundsgood.Howlongdidyouworkthere?W:Well,fromJuly15toJuly31,whentheelderlyover55weregivenfreemedicalexaminations.M:Whatdidyoudothere?W:EverydayIarrivedearlyandorganizedthepeoplewhocameover.ThenIwouldhelpthemfillintheform.Leadingthemtothedifferentdepartmentswasalsooneofmyduties.M:IthinkI’mcapableofthose.W:Soundseasy,butbythetimetheirexaminationswereover,Iwasalreadybathinginsweat.Everyonethereworkedinatightschedule.M:Tiringthoughitwas,wecouldbenefitalotfromtheexperience.W:Iagreewithyou.So...M:I’dliketogowithyou.WhatshouldIpayattentionto?W:Youshouldbepatient.Oh,right.Youshouldwearapairofcomfortableshoes,foryouhavetostandforalongtime.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Whoisprobablythespeaker?A．Adoctor. B．Ateacher. C．Astudent.19．Whatcauseslong-termtirednessinteensaccordingtothespeaker?A．Theconflictbetweenbodyclocksandsocialdemands.B．Anaddictiontoscreensandsocialmedia.C．Apreferencefordrinkingenergydrinks.20．Whatdoesthespeakertellusintheend?A．Howstressaffectssleepquality.B．Whyteenshavetroublewakingupearly.C．Howtoarrangetimeproperlybeforebedtime.【答案】18．B19．A20．C【原文】

W:Goodmorning,everyone.It’stimeforourweeklyhealthclass.Howmanyofyoufeeltiredallthetime?Raiseyourhands,please.Wow,therearealotofhands!Doctorsrecommendthatteensgetatleast8-10hoursofsleepeachnight.However,inpractice,manyteensstruggletomakeit.Thisisoftenduetoaconflictbetweennatureandmodernlife.Duringourteenageyears,ourbodyclockstendtomoveforward.Thisnaturalchangemakesuswanttogotosleepandwakeupmuchlater.However,associetyusuallydemandswegetupearly,thekeyisfindingawaytofallasleepearlier.Lateroninthelesson,we’llbetalkingabouthowstressandscreenaddictioncanalsoimpactoursleep.Butfirst,we’regoingtostudythe10-3-2-1sleeprule.Thismeansthattenhoursbeforebed,youstopdrinkingtea,coffee,andotherenergydrinks.Yourlastmealofthedayshouldbeatleastthreehoursbeforebed.Homeworkandotherworkshouldbecompletedatleasttwohoursbeforebed.Onehourbeforebed,youshutoffallscreens.Thesetipswillhelpreadyyourbodyforsleep,andhelpyoudropofftosleepmuchmorequickly.第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（创新题）ExpeditionEntomology(昆虫学)isachanceforyoutojoinourresearchandconservationinitiativeswhereyou’llgathersamples,documentbehavior,anddiscoverspecieswhilehiking,swimming,climbing,digging,andcampinginsomeofthemostremoteandbiodiverseplacesonEarth.You’llgainculturalinsightanddevelopunforgettablebondswiththeresearchersandfellowparticipants.Everyexpedition(探险)generatesessentialinsectbiodiversityinformationfromawidevarietyofecosystems.supportingglobalconservationplansandcreatingmuch-needed,long-termenvironmentaldatasets.Doyouhavearesearchorconservationprojectyou’dliketogetstarted?Doyouhavealistofinsectsyouwanttoexperienceinthewild?Contactusandwecanmakeallthetravelarrangements,permitapplications,officialinquiries,insurance,etc.—wetakecareoftheboringstuffsoyoudon’thaveto!Justletusknowyourbug(虫子)dreamsandwe’llmakeithappenwithinyourbudget!21．WhoisExpeditionEntomologymostsuitablefor?A．Astudentmajoringinhistory.B．Ateenagercrazyaboutteamsports.C．Anentomologistseekingfinancialaid.D．Atravelerinterestedinnatureconservation.22．Whatdothetwoexpeditionshaveincommon?A．Theylasttendays.B．Theyareopentochildren.C．Theyarefreeforsingles.D．Theyofferplatformcampsites.23．WhatservicecanExpeditionEntomologyoffer?A．Guidanceonbudgetcuts.B．Helpwithofficialprocedures.C．Careforyoungparticipants.D．Traininginacademicresearch.【答案】21．D22．A23．B【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍昆虫学探险项目内容、意义及服务。21．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ExpeditionEntomology(昆虫学)isachanceforyoutojoinourresearchandconservationinitiativeswhereyou’llgathersamples,documentbehavior,anddiscoverspecieswhilehiking,swimming,climbing,digging,andcampinginsomeofthemostremoteandbiodiverseplacesonEarth.(昆虫学探险是一个让你加入我们的研究和保护项目的机会，你将在地球上一些最偏远、生物多样性最丰富的地方徒步、游泳、攀爬、挖掘和露营，同时收集样本、记录行为并发现物种。)”可知，该项目最适合对自然保护感兴趣的旅行者。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据第一个图片巴拿马探险的日期“June5th-14th,2026(2026年6月5日至14日)”可知，时长为10天；第二个图片泰国探险的日期“September18th-27th,2026(2026年9月18日至27日)”可知，时长也为10天，两项探险的共同点是持续10天。故选A。23．细节理解题。根据最后一中段“Contactusandwecanmakeallthetravelarrangements,permitapplications,officialinquiries,insurance,etc.—wetakecareoftheboringstuffsoyoudon’thaveto!(联系我们，我们可以安排所有的旅行行程、许可证申请、官方咨询、保险等——我们来处理这些繁琐的事务，你无需操心！)”可知，该项目可提供官方手续的协助服务。故选B。BAfterlosingherjob,Andreafoundherselfreturningtotheonethingthathadalwaysofferedcomfort:painting.Withsteadyencouragementfromherhusband,shegotintopaintingfull-time,transformingherpassionintoameaningfulwaytosupportherfamily—onebrushstrokeatatime.Andrea’screativerootsstretchbacktochildhood.SheremembersbeingfascinatedbyclassicslikeTheJoyofPaintingwithBobRoss,wheregentlelandscapesunfoldedinrealtime.Combinedwiththeinfluenceofimpressionistandsurrealistmasters,theseearlyinspirationsopenedhereyestothepossibilitiesofcolor,form,andmood.Guidedbydedicatedandincrediblysupportiveartteachers,Andreafellforoilpaint.Today,sheviewseachcanvas(画布)asaninvitation—topushherself,tokeeplearning,andtorefinethesignaturestylehercollectorshavecometolove.Seeingthejoyherworkbringstoothersfuelsherpassionandmakeshereffortsworthwhile.Socialplatformshavehelpedherfindcommunity,connection,andabroaderaudiencethatresonates(共鸣)withhernature-drivenaesthetic(审美).ForAndrea,thecreatingprocessisasimportantasthefinishedpiece.Sheemphasizeshowimportantitis“tonotgettoocomfortable”whencreating,andtochallengeyourself,forcingadeeperdiveintoyourownthoughtprocesses.It’sthissenseofpersonalevolutionthatgiveseachpaintingitsemotionalresonance.Andrea’scareercontinuestodevelop.Shelaunchedherwebsiterecently,andshewillpresentanexhibitionnextspringattheHollandAreaArtsCouncilintheJaneArmstrongGallery.Withcharacteristicoptimism,shesays,“Thebestisyettocome.”Forhomeownersseekingartworksthatbringpeace,genuineness,andatouchofMichigan’snaturalbeautyindoors,AndreaRichiscertainlyanartisttoturnto.24．WhatmadeAndreafallinlovewithoilpaint?A．Supportofherhusband. B．Guidancefromherinstructors.C．Influenceofvariousartists. D．Inspirationfromclassicworks.25．WhatmattersmosttoAndreaincreation?A．Pushinghercapabilities. B．Experimentingwithcolors.C．Developingauniquestyle. D．Appealingtomoreaudiences.26．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAndrea’scareer?A．Prosperous. B．Traditional. C．Competitive. D．Independent.27．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tosharepassionforart. B．Toadvertisefineartworks.C．Torecommendanartist. D．Tomotivateartenthusiasts.【答案】24．B25．A26．A27．C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要说明了失业后Andrea在丈夫支持下专职绘画，受老师指导爱上油画。她不断突破自我，事业稳步发展，是值得推荐的优秀艺术家。24．细节理解题。根据第三段“Guidedbydedicatedandincrediblysupportiveartteachers,Andreafellforoilpaint.(在敬业且全力支持她的美术老师的引导下，安德里亚爱上了油画)”可知，其导师的指导让安德烈亚爱上了油画。故选B。25．细节理解题。根据第四段“Sheemphasizeshowimportantitis“tonotgettoocomfortable”whencreating,andtochallengeyourself,forcingadeeperdiveintoyourownthoughtprocesses.(她强调，在创作过程中“切勿过于安于现状”，并且要勇于挑战自我，深入探究自己的思维过程)”可知，对于安德里亚来说，在创作过程中最重要的是突破自我。故选A。26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Andrea’scareercontinuestodevelop.Shelaunchedherwebsiterecently,andshewillpresentanexhibitionnextspringattheHollandAreaArtsCouncilintheJaneArmstrongGallery.(安德烈娅的事业仍在不断发展。她最近推出了自己的网站，并且将于明年春天在荷兰地区艺术协会的简·阿姆斯特朗画廊举办一场展览)”可知，安德里亚的职业生涯是成功辉煌的。故选A。27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Forhomeownersseekingartworksthatbringpeace,genuineness,andatouchofMichigan’snaturalbeautyindoors,AndreaRichiscertainlyanartisttoturnto.(对于那些希望在家中也能拥有能带来宁静、真实感以及些许密歇根自然风光的艺术品的房主来说，安德里亚·里奇无疑是一位值得信赖的艺术家)”结合文章主要说明了失业后Andrea在家人支持下专职绘画，受老师指导爱上油画。她不断突破自我，事业稳步发展，是值得推荐的优秀艺术家。可知，作者撰写这篇文章的目的是推荐一位艺术家。故选C。C（新情境）ThegrammarschoolboyfromStratford-Upon-AvonhasmadeheadlinesagainafteragroundbreakingstudyshowedthatShakespearedoesbenefitchildren’sliteracyandemotionaldevelopment,butonlyiftheycanacthimout.Thestudyfoundthatadrama-basedapproachtoteachingShakespearebroadenedchildren’svocabulary,improvedthequalityoftheirwriting,andenhancedtheiremotionalunderstanding.“Thewayactorsworkmakesabigdifferencetohowchildrenuselanguageandhowtheythinkaboutthemselves,”saidJacquiO’Hanlon,leadresearcherofthestudy.TherandomtrialinvolvedhundredsofYear5pupils(agednineandten)at45stateprimaryschools.Thechildrenweredividedintoatargetgroupandacontrolgroup.BothgroupsreadapassagefromRomeoandJulietandwereaskedtowritealetterasRomeoafterbeingseparatedfromJuliet.Beforewriting,thetargetgrouptookpartina30-minutedrama-basedactivity,whilethecontrolgroupdidnot.Itwasshownthatpupilsinthetargetgroupdrewonawidervocabulary,usedmorecomplicatedorrarerwords,andwroteatgreaterlength.Theyalsoappearedmorecomfortablewritinginrole.Whilepupilsinthecontrolgroupimaginedhowtheythemselveswouldreacttobeingseparatedfromalovedone,childreninthetargetgroupputthemselvesinRomeo’sshoesandexpressedthatcharacter’semotion.O’Hanlonsaidshehadbeenmostsurprisedbytheemotionalunderstandingevidentinthechildren’swriting,andthattheyshoweddeeperempathyandexpressedemotionsmorevividly.“Itisprobablyrelatedtothedrama-basedprocess,whereyouareusedtotryingtothinkandfeelasthecharacter,”sheadded.Butcouldtheresultsbereproducedwithanyolddramatists?O’HanlonsaidmoreresearchwouldbeneededbutsuggestedthatShakespeare’suseof20,000words,comparedwiththeeveryday2,000words,gaveamassiveexpansionoflanguageintochildren’slives,whichwascombinedwithchildrenusingtheirwholebodiestobringwordstolife.28．Whatdoesthestudyencouragechildrentodo?A．PerformShakespeare’sworks. B．Writetheirownoriginalplays.C．LearnShakespeare’slinesbyheart. D．Watchprofessionalactingonstage.29．Whichaspectofthestudydoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Itsprocedure. B．Itsbackground.C．Itspurpose. D．Itssignificance.30．WhatimpressedO’Hanlonmostaboutthetargetgroup’swriting?A．Passagefluency. B．Emotionaldepth.C．Wordcomplexity. D．Plotimagination.31．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Practicemakesperfect. B．Learningbydoingworksbest.C．Readingmakesafullman. D．Wordsarethevoiceofthemind.【答案】28．A29．A30．B31．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究表明，通过戏剧方式教授莎士比亚作品能提升孩子的读写能力和情感理解力。28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ThegrammarschoolboyfromStratford-Upon-AvonhasmadeheadlinesagainafteragroundbreakingstudyshowedthatShakespearedoesbenefitchildren’sliteracyandemotionaldevelopment,butonlyiftheycanacthimout.(这位来自埃文河畔斯特拉特福德的文法学校男生再次成为头条新闻，此前一项突破性的研究表明，莎士比亚确实有益于儿童的读写能力和情感发展，但前提是他们能把他演出来)”以及第二段中“Thestudyfoundthatadrama-basedapproachtoteachingShakespearebroadenedchildren’svocabulary,improvedthequalityoftheirwriting,andenhancedtheiremotionalunderstanding.(研究发现，以戏剧为基础的莎士比亚教学方法拓宽了孩子们的词汇量，提高了他们的写作质量，增强了他们的情感理解力)”可知，这项研究鼓励孩子们表演莎士比亚的作品。故选A。29．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“TherandomtrialinvolvedhundredsofYear5pupils(agednineandten)at45stateprimaryschools.Thechildrenweredividedintoatargetgroupandacontrolgroup.BothgroupsreadapassagefromRomeoandJulietandwereaskedtowritealetterasRomeoafterbeingseparatedfromJuliet.Beforewriting,thetargetgrouptookpartina30-minutedrama-basedactivity,whilethecontrolgroupdidnot.(这项随机试验涉及45所公立小学的数百名五年级学生（9岁和10岁）。孩子们被分为目标组和对照组。两组都阅读了《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的一段，并被要求以罗密欧的身份写一封信，讲述与朱丽叶分离后的感受。在写作之前，目标组参加了一个30分钟的以戏剧为基础的活动，而对照组没有)”可知，本段介绍了研究的参与对象、分组方式与具体实验步骤，即介绍了研究的过程。故选A。30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“O’Hanlonsaidshehadbeenmostsurprisedbytheemotionalunderstandingevidentinthechildren’swriting,andthattheyshoweddeeperempathyandexpressedemotionsmorevividly.(O’Hanlon说，最让她惊讶的是孩子们写作中表现出的情感理解力，他们表现出更深的同理心，更生动地表达情感)”可知，O’Hanlon对目标组写作印象最深刻的是情感深度。故选B。31．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thestudyfoundthatadrama-basedapproachtoteachingShakespearebroadenedchildren’svocabulary,improvedthequalityoftheirwriting,andenhancedtheiremotionalunderstanding.(研究发现，以戏剧为基础的莎士比亚教学方法拓宽了孩子们的词汇量，提高了他们的写作质量，增强了他们的情感理解力)”以及倒数第二段中““Itisprobablyrelatedtothedrama-basedprocess,whereyouareusedtotryingtothinkandfeelasthecharacter,”sheadded.(她补充道：“这可能与基于戏剧的过程有关，在这个过程中，你习惯于像角色一样思考和感受。”)”可推知，通过戏剧表演实践学习莎士比亚效果显著，体现“在实践中学习效果最佳”。故选B。D（新素材）IntheearlyhoursofMarch13,1964,KittyGenovesewasattackedviolentlynearherNewYorkapartmentdespiteneighborshearingherscreams.ThecasemadeheadlinesinTheNewYorkTimes,whichreportedthat38witnessesheardtheattackbuttooknoaction.Tofigureoutthereason,socialpsychologistsJohnDarleyandBibbLatanéconductedtwoclassicexperiments.Theirfirstexperimentshowedthatthemorebystanderstherewere,themoreanindividual’ssenseofresponsibilitydiffused—85%ofparticipantshelpedinaone-on-onesituation,whileonly31%didsoinagroupofsix.Intheirsecondsmokeexperiment,75%ofpeoplealonesoughthelpwhensmokefilledtheroom,butjust10%didsowithpassivebystandersaround.Theypointedoutthatthebystandereffectmainlyspringsfrompeople’sfailuretointerpretasituationasanemergencyduetoothers’inaction.Thesecondreasonforthebystandereffectisthatwhenmultiplebystandersarepresent,eachpersonfeelslesspersonalcommitmenttoact,astheyassumeothers(especiallythosewithprofessionalskillslikedoctorsorpolice)willintervene.Thisphenomenonismorecommoninurbanareaswithmanystrangers,unlikeinsmallcommunitieswherepeoplefeelaclearsenseofresponsibilitytohelpotherstheyknow.RecentresearchhascastdoubtontheuniversalityofDarleyandLatané’sclassicbystandereffecttheory.Usingreal-worldCCTVfootagefromthreepairsofculturallydiversecities—Lancaster,Amsterdam,andCapeTown—Dr,RichardPhilpotofLancasterUniversityandhisteamanalyzed212violentincidents.Theirfindingsshowedthatbystandersintervenedin91%ofcases,andindirectcontradictiontotheoriginaltheory,thepresenceofmorebystandersactuallyincreasedthelikelihoodofintervention,withmultiplepeopleoftensteppingintogether.Theconsistenttypesofinterventionacrossdifferentcitiessuggestwearebornwiththewishtohelpothers,drivenbysocialconventionsandadesiretounderstand,protect,andassistothers.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diffused”‘inparagraph2mean?A．Weakened. B．Shifted. C．Continued. D．Increased.33．Thebystandereffectoccursprimarilybecausepeople_________.A．areunwillingtohelpstrangersB．areinfluencedbyurbanizationC．arediscouragedbyprofessionalsD．areunabletorecognizeanemergency34．WhichstatementdoesPhilpotprobablyagreewith?A．Protectingothersshouldbeadvocated.B．Bystanderresponsesrelyoninterventiontypes.C．Thetendencytohelpisrootedinhumannature.D．Culturaldifferencesleadtothebystandereffect.35．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheColdShoulder B．TheBlindEyeC．AWillingHeart D．AStillTongue【答案】32．A33．D34．C35．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍旁观者效应的经典理论与实验，以及最新研究对该理论的反驳，探讨人们面对突发事件时的旁观现象。32．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Theirfirstexperimentshowedthatthemorebystanderstherewere,themoreanindividual’ssenseofresponsibilitydiffused—85%ofparticipantshelpedinaone-on-onesituation,whileonly31%didsoinagroupofsix.(他们的第一个实验表明，旁观者越多，个人的责任感就越分散diffused——一对一情境下有85%的参与者会提供帮助，而六人小组中仅有31%的人会这样做。)”可知，旁观者数量增加，个人责任感随之降低，因此diffused意为“减弱、削弱”，与A项“Weakened”意思一致。故选A项。33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theypointedoutthatthebystandereffectmainlyspringsfrompeople’sfailuretointerpretasituationasanemergencyduetoothers’inaction.(他们指出，旁观者效应主要源于人们因他人的不作为而无法将当下情况判定为紧急事件。)”可知，旁观者效应出现的主要原因是人们无法识别出紧急情况。故选D项。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Theconsistenttypesofinterventionacrossdifferentcitiessuggestwearebornwiththewishtohelpothers,drivenbysocialconventionsandadesiretounderstand,protect,andassistothers.(不同城市中一致的干预行为表明，我们天生就拥有帮助他人的意愿，这受社会习俗以及理解、保护和帮助他人的渴望所驱动。)”可知，菲尔波特认同帮助他人的倾向根植于人性之中。故选C项。35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“KittyGenovesewasattackedviolentlynearherNewYorkapartmentdespiteneighborshearingherscreams.ThecasemadeheadlinesinTheNewYorkTimes,whichreportedthat38witnessesheardtheattackbuttooknoaction.(基蒂·吉诺维斯在纽约公寓附近遭到暴力袭击，尽管邻居们听到了她的尖叫。这起案件登上了《纽约时报》头条，报道称有38名目击者听到了袭击却没有采取任何行动。)”以及后文对旁观者效应的阐释，文章核心围绕人们面对紧急事件视而不见、不予干预的现象展开，因此“TheBlindEye(视而不见)”最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Languagebarriers.Cultureshock.Homesickness.Thesearethethingsyoumightworryaboutbeforedepartingtostudyabroad.36Afterabusyyearabroad—constantlymeetingnewpeople,havingnewexperiencesandgainingindependence,cominghomecanfeellikeananti-climax(落差很大).LikemanyotherexchangestudentsIfoundmyselflivingwithmyparentsagainafterayearabroad.37Atfirst,IindulgedineverythingIhadalwayslovedaboutbeinghome:daysspentloungingwithcupsofteaandbooks,tranquilwalksandhome-cookeddinners.Butoncethejetlagsubsided(倒过时差),Ifoundmyselfstrangelylackingenergyandmotivation.WhywasIfeelingsodisconnected?IrealizedthatIhaddonetwothingswhileIwasaway:Ihadidealizedhomeinmymind,andI’dexpectedeverythingtoremainexactlythesamewhileIwasgone.ButasIimmersedmyselfinanewculture,Iquicklyadaptedtoadifferentwayoflife.38Somefriendshipshadbecomedistantwhileothershadbecomeclosertogether.Ontopofthat,IfeltasifI’dchangedtoo.39.Myfriend,whostudiedinFrance,experiencedsomethingsimilar.Shesaysshefoundherselfasking:“HowdoIfitbackintothelifeIhadbeforewhenIfeelsodifferent?”Soit’shardlysurprisingthatonceit’sover,manyexchangestudentsfeelatalooseend.Itseemsoddtomethatnooneatuniversitywarnsyouaboutthisbeforehand.Gettingapart-timejobeventuallyhelpedeasemyownsenseofdissociation,asitgavemethestructureIneeded.40Readjustingathomehasbeenharderthanlifeabroad.ButasIaddsomeofthethingsIlovedaboutlivingabroadtomyhomelife,whilerealizingthattherearesomefeelingsIcan’treplace,I’mstartingtofindanewnormal.A．ItturnedoutIwasn’talone.B．Itforcedmetoreflectonmyidentity.C．Meanwhile,everyoneathomechanged.D．ItfeltlikeI’dtakenseveralstepsbackwards.E．Dailyroutinesformedasmylanguageimproved.F．Butforme,returninghomeprovedthehardestofall.G．Spendingmoretimewithfamilyandfriendshelpedtoo.【答案】36．F37．D38．C39．A40．G【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者留学归来后经历文化反差、身份困惑，最终通过调整心态和行动逐渐适应国内生活的过程。36．由上文“Languagebarriers.Cultureshock.Homesickness.Thesearethethingsyoumightworryaboutbeforedepartingtostudyabroad.(语言障碍。文化冲击。想家。这些可能是你出国学习前担心的事情。)”及下文“Afterabusyyearabroad—constantlymeetingnewpeople,havingnewexperiencesandgainingindependence,cominghomecanfeellikeananti-climax.(在海外忙碌了一年——不断结识新朋友、获得新体验、获得独立之后，回国可能会让人感觉落差很大。)”可知，上文提及出国前的担忧，下文转而讲述回国后的不适，本空应表示转折，突出回国才是最困难的事。F选项“Butforme,returninghomeprovedthehardestofall.(但对我来说，回国是最难的。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。37．由上文“LikemanyotherexchangestudentsIfoundmyselflivingwithmyparentsagainafterayearabroad.(像许多其他交换生一样，我发现自己在国外待了一年后又和父母住在一起了。)”及下文“Atfirst,IindulgedineverythingIhadalwayslovedaboutbeinghome:daysspentloungingwithcupsofteaandbooks,tranquilwalksandhome-cookeddinners.(起初，我尽情享受着在家的一切：悠闲地喝茶看书，平静地散步，吃家常便饭。)”可知，上文提到作者像许多其他交换生一样，在国外待了一年后又和父母住在一起，下文则描述了作者最初在家享受的各种惬意时光，本空应说明作者在家最初的感觉。D选项“ItfeltlikeI’dtakenseveralstepsbackwards.(感觉像是倒退了好几步。)”形象表达出独立生活后又回到依赖父母状态的心理落差，符合语境。故选D。38．由上文“ButasIimmersedmyselfinanewculture,Iquicklyadaptedtoadifferentwayoflife.(但当我沉浸在一种新的文化中时，我很快适应了不同的生活方式。)”及下文“Somefriendshipshadbecomedistantwhileothershadbecomeclosertogether.(有些友谊变得疏远了，而有些则变得更亲密了。)”可知，上文讲自己的改变，下文讲人际关系的变化，本空应说明家乡的人也发生了变化。C选项“Meanwhile,everyoneathomechanged.(与此同时，家里的每个人都变了。)”承上启下，共同说明了变化的主题，符合语境。故选C。39．由下文“Myfriend,whostudiedinFrance,experienced