2026届青岛市高三物理高考三模QS01会员专享黑白可打印训练卷B1第0032套（含参考答案、逐题解析、评分细则、压轴题讲评与学生作答空间）

2026届青岛市高三物理高考三模QS01黑白可打印训练卷B1第0032套考前限时训练·试题区与答案区分离·黑白打印版2026届青岛市高三物理高考三模QS01会员专享黑白可打印训练卷B1第0032套（含参考答案、逐题解析、评分细则、压轴题讲评与学生作答空间）考试时间：90分钟满分：120分适用对象：2026届青岛市高三物理高考三模考前整卷训练姓名：________________班级：________________考号：________________得分：________________1．本卷为青岛市高三物理高考三模风格训练资料，按整卷限时完成设计，不对应任何官方原卷。2．全卷共22题，选择题、实验探究题、计算与综合题合计120分；请先检查页码，再按题号顺序作答。3．选择题答案填入答题栏；实验题和计算题必须写出必要的文字说明、公式、代入过程、单位和结果。4．所有作图、连线、数据处理均用黑色字迹完成；不能只写最后数值。主观题按步骤得分点评分。5．试题区后设硬分页答案区，含参考答案、逐题解析、评分细则、易错提示与压轴题讲评。选择题答题栏题号123456789101112答案订正一、单项选择题（本题共12小题，每小题3分，共36分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．甲、乙两物体沿同一直线同向运动。甲从静止开始做加速度为2.0m/s²的匀加速直线运动，乙以6.0m/s做匀速直线运动，两物体同时从同一位置出发。下列说法正确的是（）。A．3.0s末两物体速度相同B．3.0s末两物体位移相同C．0～3.0s内两物体平均速度相同D．3.0s末甲的加速度为02．一小球在离地20m处竖直上抛，初速度大小为10m/s，不计空气阻力，取g＝10m/s²。小球落地瞬间的速度大小最接近（）。A．10m/sB．22m/sC．30m/sD．40m/s3．带电导体达到静电平衡后，关于导体及其空腔内的电场，下列判断正确的是（）。A．导体内部电场强度处处为零B．导体表面各点电势一定不同C．导体内部自由电荷仍在定向移动D．电荷均匀分布在导体整个体积内4．理想变压器原线圈接在220V交流电源上，原、副线圈匝数比为11∶1，副线圈接4.0Ω纯电阻。下列结果正确的是（）。A．副线圈电压为10VB．副线圈电流为2.5AC．原线圈输入功率为100WD．原线圈电流为5.0A5．两颗质量远小于地球的卫星分别绕地球做半径为r和4r的匀速圆周运动。若轨道均近似为圆轨道，则两卫星周期之比T₁∶T₂为（）。A．1∶2B．1∶4C．1∶8D．1∶166．一列沿x轴传播的简谐横波，波长为4.0m，周期为0.20s。该波在均匀介质中的传播速度大小为（）。A．0.80m/sB．5.0m/sC．20m/sD．80m/s7．在光电效应实验中，入射光频率保持不变且高于极限频率，逐渐增大入射光强度。下列说法正确的是（）。A．光电子最大初动能增大B．逸出功随光强增大而增大C．单位时间逸出的光电子数增多D．遏止电压一定变为原来的两倍8．长为0.30m的直导线垂直放入磁感应强度为0.50T的匀强磁场中，导线中电流为2.0A。导线所受安培力大小为（）。A．0.15NB．0.30NC．0.60ND．3.0N9．汽车以速度v通过半径为R的凸形桥最高点。设汽车质量为m，重力加速度为g，桥面对汽车的支持力为N。下列关系正确的是（）。A．N＝mg＋mv²/RB．N＝mg－mv²/RC．N＝mv²/R－mgD．N＝mg10．某放射性原子核发生α衰变。衰变后新核与原核相比，下列说法正确的是（）。A．质量数减少2，电荷数减少4B．质量数减少4，电荷数减少2C．质量数增加4，电荷数增加2D．质量数不变，电荷数减少211．一定质量理想气体在温度不变的条件下被缓慢压缩到原体积的一半。该过程中气体压强、内能和热量交换的判断正确的是（）。A．压强变为原来的一半，内能增大B．压强变为原来的两倍，内能增大C．压强不变，气体从外界吸热D．压强变为原来的两倍，内能不变并向外界放热12．平行板电容器充电后与电源断开，再缓慢增大两板间距离。若边缘效应不计，下列判断正确的是（）。A．电容增大，板间电压减小B．电容减小，板间电场强度近似不变C．电荷量减小，板间电场强度减小D．电荷量不变，电容和电压均不变二、实验探究题（本题共4小题，共36分。请按题目要求写出数据处理过程与结论）13．（8分）某学习小组用小车、细线、槽码、打点计时器和纸带探究“加速度与合外力的关系”。小车总质量M保持不变，槽码质量m远小于M。每次释放小车前均让纸带保持平直，并使细线与长木板平行。记录数据如下表。次数12345槽码重力F/N0.100.200.300.400.50加速度a/(m·s⁻²)0.200.390.610.800.99a/F2.001.952.032.001.98（1）实验前需要适当垫高长木板一端，其目的是________________________。（2）根据数据可判断a与F的关系为________________________；若图像斜率约为2.0，则小车总质量M约为________kg。（3）若不满足m远小于M，直接把槽码重力当作细线拉力，测得的加速度将偏________。13题作答空间：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14．（8分）用电流表、电压表、滑动变阻器和开关测定一节干电池的电动势E和内阻r。实验电路采用电流表外接法，测得端电压U与电流I如下表。I/A0.100.200.300.400.50U/V1.401.301.201.101.00U＋I/V1.501.501.501.501.50（1）在U-I图像中，纵轴截距表示________，图线斜率的绝对值表示________。（2）由表中数据可得E＝________V，r＝________Ω。（3）为减小偶然误差，数据处理时应采用________________________，不能只取任意两组数据。14题作答空间：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________15．（10分）某小组利用单摆测当地重力加速度。摆线质量可不计，摆球半径较小。实验中测得摆长L和完成50次全振动的时间t，数据如下。次数1234L/m0.5000.7000.9001.100t/s70.984.095.2104.8T²/s²2.012.823.634.39（1）摆长L应测量到________________________。（2）以T²为纵轴、L为横轴作图，若图线斜率k＝4.02s²/m，则g＝________m/s²（取π²＝9.87，结果保留三位有效数字）。（3）若摆角过大，按单摆小角度公式处理，测得的g通常偏________；请写出一条减小误差的操作要求：________________________。15题作答空间：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16．（10分）为测量匀强磁场的磁感应强度B，某小组让长度l＝0.200m的导体棒在垂直磁场的导轨上做匀速运动，用高内阻电压传感器测棒两端电压U。导体棒速度v由传感器记录，数据如下。v/(m·s⁻¹)0.200.400.600.801.00U/V0.0180.0360.0540.0720.090U/v0.0900.0900.0900.0900.090（1）本实验验证的关系式为U＝________；由数据可知U与v近似成________关系。（2）求磁感应强度B＝________T。（3）若电压传感器内阻不够大，测得的U将小于理想电动势，所得B将偏________。16题作答空间：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、计算与综合题（本题共6小题，共48分。解答应写出必要过程、单位和结果检验）17．（7分）质量m＝2.0kg的小物块置于水平面上，物块与水平面间的动摩擦因数μ＝0.20。t＝0时对物块施加水平恒力F＝10N，使其由静止开始运动，4.0s后撤去拉力，取g＝10m/s²。求：（1）4.0s末物块速度大小；（2）撤去拉力后物块还能滑行的距离。17题作答空间：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18．（7分）两平行金属板长L＝0.20m，板间距离d＝0.050m，板间电压U＝100V，板间形成方向竖直向下的匀强电场。一带正电粒子从两板中线以v₀＝4.0×10⁴m/s的速度水平射入，粒子的比荷q/m＝2.0×10⁵C/kg，不计重力。求粒子飞出电场时：（1）竖直方向速度；（2）相对入射中线的偏移量；（3）速度方向与水平方向夹角的正切值。18题作答空间：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19．（8分）光滑水平面上，质量m₁＝1.0kg的小车A以6.0m/s的速度向右运动，与静止的质量m₂＝2.0kg的小车B发生完全非弹性碰撞，碰后两车一起向右运动并压缩固定在前方的轻弹簧，弹簧劲度系数k＝300N/m。求：（1）碰后共同速度；（2）碰撞中损失的机械能；（3）弹簧最大压缩量。19题作答空间：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20．（8分）两根平行光滑金属导轨间距l＝0.50m，处于竖直向下的匀强磁场中，磁感应强度B＝0.40T。导轨左端接电阻R＝2.0Ω，其他电阻不计。一导体棒垂直导轨向右匀速运动，速度v＝5.0m/s。求：（1）感应电动势；（2）电路中的电流；（3）维持匀速运动所需外力大小；（4）若改为恒定外力0.20N由静止拉动，导体棒最终速度。20题作答空间：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21．（8分）一定质量单原子理想气体初态A满足pA＝1.0×10⁵Pa、VA＝2.0×10⁻³m³、TA＝300K。气体先等压膨胀到B态，VB＝3.0×10⁻³m³；再等容升温到C态，pC＝2.0×10⁵Pa。求：（1）B态温度；（2）C态温度；（3）全过程气体对外做功；（4）全过程气体吸收的热量。21题作答空间：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________22．（10分）压轴综合：某质谱装置由加速电场、速度选择器和分析磁场三部分组成。带正电离子从静止开始经加速电压U＝800V加速，已知该离子的比荷q/m＝5.0×10⁷C/kg。随后离子进入速度选择器，选择器中匀强磁场B₁＝0.20T垂直纸面向里，板间匀强电场可调；只有做匀速直线运动的离子才能通过。通过后离子进入另一匀强磁场B₂＝0.40T并做半圆运动打到屏上。求：（1）离子进入选择器前的速度；（2）速度选择器中电场强度大小及方向；（3）分析磁场中的轨道半径和屏上偏距；（4）若另一种同电荷离子质量增大4%，并同步调节选择器使其直线通过，屏上偏距如何变化。22题作答空间：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________备用作答与复查空间（供17～22题补充推导使用）请把需要补充的受力分析、图像草图、方程推导、单位检查和订正过程写在下方。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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参考答案与逐题解析、评分细则说明：评分时重过程、重单位、重物理意义。选择题给出唯一答案；实验题和计算题按采分点给分，等价表述且物理含义正确可相应给分。一、选择题答案题号123456789101112答案ABACCCCBBBDB1．答案：A。甲的速度v＝at＝2.0×3.0＝6.0m/s，与乙的速度相同。甲的位移x甲＝1/2at²＝9.0m，乙的位移x乙＝vt＝18m，平均速度不相同。评分细则：选A得3分；若把位移相等作为判断依据不得分。2．答案：B。用速度位移关系v²＝v₀²＋2gh，其中下落高度按从最高点到地面等效也可直接用机械能守恒：落地速度平方为10²＋2×10×20＝500，v≈22m/s。评分细则：选B得3分；把上升过程和下落高度割裂导致选C不得分。3．答案：A。导体静电平衡时内部电场强度为零，导体整体为等势体，自由电荷不再定向移动，净电荷分布在外表面或腔表面。评分细则：选A得3分；把导体表面误判为电势处处不同不得分。4．答案：C。副线圈电压U₂＝220×1/11＝20V，副线圈电流I₂＝20/4.0＝5.0A，输出功率P＝100W；理想变压器输入功率等于输出功率。评分细则：选C得3分；若把原、副线圈电流等同不得分。5．答案：C。开普勒第三定律给出T²∝r³，故T∝r³ᐟ²。轨道半径变为4r时，周期变为4³ᐟ²＝8倍。评分细则：选C得3分；只按半径成正比处理不得分。6．答案：C。波速v＝λ/T＝4.0/0.20＝20m/s。评分细则：选C得3分；单位换算或把周期倒置造成错误不得分。7．答案：C。同一频率下，光电子最大初动能由hν－W₀决定，与光强无关；光强增大意味着单位时间入射光子数增多，光电子数增多。评分细则：选C得3分。8．答案：B。导线与磁场垂直，安培力F＝BIL＝0.50×2.0×0.30＝0.30N。评分细则：选B得3分；漏乘长度或误用面积不得分。9．答案：B。在桥顶，向心加速度指向圆心即竖直向下，mg－N＝mv²/R，故N＝mg－mv²/R。评分细则：选B得3分；方向判断反得零分。10．答案：B。α粒子为氦核，质量数为4、电荷数为2；α衰变后新核质量数减少4，电荷数减少2。评分细则：选B得3分。11．答案：D。温度不变时理想气体内能不变；体积减半，压强加倍。压缩过程中外界对气体做功，为保持内能不变，气体向外界放热。评分细则：选D得3分。12．答案：B。断开电源后电荷量Q不变；增大板距使电容C减小，电压U＝Q/C增大。平行板间电场E＝Q/(εS)，边缘效应不计时近似不变。评分细则：选B得3分。二、实验探究题答案、解析与评分细则13．答案：（1）平衡摩擦力，使细线拉力近似等于小车所受合外力。（2）a与F成正比；M≈0.50kg。（3）偏小。解析：数据中a/F约为2.0，说明a-F图像近似过原