2026年国际绿氢报告（英文版）

InternationalGreen

HydrogenReport2026Recent

updates

in

Europe14Countryprofiles

16●

Australia17二Austria

20

Belgium

23●Brazil

28

w

Canada

30●Chile

34

Denmark38

ΨFinland

41仆France46●

Germany

50

Hungary

55

India

60

Italy

66

Japan

70●Morocco72●Portugal75●Saudi

Arabia

78

Serbia

80

Singapore83

Slovenia

85●

Spain

88

Sweden

92

二

The

Netherlands

96

●

Türkiye

98

UnitedKingdom104Key

contacts

110Contents

Focusonhydrogen

3

The

legal

issues4

Theusesof

greenhydrogen

6

Maritime

transport7Aviation

8Industrialapplications10Rail11Mining12Heavy-duty

vehicles132InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026KeycontactsWhether

as

an

energy

carrier,as

energystorage

forclimate-neutralenergies,asadecarbonised

fuelin

transport,asanessentialelementof

sectorcoupling

(dovetailing

greenelectricity

with

theheatandmobility

sectors

as

well

as

industry),or

as

a

meansof

decarbonising

CO2

sources(such

as

the

steel

orcement

industry),hydrogen

is

clean

and

versatile.However,hydrogen

deployment

faced

significant

challenges

in2025.Whilepolicy

frameworkshavematuredconsiderably,implementation

gapsremainbetweenambitious

targetsandactualdeployment.Costcompetitiveness,infrastructuredevelopment,regulatoryharmonisation

continues

topresenthurdles,

thoughrecent

technologicaladvancesandincreasedinvestmentarebeginning

toaddress

thesebarriers.H2Useof

hydrogenTransportFuelcells

IndustryFuelcells

IndustryFocusonhydrogen3

InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026SteammethanereformingCarboncaptureFertilisersGreenhydrogen

Bluehydrogen

GreyhydrogenRenewableenergyElectrolysisEnergysystem

managementKeycontactsCH4CO2NH2RegulationIn

thecontextof

theproduction,

transport,distributionandconsumptionofhydrogen,numerousregulatoryprovisionsmust

beobserved.Frequently,a

key

legal

and

economic

issue

is

the

legalqualificationof

“greenhydrogen”and

thedevelopmentofstandardsenablingarealinternationalgreenhydrogenmarket.

Certificationand

thedevelopmentofnationalstandards

willplaya

major

role.Whengrantsareusedalongside

traditional

waysofprojectfunding,itisimportant

toobserve

therequirements

for

theproperuseof

thesubsidies.

In

theeventofnoncompliance

with

thesubsidylawrequirements,

thereisarisk

that

thesubsidies

will

havetoberepaid

withinterest.ContractsTheimplementationofhydrogenproductionorstorageprojects

(e.g.power-to-gas

plants)or

the

development

of

a

hydrogeninfrastructurerequireabalancedandsolidcontractualbasis.

The

complexityof

thesupplyandoff-takecontractsrequired

for

these

projectsshouldbeconsidered—alsoregardinginvestmentand

financingissues

fromthebeginning.

Thecontractsalsohavetointegrate

theregulatoryrequirements

forgreenelectricitysupply,

safetyissues,authorisationproceduresorcounterpartyriskprovisions.Hydrogen

has

a

key

role

to

play

in

the

energy

transition.Inaddition

tonumerousotheradvantagesasarenewableenergy

carrier,theuseofhydrogenmakesitpossibletosignificantly

reduceCO2

emissions.As

of

2025,over140countries

have

developed

or

are

developingnationalhydrogenstrategies,representingasignificantincrease

fromprevious

years.However,

themarketsituation

variesconsiderablyacross

jurisdictions.Beyondcost

factors,

thesupply

anddemandbalance,infrastructuredevelopment,andregulatory

frameworksremainkeydeterminants

forrealisingnationalhydrogengoals.Greenhydrogenasthepetroleumof

tomorrowThe

flexibleenergycarrierisindispensable

for

theenergytransitionandopensnewmarketsaspartof

theentire

value

chain:technologies,generation,storageandinfrastructure.Ourhydrogen-focusedlegal

teamhasadvisedonnumerouslocalas

wellascross-borderprojects,supportingclientsthrough

regulatorycompliance,

joint

ventures,IPprotection,and

financing.

We

workclosely

with

technicalconsultantsandpolicyexperts

to

deliverintegratedlegalsolutionsacross

thehydrogen

valuechain

—

fromproductionandstorage

todistributionandend-use.ThelegalissuesAsuccessfulenergytransitioncanonlybeachievedbycombiningsecurityofsupply,affordabilityandenvironmentalcompatibility

withinnovativeandintelligent

climateprotection.

Thisrequiresanalternativeoption

to

the

fossil

fuelsthatarepredominantlyused

today.4

InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026KeycontactsIncaseof

acommoninvestmentthemutualrightsandobligations

includinglock-upperiods,exitscenariosandmanagementincentivepackagesaretobeconsidered

withattention.Allrelevantcontractsshouldbedraftedclearly,practicallyandwith

foresightand

takeenoughaccountof

thespecial

featuresof

the

technologiesand

theirchangeor

furtherdevelopment.

Weaccompanyandadvise

youinallnecessarystrategicdecisionsand

thepracticalstepsof

settingupsucha

joint

ventureoracommoncompany,

whetherinconnection

withresearchanddevelopment,productionordistributionoracombinationofboth.ProjectFinanceFrom

venturecapitalandequityinvestments

thepath

will

quicklyleadtomoreclassicProjectFinancestructures-withEuropeanHydrogenBankandEuropeanandnationalinvestmentbanksready

tosupport

theindustry.

Theinvestment

amountsneeded

will

triggeranincreasinginvolvementof

traditionallenders,

who

willneedcarefuladviceonsecureloanstructures,collateralsandaduediligence.ManagingcontractualandgovernmentaldisputeriskComplexandinnovativehydrogenprojects,especially

thoseof

across-bordernature,alsorequireparticipants

toidentifyand

mitigate

theirriskasregardscontractualcounterparties,host

governmentsorotherstate-entities

whoseactionshave

thepotential

toundermine

the

valueand

viabilityof

aproject.IntellectualPropertyManypromisingprojectsin

the

fieldofhydrogenproduction,

transport,ordistributionstart

withapioneeringinvention.Forexample,high-performancestorage

technologiesneed

to

bedeveloped

tobecompetitiveandattractive

toconsumers.Theseinventionsmustbeprotected,

throughpatentprotection

atnationalandinternationallevel.Likewise,

yourpatentsand

trademarksshouldbeeffectivelyenforceableagainstanyimitators.

Asof

today,Europeancompaniesareinaleading

position

withrespect

topatentsin

thehydrogen

field.Conversely,

whendevelopingnewproductsandprocessesaroundhydrogen,

youshouldconsider

theincreasingdensity

of

third-partypatentsanddesign

yournewproduct

witha

view

toensuring

your

“Freedom

toOperate”as

faraspossible.Establishmentof

JointVenturesForthesuccessof

yourengagement,itisnecessarythat

youplace

yourcooperation

withpartnersonasolid

foundationundertherespectivecompanylaw.

Theestablishmentof

atailored

joint

ventureoracommonprojectcompany,

to

which

know-how,industrialpropertyrights,technologyorservicescanbecontributedinaddition

to

financialresources,isa

typical

example.

At

theheartof

thisis

the

joint

ventureagreement,whichmustdescribe

thecommongoalof

thecooperation

justasclearlyastherespectiveservicesof

thecooperation

partners.

Thepossibilitiesof

thepartners

toinfluence

the

developmentof

acompanymustalsoberegulated.Disputes

with

joint

venturepartners,suppliers,customers,andcontractorsrequirecarefulandstrategic

handling

toensureoptimaloutcomes.Operatorsandotherstakeholdersalsoneed

tobealert

to

theriskof

claims

from

thirdpartiesimpactedbyprojectsand

their

operation,and/orclaims

forenvironmentaldamage.Cross-borderinvestmentinhydrogenprojectsalsorequires

aconsiderationof

theavailabilityofinvestment

treatyprotections

tosafeguardcross-borderinvestment

from

theharmfulactionsof

governmentsorrelatedbodies.Thisrequiresanawarenessof

theexistenceof

such

treaty

protectionsandhow

theymightapply

to

theproposedinvestingentitiesandthehoststate(s)underconsideration.5

InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026KeycontactsTheusesofgreenhydrogen6

InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026KeycontactsThemaritimesector,responsible

forapproximately3%of

global

greenhouse

gas

emissions,is

increasinglyturning

tohydrogenandammoniaaszero-emission

fuelalternatives.

TheInternationalMaritimeOrganization’s(IMO)revised

greenhouse

gas

strategy,adopted

in2023,

targets

net-zero

emissions

by2050,

creatingsignificantdemand

foralternative

fuelsincludinghydrogenandhydrogen-derivedammonia.Ammoniahasemergedas

theleadinghydrogencarrier

formaritimeapplicationsdue

toitshigherenergydensity

andexistingglobalsupplyinfrastructure.Majorshipping

companiesincludingMaersk,CMACGM,andNYKLinehaveplacedorders

forammonia-powered

vessels,

with

the

firstcommercialammonia-fuelledcontainerships

expected

to

enter

service

by2026-2027.Directhydrogenusein

fuelcellsisbeingexplored

forsmaller

vesselsandportoperations.Severalpilotprojectsareunderway,includinghydrogen-powered

ferriesinNorway

and

theNetherlands,andhydrogen

fuelcellsystems

for

portequipmentand

tugboats.

Thedevelopmentofhydrogenbunkeringinfrastructureatmajorportsisaccelerating,

with

facilitiesplannedorunderconstruction

inRotterdam,Hamburg,Singapore,andLos

Angeles.TherecentEUInnovationFundgrantprojectsinvolvetechnologies

forhydrogenandcarboncapture

tobeused

incruiseships(RoyalCaribbeanGroup’sMAGHYCproject).Maritimetransport7

InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026KeycontactsAviationAviation

accounts

for

2–3%of

global

CO2

emissions

andremains

the

fastest-growing

sourceof

greenhouse

gasemissions.

Air

travel

is

expected

to

double

in

the

next15

years

meaning

these

numbers

will

continue

to

grow.Technical

decarbonisation

measures

such

as

low-emissionfuels,

aircraft

and

engine

efficiency

improvements,operationaloptimisation

and

demand

constraints

areneeded

to

get

the

aviationindustry

on

track

with

ambitious

net-zero

goals.

The

use

of

hydrogenfuelcells

as

a

substitute

toconventional

aircraftpropulsion

systemsoffers

a

zero-emissions

transportation

solution

andhas

alreadybeensafelyusedin

aviation

forseveral

years.Itisestimated

thathydrogenhas

thepotential

toreduce

aviation,sCO2

emissionsbyup

to50%and

is

therefore

an

important

technology

to

achieve

the

industry’sdecarbonisation

goals.Sustainable

AviationFuel

(“SAF”)includes

fuelfrom

a

variety

of

sustainable

sources,including

green

hydrogen.Suppliers

started

delivering

SAF

from

2025

and

hope

to

be

able

toreach85%of

all

aviation

fuelinEU

airportsby2050.Hydrogenisincluded

as

part

of

this

new

fuel

mix,

with

the

International

AirTransport

Association

(“IATA”)predicting

that

the

aviationsectorwill

require

an

excess

of

100million

tonnes

of

hydrogen

as

a

fuel.Hydrogen

is

also

emerging

as

a

key

player

in

the

transformationof

airport

operations

towards

sustainability.It

is

being

exploredfor

non-aircraft

energy

users

such

as

ground

handling

servicesand

passenger

transportation.

The

goal

is

to

create

a

seamless,

low-carbonecosystem

that

supports

airport

activities

andreduceair

travel’s

environmental

impact

in

the

sky

and

on

the

ground.8

InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026KeycontactsReFuelEUAviationInitiativeThe

European

Commission

presented

the

“fit

to55”package

on14

July2021,

which

includes

proposals

to

make

the

EU,s

transportpolicies

fit

forreducingnetgreenhousegasemissionstoatleast

55%by2030.It

included

a

proposal

to

ensure

a

level

playingfield

forsustainableair

transport,alsoknownastheReFuelEUAviationInitiative.

Apoliticalagreementonthisinitiative

wasreached

in

April2023.

The

rules

will

require,amongst

othermeasures,

fuelsupplierstosupplyaminimumshareof

SAFatEUairports

which

shall

increase

gradually

each

year,starting

at2%of

overall

fuel

supplied

by2025and

reaching70%by2050.BookandclaimsystemTheaviationsectoranditssupplychainhavecalledformore

time

toestablish

theproductioninfrastructurerequired

tocomply

withSAFmandates

withintheReFuelEUrules.

Theyhavesuggested

theimportanceofimplementingabookand

claimsystem

tooffersome

financialrespiteduring

theinitial

stagesofregulationenforcement.

Thebookandclaimsystem

wouldenableairlinesdeparting

fromairports

withoutSAFaccess

tobuyit

forutilisationbyotheroperatorsindifferent

locations.

This

way,theybeartheadditionalcostof

SAFwithout

the

need

to

physically

use

the

fuel

in

flights

where

it,s

not

feasible.

Theaviationsectorcontends

thatdecoupling

the

purchaseof

SAF

fromitsactualusage

willtackletheexpected

supplyissues

while

fostering

thegrowthof

theSAFindustry.Adoptionof

theSustainableTransportInvestmentplan(STIP)Tomeet

theobjectivesoftheReFuelEU

Aviationand

theFuelEU

MaritimeRegulations

themarketneedssubstantialinvestments.To

produce

the

projected20million

tonnes

of

sustainable

alternativeFuels

€100billion

investments

over

the

next

decade

is

required.€300million

by

end

of

2025shall

support

the

productionofhydrogenforsustainableaviation(SAF)andmaritime

(SMF)fuelsthroughtheEuropeanHydrogenBank.Policysupport9

InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026KeycontactsThechemicalssector,alreadythelargestconsumerof

hydrogenglobally,is

transitioning

fromgreyto

greenhydrogen.

Ammoniaproduction

for

fertilizers,methanol

synthesis,andrefineryoperationsarekeyapplications.MajorchemicalcompaniesincludingBASF,

Yara,and

Air

Liquidehaveannouncedmulti-billion-euroinvestmentsin

greenhydrogenproductionandconsumption

facilities.Cementproduction,responsible

forapproximately8%of

global

CO2

emissions,isexploringhydrogenasbothafuelandaprocess

input.Whilestillinearlystages,pilotprojectsinEuropeand

Asia

aredemonstrating

thepotential

forhydrogen

toreplace

fossilfuelsincementkilnsandcontribute

toprocessdecarbonization.Hydrogen

is

increasingly

being

deployed

across

hard-

to-abate

industrial

sectors.

The

steel

industry

has

seensignificant

progress

with

direct

reduction

iron(DRI)processesusinghydrogen,

withseveralcommercial-

scaleprojectsoperationalorunderconstruction.SSAB,sHYBRITprojectinSweden,

ThyssenKrupp,s

hydrogen-basedsteelproductioninGermany,and

ArcelorMittal,shydrogeninitiativesacrossEuropedemonstrate

thestartof

the

technology’s

commercial

viability.Industrialapplications10

InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026KeycontactsTherailsectorhas

traditionallyreliedondieseltraction

fornon-electrifiedroutes;however,

thesector

ismakingprogressin

transitioning

tohydrogenaspart

of

broader

decarbonisation

efforts.

As

of

2025,hydrogenrail

technologyhasadvancedbeyondearlydemonstrations,

withmultiplecommercialservicesnowoperationaland

fleetordersplacedacrossEurope,

Asia,andNorth

America.Whilebattery-electric

trainsandrailwayelectrificationremaincost-effectivesolutions

forcertainapplications,hydrogenoffersdistinctadvantagesforspecificusecases:(i)non-electrified

routes

longer

than100kilometres

wherebatterytechnologyfacesrangeand

weightconstraints;(ii)regionalandintercityservicesrequiringrapidrefuellingand

highdailyutilization;(iii)freightoperationsrequiringhighpower

output

and

long

range;and(iv)heritage

or

protected

routeswhereoverheadelectrificationinfrastructureisnot

feasible

dueto

visualimpact.IntheEuropeanUnion,approximately40%of

railway

tracks

remain

non-electrified,

representing

asubstantialaddressablemarket

forhydrogenrailsolutions.Smallerregionallinesandbranchlinesoftenlackelectrificationdue

tohighinfrastructurecostsrelative

to

traffic

volumes,making

hydrogenaneconomically

viabledecarbonisationpathway.As

of

2025,hydrogen

trains

have

achieved

commercial

maturityinseveralmarkets.Multiplemanufacturersnowoffercommercial

hydrogen-powered

rolling

stock

could

represent15-20%of

new

trainprocurements

fornon-electrifiedroutesby2030includingAlstom,Siemens,Stadler,CAF,and

Hitachi.

The

technology

hasprovenitsreliability,

withsomeearlydeploymentsnowexceeding

three

yearsof

commercialoperationandaccumulatingoveronemillionkilometresof

service.11

InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026RailKeycontactsMiningThe

mining

sector

is

responsible

for

4-7%of

globalgreenhouse

gasemissionsand

facesincreasingpressure

todecarboniseascompaniesstrive

toachievenet

zero

emissions

by2050.

As

of

2025,

the

sectorhasmadesignificantprogressindeployinghydrogen

solutions,

withseveralcommercial-scaleprojectsnow

operationalacrossmajorminingregionsincludingAustralia,Canada,Chile,and

South

Africa.Throughout2024and

into2025,

the

mining

industry

hasacceleratedits

transition

tohydrogen-poweredequipment,

movingbeyondpilotprojects

tocommercialdeployment.Majorminingcompaniesincluding

Anglo

American,Rio

Tinto,

andBHPhavecommittedsubstantialcapital

tohydrogeninitiatives,

withcombinedinvestmentsexceeding$2billion

announced

forhydrogen-relatedprojects

through2030.The

focushasshifted

from

feasibilitystudies

tooperational

implementation,

withminesnowoperatinghydrogen-poweredhaul

trucksandotherheavyequipment.Hydrogen

applications

in

mining

now

include:(220+tonnescapacity)zero-emission

fuel

for

ultra-class

haul

trucks(i),withseveralmanufacturersincludingKomatsu,Caterpillar,andLiebherrofferinghydrogen-poweredorhydrogen-readymodels;(ii)powergenerationforremoteminesites,replacingdieselgenerators

withhydrogen

fuelcellsprovidingbaseloadandpeakpower;(iii)materialsprocessingapplications,particularly

inorerefiningandmineralprocessing

wherehigh-temperatureheat

is

required;and(iv)integration

with

renewable

energymicrogrids,usinghydrogenasenergystoragetobalanceintermittentsolarand

windgenerationatminesites.Despitesignificantprogress,scalinghydrogenadoptioninminingcontinues

to

facechallengesincludinginfrastructure

developmentcosts,hydrogensupplychainestablishmentinremotelocations,and

theneed

forspecializedrefuelling

andmaintenancefacilities.However,thebusinesscasehasstrengthened,driven

by:(i)increasingly

stringent

emissions

regulationsinkeymining

jurisdictions;(ii)corporatecommitments

toScope1andScope2emissionsreductions;

(iii)customer

demand

for

low-carbon

minerals;(iv)improvedeconomics

as

electrolyser

costs

have

declined;and(v)governmentsupportprograms,includingproduction

taxcredits,capitalgrants,andaccelerateddepreciationschemes

in

Australia,Canada,Chile,andtheEuropeanUnion.Theminingindustryhasalsoemergedasapotentialproducer

of

greenhydrogen,leveragingitsaccesstorenewableenergy

resources,land,and

waterincertain

jurisdictions.Severalminingcompaniesaredevelopinghydrogenproductionfacilities

thatexceed

theirownoperationalrequirements,withplans

tosupplyhydrogen

to

thirdpartiesincludingheavy

transportoperators,industrialusers,andhydrogenexportfacilities.

Thisdualroleasbothconsumerandproducerpositionstheminingsectorasakeyenablerofregionalhydrogeneconomies,particularlyinresource-richregions.12

InternationalGreenHydrogenReport2026KeycontactsHeavy-duty

vehicles(HDVs)represent

one

of

themostchallengingsegmentsofroad

transport

fordecarbonizationdue

todemandingope