2027届新高考英语热点复习2021-2026年I卷真题D篇语篇精讲

2027届新高考英语热点复习

2021-2026年I卷

阅读D篇真题精讲(2025年新课标I卷阅D)

语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然

内容：介绍了微塑料污染的普遍性及其对人类健康的潜在威胁，并提出了一种简单且经济的方法—煮沸和过滤自来水—来减少饮用水中的微塑料含量。32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Byquotinganexpert. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Byprovidingstatistics.1MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在深海和喜马拉雅山上，在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。Cv.沉积P1问题呈现：微塑料污染普遍性Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap

(水龙头):boilingandfiltering

(过滤)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes

—

thenfilteringitafteritcools

—

couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.P2解决方案：煮沸+过滤可去除微塑料33.Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?A.Thehardnessofwater. B.Thelengthofcoolingtime.C.Thefrequencyoffiltering. D.Thetypeofplasticinwater.3Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.AP3条件与局限：水硬度决定效果34.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?A.Theimportanceofplasticrecycling. B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.C.Thedangerinoverusingpurewater. D.Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater.4Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.比想象中还要多的微塑料严重性愈发艰难的任务（减少微塑料接触）严重性BP4问题严重性佐证：瓶装水污染更甚5Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineerattheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”35.WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay’ssuggestionabout?A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods. B.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers. D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.应升级饮用水处理厂以去除微塑料实际应用v.收集，捕获P5专家观点与建议：升级饮用水处理厂熟词生义语篇类型主题语境语篇结构2025新高考I卷阅读D篇settle;trap；plant

说明文人与自然

微塑料污染及解决方案P1问题呈现：微塑料污染普遍性P2解决方案：煮沸+过滤可去除微塑料P3条件与局限：水硬度决定效果P4问题严重性佐证：瓶装水污染更甚P5专家观点与建议：升级饮用水处理厂(2024年新课标I卷阅D)

语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然

内容：斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，当前利用技术手段采集的生物多样性观察数据存在偏差，其主要集中在某些地区和物种上。该研究表明，尽管这些数据不完美，但通过指导用户前往未采样区域以及由专家确认图片，可以提高数据质量。citizenscientists公民科学家指那些在科学研究中参与数据收集、分析和解决问题的普通民众，他们通常没有正式的科学背景或训练recordsofbiodiversity生物多样性数据采集通过各种方法和技术手段，收集有关生物多样性的信息，包括物种的种类、数量、分布、生存状况、生态功能等。背景知识D【1】IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.【2】“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusing

observationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”【3】Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.【4】“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.【5】Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.【6】Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?【7】“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”了解现状：生物多样性的记录形式并不完美。分析原因：生物多样性的记录数据有偏差，其影响因素有：采样过程、地区、时间和物种选择。提出建议：生物多样性应用程序可以指导公民科学家。聚焦问题：用于研究物种如何响应全球变化的观察数据是否足够可靠？Step1：快速浏览全文，了解文章大意Para.1研究背景Para.2研究原因Para.3方法与过程Para.4-5结果与解释Para.6-8研究前景大多生物多样性记录以数字化记录的形式出现，但这种方式并不完美(mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofdigitalrecords;notperfect)Daru想要知道这种生物观测数据是否有用(observationaldata;Aretheyusable?)Daru和他的团队使用了一个全球数据集进行测试(usingaglobaldataset)大量的观测数据有失偏颇，倾向于某些地区、时间段和物种(thelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsarebiased:favorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies)利用生物多样性应用程序引导用户(biodiversityapps;informusers)32题33题34题35题【1】IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.

B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.

D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheform

ofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以图片、视频和其它数字形式存在的，也就是说，它们大多是电子形式的。选B。Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）

Step3：文本理解准确定位同义转述【2】“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”33.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.

B.Physicalspecimens.

D.Mobileapplications.解析：理解具体信息。文中提到Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydata...Iwantedto

know:Aretheyusable?BarnabasDaru想知道:用于研究物种如何响应全球变化的观察数据是否足够可靠?这说明他的研究重点是观测数据。选C。C.Observationaldata.准确定位Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）

Step3：文本理解Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）

Step3：文本理解【4】“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.【5】Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.34.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.

B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.

D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.内容概括更倾向于拍开花植物而非草对某些地方，某些时间段或某些物种情有独钟记录吸引人或醒目特色的物种数据分析错误上传图片质量差数据采集设备不可靠【7】“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.

B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.

D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

总结判断告知用户过度采样的地方，引导其去采样不充分的地区和物种鼓励用户找专家确认图像中的物种解析：推断。根据最后一段可知，生物多样性应用程序可以提醒用户(公民科学家)那些已经过度采样的区域，引导他们去未被充分采样的地方对物种进行采样，并且鼓励用户让专家鉴定他们上传的图片以改善观测数据的质量。选D。Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）

Step3：文本理解词汇掌握语篇类型主题语境语篇结构2024新高考I卷阅读D篇document；outnumber；likelihood；favor

说明文人与自然

生物多样性的数据记录P1了解现状：生物多样性的记录形式并不完美P2聚焦问题：用于研究物种如何响应全球变化的观察

数据是否足够可靠？P3-5分析原因：记录数据有偏差，影响因素有：采样

过程、地区、时间和物种选择。P6-7提出建议：生物多样性app可以指导公民科学家。(2023年新课标I卷阅D)

语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与社会

内容：主要介绍了对群体智慧效应的一项新研究。这项新研究发现，当大的估算群体被分成小组做估算时，其估算的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的估算结果更准确。WisdomofCrowdsEffect

群体智慧效应指在特定条件下，大量独立个体的判断、估计或意见通过聚合后，其集体结果往往比单个专家或个体更准确、更可靠。核心原理误差抵消机制：个体在判断或估计时难免存在误差，有人高估，有人低估。当大量独立个体的估计值被平均或聚合时，正负误差相互抵消，使集体结果更接近真实值。独立性与多样性：群体智慧效应成立的关键在于个体估计的独立性和多样性。如果个体之间信息来源或思维方式高度相似，容易犯相同错误，误差无法有效抵消，群体智慧效应会减弱。名词解释经典案例高尔顿的猜牛体重实验：1907年，英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿在乡村集市上组织了一场猜牛体重的活动。尽管大多数参与者并非专业称重人员，但将所有猜测值取平均后，结果非常接近牛的真实体重，甚至比专业称重人员的估计更准确，这成为群体智慧效应的经典例证。32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?Themethodsofestimation.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhatererreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimaltewillgodown.capitalizeson：利用（机会、优势等）canceleachotherout：相互抵消第2段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑，为什么大量独立估算的平均值在某些情况下可以相当准确，这是由于人们估算的误差并不总是相同的，当这些误差足够多，并被平均开来时，它们会互相抵消，从而得出更准确的估算值，段落结构：开头总述效应依托的核心事实，中间分述“误差不同则抵消”和“误差相同则不抵消”两种情况，结尾用专业术语总结关键前提（估算需独立）及违背前提的后果，层层推进，呈“正面原理+反面限制”的递进逻辑。估算方法效应的潜在逻辑/底层逻辑人们犯错的原因高尔顿实验的设计33.Navajas'studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif______A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent.……Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhatererreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimaltewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals……Galton的结论：群体智慧效应注重的是independent。如果个体之间出于某种原因非独立，那估计的准确值就会下降。而Navajas的结论与Galton的结论相反。Navajas的研究侧重于discussion。实验结果表明即使人们进行了交流和讨论，群体智慧效应的优势仍然存在。也就是说，即个体之间并非完全独立，平均的估算准确度也会提高。群体规模相对较小偶尔会出现低估情况个体之间没有交流估算并非完全独立在后续的研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中做了什么才使估算准确度提高，因此后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.“Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.小组的规模占主导地位的成员讨论过程个体的估算翻译：在一项以100名大学生为对象的后续研究中，研究者试图更深入地了解小组成员在讨论中实际会做些什么。他们是否倾向于认同那些对自己的估算最有信心的人？是否会追随那些最不愿改变想法的人？这类情况确实偶尔发生，但并非主要表现。最常见的是，这些小组反馈称，他们会“分享观点并共同推理”。不知为何，这些观点交流与推理过程最终使得整体误差有所减少。尽管纳瓦哈斯主导的这些研究存在局限性，且仍有诸多问题有待解答，但其对群体讨论及决策所蕴含的潜在意义却是巨大的。

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.“Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.although引导的让步状语从句后，有隐含的but引导的主句，该主句是重点。作者认为，尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性和许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的，由此可推断作者对Navaias的研究是支持的。35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.“Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.轻蔑的，不屑一顾的［语篇分析］论点与结构文章为“总—分”结构，开篇提出

1907

年

Francis

Galton

发表的论文阐释了“群体智慧”效应这一话题，之后围绕这一效应展开论述论据事例论据以

Francis

Galton

进行的估计实验为例，说明“群体智慧”效应——在某些情况下，大量独立估计的平均值可能相当准确研究论据以Joaquin

Navajas

领导的新研究以及后续对

100

名大学生的跟进研究为主要论据，展现了分组讨论对提高估计准确性的作用论证文章通过列举不同的研究事例进行阐述，这属于归纳论证的方式——从具体的研究实例归纳出关于“群体智慧”效应及其新发现的一般性内容(2022年新课标I卷阅D)

语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会

话题：研究表明，与饮食相关的人类咬合变化导致了新语音的产生。自人类出现以来，我们语音一直处于变化中，所发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化演变等因素经过复杂的相互作用而产生出来的。32.WhichaspectsofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherare

clicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

DP1提出问题：为何某些人类语音声音更常见？饮食导致的咬合变化产生了新的语音。P2历史观察：吃软食物的社会中，“f”“v”等唇齿音更常见。Blasi团队进一步探究如何及为何产生这一趋势。n.吸气音Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerlip(嘴唇)totheupperteeth.Later,

ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.CP3机制解释：牙齿咬合结构变化→唇齿音产生P4原因追溯：咬合变化与新石器时代农业发展有关34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.A

AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.P5数据验证：语言数据库分析证实：新石器时代后，世界

语言中“f”“v”的使用显著增加35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication. B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem. D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.CThisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolved(逐渐形成)around300,000yearago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.P6结论与升华：语音是生物变化与文化进化复杂互动的产物，

是动态系统。自人类出现以来，我们使用的语音并非一成不变的。相反的是，我们今天发现的大量语音，正是诸多事物进行复杂的相互作用的产物，例如生物进化、文化演变等熟词生义语篇类型主题语境语篇结构2022新高考I卷阅读D篇click

说明文人与社会

饮食相关的咬合变化导致的新语音产生P1提出问题：为何某些人类语音声音更常见？P2历史观察：吃软食物的社会中,“f”“v”等唇齿音更常见P3机制解释：牙齿咬合变化→唇齿音产生P4-5原因追溯&数据验证：咬合变化与新石器时代农业

发展有关P6结论升华：语音复杂互动的动态系统。(2021年新课标I卷阅D)

语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与自我

话题：介绍了情商概念的普及带来的误解及其有利的方面。32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest. B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills. D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.DPopularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotionalintelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills”.Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.情商这一概念的普及在某种程度上改变了情商的原始含义。现在，许多人误认为情商是一个人的特性中几乎所有理想的、不能用智商测试来衡量的东西，如性格、动机、自信、心理稳定、乐观和“人际关系技能”。研究表明，情感技能可能对其中的某些品质有帮助，但是大多数的品质远非基于技能的情商可以概括的。P1提出误解：情商被泛化为所有无法通过IQ

测试衡量的好的人格特质n.性格，品质33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.B

Weprefertodescribeemotiona