北京市朝阳区2025-2026学年度第一学期期未英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市朝阳区2025-2026学年度第一学期期未英语第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。YesterdayIwasflyinghomeafteraweekaway.We____1____ourflightandleftontime,butwhenwereachedthedestination,weweretoldthepilotswereflyingustoasmallerairportbecauseofbadweather.Whenwedeplaned,Ifiguredoutitwasmore-than-oneplanethathadbeendiverted(改变航线).Everybodywas____2____wheretheydidn’twanttobe.Peoplewerealltryingtogetonthefewflightsleavingthatevening.Ikeptcheckingmyphone,onlytodiscoverIhadbeenrebookedonaflight.Yay!Irantothenewgate,choseaseat,andscarfedmysnackssinceIhadn’teatenlunch.Soon,myrowwas____3____bya20-somethingwomaninthemiddle.She____4____aconversation,andsaidthatshefelt___5___becauseshehadatightconnectingflight.Ifshe____6____it,she’dstayovernightintheairport.Nothavingeatenallday,sheaskediftherewouldbeanywheretobuyfoodwhenwearrivedat9:45p.m.Itoldhermanyplaceswouldn’tbeopenthatlate.Then,Ihandedhertworicebars,____7____shedidn’tfindfoodbeforehernextflight.Shewas____8____,holdingthesnackswithhervoiceshakingalittle.“Really?Whatareyougoingtoeat?”ItoldherI’dbehomeanhourafterwelandedandIalreadyknewdinnerwouldbe____9____.Butshecouldbetravelingallnight.Thecrewturnedthelightsoffinthecabin,andI____10____listenedtothebarscrunching(嘎吱地嚼)forminutes.SheneededthemalotmorethanIdid!Andyes,whenIgothomeacoupleofhourslater,therewasabowlofwarmnoodlesforme.1.A.changed B.delayed C.boarded D.canceled2.A.stuck B.dragged C.hidden D.invited3.A.visited B.joined C.blocked D.reserved4.A.cutin B.brokeoff C.keptup D.struckup5.A.bored B.shocked C.worried D.confused6.A.lost B.made C.found D.missed7.A.evenif B.asthough C.sothat D.incase8.A.inspired B.touched C.satisfied D.interested9.A.wasted B.packed C.waiting D.cooling10.A.happily B.curiously C.confidently D.gratefully【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D5.C6.D7.D8.B9.C10.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者结束一周的行程乘飞机回家，航班虽准时起飞，却因天气原因备降小型机场。在改签后的航班上，作者遇到一位因担心赶不上转机而焦虑的女士，她还没吃饭。作者便将自己的米糕分给了她，这个小小的善举温暖了对方，也让作者收获了助人的快乐。【1题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们登机后准时起飞，但抵达目的地时，却被告知由于天气恶劣，飞行员要把我们降落到一个更小的机场。A.changed改变；B.delayed延误；C.boarded登机；D.canceled取消。根据后文“leftontime”可知，此处是先登机再起飞，“boardaflight”为固定搭配，意为“登机”。故选C项。【2题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有人都被困在了自己不想待的地方。A.stuck困住；B.dragged拖拽；C.hidden隐藏；D.invited邀请。根据后文“wheretheydidn’twanttobe.”可知，航班因天气改降其他机场，乘客们无法抵达原定目的地，处于被困的状态，“bestuck”表示“被困住”。故选A项。【3题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，一位二十多岁的女士坐到了我这一排的中间座位。A.visited拜访；B.joined加入、落座；C.blocked阻挡；D.reserved预订。根据后文“bya20-somethingwomaninthemiddle”可知，作者已经选好座位，女士过来坐在同一排，“join”在此处表示“加入到（某排座位）中”。故选B项。【4题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她主动开启了一段对话，说自己很担心，因为她的转机航班时间很紧张。A.cutin插嘴；B.brokeoff中断；C.keptup维持；D.struckup开启（对话、友谊等）。根据后文“aconversation,andsaid”可知，女士主动和作者搭话，“strikeupaconversation”是固定搭配，意为“主动攀谈”。故选D项。【5题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她主动开启了一段对话，说自己很担心，因为她的转机航班时间很紧张。A.bored无聊的；B.shocked震惊的；C.worried担心的；D.confused困惑的。根据后文“shehadatightconnectingflight”以及赶不上就要在机场过夜可知，女士内心很担忧。故选C项。【6题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果错过这趟转机航班，她就得在机场过夜了。A.lost丢失；B.made做到；C.found发现；D.missed错过。根据前文“tightconnectingflight”的语境，赶不上转机航班就会滞留，“miss”符合此处含义。故选D项。【7题详析】考查连词短语辨析。句意：随后，我递给她两块米糕，以防她在下一趟航班前买不到吃的。A.evenif即使；B.asthough好像；C.sothat以便；D.incase以防。作者担心女士后续买不到食物，所以提前给她米糕，“incase”引导目的状语从句，表“以防万一”。故选D项。【8题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她十分感动，拿着零食，声音微微有些颤抖。A.inspired受鼓舞的；B.touched感动的；C.satisfied满意的；D.interested感兴趣的。根据前文“Then,Ihandedhertworicebars”以及后文“holdingthesnackswithhervoiceshakingalittle.”可知，素不相识的作者主动给她食物，女士内心充满感激和感动。故选B项。【9题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她，我们降落一小时后我就能到家，而且我知道家里已经有晚餐在等着我了。A.wasted浪费；B.packed打包；C.waiting等待；D.cooling冷却。根据文末“therewasabowlofwarmnoodlesforme”可知，作者回家就能吃到准备好的晚饭，“bewaiting”符合语境。故选C项。【10题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：机组人员调暗了客舱的灯光，我欣慰地听着她嘎嘣嘎嘣嚼米糕的声音，听了好一会儿。A.happily欣慰地、高兴地；B.curiously好奇地；C.confidently自信地；D.gratefully感激地。根据后文“listenedtothebarscrunching(嘎子地嚼)forminutes.”可知，作者看到自己的食物帮到了需要的人，内心是欣慰且开心的。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A语法填空。OnOctober1,JaneGoodallpassedaway____11____(natural)attheageof91.Shewasfamousforbeingthefirsttoobservechimpanzeesusetoolstocatchtermites(白蚁)inTanzania.From1985onwards,shecampaignedtirelessly____12____(protect)chimpanzees’habitats,whichmadeheralegendaryfigurewhosestoryfeaturesinChinesetextbooks.Besides,sheinspiredgenerationstocarefornature,____13____(prove)oneperson’spassionandperseverancecandrivemeaningfulchangefortheplanet.【答案】11.naturally12.toprotect13.proving【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了动物学家JaneGoodall的生平贡献与深远影响。【11题详析】考查副词。句意：10月1日，JaneGoodall在91岁时自然离世。空处修饰动词短语passedaway，需用副词形式，natural的副词形式为naturally。故填naturally。【12题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从1985年起，她不知疲倦地发起运动，以保护黑猩猩的栖息地，这使她成为一位传奇人物，其事迹也被收录在中国的教科书中。本句已有谓语campaigned，空格处用非谓语形式，此处表目的，需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填toprotect。【13题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，她激励了一代又一代人关爱自然，这也证明了一个人的热爱与毅力能够为地球带来有意义的改变。本句已有谓语inspired，空格处用非谓语形式，动词prove与逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，且动作与谓语动词inspired同时发生，所以空处需用现在分词proving作伴随状语。故填proving。B语法填空Althoughpositiveenergyissometimesviewedasanabstractidea,itcanbeapproachedfromvariousperspectives.Spiritually,positiveenergyisoftenassociatedwithinnerpeace.Scientifically,energycanbemeasured____14____brainwavesandstresshormones.Sofar,research____15____(show)ourmentalstatesdirectlyinfluenceouremotion.So,focusingonpositiveenergy,wefosterageneralsenseofwell-being.Environmentalsomatters.Choosingtheveryenvironment____16____offerscalmnessandinspiration,youcansignificantlyimproveyourenergylevels.【答案】14.by15.hasshown16.that【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文指出正能量虽看似抽象，却可从多维度解读。【14题详析】考查介词。句意：从科学角度来说，能量可以通过脑电波和压力激素来测量。此处表示“通过某种方式或手段”，用来引出测量能量的具体载体，需用介词by。故填by。【15题详析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，研究已经表明我们的心理状态会直接影响情绪。时间状语Sofar（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志，主语research为不可数名词，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，show的现在完成时结构为hasshown。故填hasshown。【16题详析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：选择一个能带来平静与灵感的环境，你的能量水平会显著提升。先行词是theveryenvironment，指物，且先行词被thevery修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，需用that引导定语从句。故填that。C语法填空。Scientistsfoundtheoldestandmostcompletesetoffossilsofadome-headed(圆顶头)dinosaur____17____(call)apachycephalosaur.Pachycephalosaurswereplant-eatingdinosaursknownfortheirthickdomes.Thefossils____18____(discover)inMongoliain2019.Theyincludeacompleteskull,whosedomewasfullygrown,suggestingthatthecreatureslikelypractisedhead-hittingbeforematurity.Thesample,whichisbetween108millionand115millionyearsold,____19____(represent)anewspeciesandcanthrowlighton____20____thesecreaturesdeveloped.【答案】17.called18.werediscovered19.represents20.how【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现的最古老、最完整的肿头龙化石及其研究意义。【17题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家发现了一套最古老、最完整的原顶头恐龙化石，这种恐龙被称为肿头龙。本句已有谓语found，空格处用非谓语形式，名词dinosaur与动词call之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词called作后置定语。故填called。【18题详析】考查动词时态与语态。句意：这些化石于2019年在蒙古国被发现。本句主语Thefossils与动词discover之间是被动关系，且时间状语in2019表示过去，所以空处需用一般过去时的被动语态werediscovered。故填werediscovered。【19题详析】考查动词时态。句意：这一样本距今约1.08亿至1.15亿年，代表了一个新物种，并且可以帮助揭示这些生物的演化过程。本句主语Thesample为单数，且与动词represent之间是主动关系，结合下文“andcan”可知，此处应用一般现在时，所以空处需用动词的第三人称单数形式represents。故填represents。【20题详析】考查宾语从句。句意：这一样本距今约1.08亿至1.15亿年，代表了一个新物种，并且可以帮助揭示这些生物的演化过程。空处引导宾语从句，作短语throwlighton的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，所以空处需用连接副词how。故填how。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)AThePlantaformIndoorGardenisa26-inch-tallegg-shapedsmartgardenthatmakesgrowingfresh,organicvegetablessimple,allyearround.Withnoneedforsunlightorsoil,justaddwaterandnutrients,andthesystem’sautonomousfeaturestakecareoftherest—monitoringwaterlevels,temperature,andlighting,ensuringfreshfoodforhomewithlittleeffort.HowdoesthePlantaformwork?NutrientAbsorption:Bycreatinganutrient-richfogfromwaterandnutrients,thesystemdeliversessentialnutritiondirectlytotheplants’roots,resultinginhealthierandfaster-growingplants.Built-inTechnology:ThePlantaformisequippedwithsensorsthatmonitorkeyenvironmentalfactorssuchastemperature,fanspeed,andlightlevels.ThesmartLEDlightsinitcanimitate(模仿)naturalsunlight,ensuringyourplantsreceiveconsistentlightingevenduringthedarkestwintermonths,regardlessofoutdoorconditions.App-controlled:YoucanmanageasmanyPlantaformIndoorGardensasyouwishfromthesamePlantaformAccount.Whetherathomeorinaworkplace,youcancontrolallyourgardensconvenientlywithintheapp,andreceivetailorednotifications:whenit’stimetoremovetheprotectivecovertoallowyouryoungplantstogrowintheopenair.whenit’stimetorefillthewatertanks,ensuringyourplantsalwayshaveenoughwater.whenyourplantsarereadytobeharvested,soyoucanenjoyfreshproduceatitspeak.whenit’stimetorunaQuickCleaningCycleaftereachgrowthcycleends.Ifyouhavefurtherquestions,pleasefeelfreetoreachouttousatsupport@.We’reheretohelpyougrowwithconfidenceandsuccess!21.WiththePlantaform,userscan.A.operateasoil-basedgardenB.plantvegetablesonceayearC.harvestfoodwithhardworkD.growplantswithoutsunlight22.HowdoesthePlantaformwork?A.Itsendsnutritiontotheplants’roots.B.Itadjustslightingtooutdoorconditions.C.Itexaminestheplants’healthwithsensors.D.Itrequiresseparateaccountsforeachgarden.23.ThePlantaformappwillsendanotificationwhen.A.thewatertankistoofullB.theproduceisperfectlyripeC.aQuickCleaningCycleendsD.thegardenneedsmovingoutside【答案】21.D22.A23.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款蛋形智能室内花园的功能、工作原理及配套应用的便捷服务。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Withnoneedforsunlightorsoil,justaddwaterandnutrients,andthesystem’sautonomousfeaturestakecareoftherest—monitoringwaterlevels,temperature,andlighting,ensuringfreshfoodforhomewithlittleeffort.(无需阳光和土壤，只需添加水和养分，该系统的自动功能便会接手其余工作——监测水位、温度和光照，从而轻松为家庭提供新鲜食物)”可知，用户使用该设备种植植物时不需要阳光。故选D项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据HowdoesthePlantaformwork?部分的“NutrientAbsorption:Bycreatinganutrient-richfogfromwaterandnutrients,thesystemdeliversessentialnutritiondirectlytotheplants’roots,resultinginhealthierandfaster-growingplants.(营养吸收：通过将水和营养物质混合形成富含营养的“雾气”，该系统能将必需的营养直接输送至植物的根部，从而使植物更加健康、生长速度更快)”可知，这款设备的工作原理之一是为植物根部输送营养。故选A项。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据App-controlled部分的通知清单中的“Whetherathomeorinaworkplace,youcancontrolallyourgardensconvenientlywithintheapp,andreceivetailorednotifications(无论在家中还是在工作场所，你都能在这款应用里便捷地操控所有的智能花园，还能接收个性化的通知提醒)”以及根据“whenyourplantsarereadytobeharvested,soyoucanenjoyfreshproduceatitspeak.(当你的植物可以收获时，让你能享用处于最佳状态的新鲜农产品)”可知，当种植的作物完全成熟时，应用会发送通知。故选B项。BLikemanyparents,wecanonlyputoffourkids’askingforadogsolonguntilwefinallygivein.Lastfallwelookedthroughdog-rescuewebsitesand,beforelong,adoptedEtti,aspottedDalmatian:ItwasroughatfirstbecausealthoughEttiisasweet,lovingdogwithus,she’shighlyreactivetoanythingelsethatmoves:people,dogs,cats,etc.Thankfully,we’vefoundanexcellenttrainer.OnachallengingtrainingsessionduringwhichIbecamefrustrated,hesaid:“Sir,youdon’tgetthedogyouwant.Yougetthedogyouneed.”Irememberthinkingtomyself,“Need?DoIreallyneedananxious,high-strungDalmatian?”Infact,thelastthingIneededwasmorestressinmyalreadystress-filledlife.Yet,overtime,I’vecometoappreciatethewisdomofthisexpression.WhenItookEttionawalktheotherday,mywholebodytensedup,scanningtheenvironmentforpossibledanger.Anunsuspectingpasser-bycrossedthestreettowardusandEttibarkedloudly.Isaidtoher,“You’resoworkeduptoday,Etti.What’sgoingon?”AndthenithitmethatthroughoutourwalkI’dbeentheonewhowastenseandworriedaboutthedayahead.Intheend,maybeEttiwasjustactingoutwhatIwasfeeling,servingasagoodreminderthatIneedtopayattentiontomymoodsandhowtheyaffectthose—bothdogsandhumans—aroundme.AnothernotablethingaboutEttiistheeasewithwhichsheshiftsfromonemoodtothenext.Ettidoesn’tkeepthinkingaboutwhathappenedlastweek,yesterday,oreventwominutesago.Eachmomentforherisanew“now”.Thisisn’ttosaythatshe’snotaffectedbyherpast.Ettiisarescuesowhoknowswhatshehadtodealwithinherpreviouslife.However,shedoesnotletitdragherdownanddeterminewhatcomesnext,unlikemostofushumans.WhenwewereconsideringadoptingEttilastfall,wereadthroughherdescriptionontherescuesiteandgotagoodlaughatthestatementthatshewouldneedhelp“beingthebestdogshecanbe.”Yet,wehadneverthoughtthatshewasactuallytheonethatguidedustobethebetterhumans.24.WhatbotheredtheauthorshortlyafteradoptingEtti?A.Etti’shistoryasarescue.B.Etti’ssensitivitytomovingthings.C.Etti’sneedforprofessionaltraining.D.Etti’sinabilitytogetalongwiththefamily.25.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponhearingthetrainer’swords?A.Empowered. B.Hopeless.C.Appreciative. D.Unconvinced.26.WhatdoesthestorytellusaboutEtti?A.Shegotmoodyeasilyafterreceivingtraining.B.Sheremindedherownertocareaboutothers.C.Shemirroredherowner’sinneremotionalstate.D.Shewasfreefromtheimpactofherpastexperience.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Everydoghasitsday.B.Loveme,lovemydog.C.Misfortunebetterscharacter.D.Withunexpectedwisdom,werise.【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者收养救援犬Etti后的经历，以及这只狗带给作者的意外成长与感悟。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ItwasroughatfirstbecausealthoughEttiisasweet,lovingdogwithus,she’shighlyreactivetoanythingelsethatmoves:people,dogs,cats,etc.(一开始的日子很艰难，因为尽管埃蒂对我们温顺又黏人，但她对任何移动的物体都会表现出强烈的反应：比如人、狗、猫等等)”可知，作者刚收养Etti时，困扰作者的是Etti对移动物体的高度敏感。故选B项。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段训练师的话“Sir,youdon’tgetthedogyouwant.Yougetthedogyouneed.(先生，你得到的不是你想要的狗，而是你需要的狗)以及第三段作者的内心想法“Need?DoIreallyneedananxious,high-strungDalmatian?Infact,thelastthingIneededwasmorestressinmyalreadystress-filledlife.(需要？我真的需要一只焦虑又紧张的斑点犬吗？事实上，我最不需要的就是在本就充满压力的生活里，再多添一份压力)”可知，作者听到这句话时并不信服。故选D项。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“AndthenithitmethatthroughoutourwalkI’dbeentheonewhowastenseandworriedaboutthedayahead.Intheend,maybeEttiwasjustactingoutwhatIwasfeeling(我突然意识到，散步全程都是我自己在紧张，在为接下来的一天忧心忡忡。或许，埃蒂不过是把我的情绪表现了出来)”可知，Etti会映照主人内心的情绪状态。故选C项。【27题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，作者最初收养Etti满心困扰，却在相处中发现这只狗不仅映照出自己的情绪，还教会自己活在当下、不被过往束缚的道理，文末提到“Yet,wehadneverthoughtthatshewasactuallytheonethatguidedustobethebetterhumans.(然而，我们从未想过，竟是她指引着我们成为更好的人)”，所以从文章中学到了“意想不到的智慧，助我们成长”。故选D项。CWhat’sthefirstthingyounoticewhenyoustepintoamuseum?Isitthelong-fadedcolorsofancientobjectsfromallaroundtheworldorthewhisperedsoundsofvisitorsdiscussingwhattheysee?Museumsallowustoindirectly“experience”thepastbytappingintoourprimarysenses,suchassightorhearing,butmoreoftenthannot,smellismissing.Wedon’tthinkaboutsmellwhenstudyingthepast.Oneoftheproblemsisthatitisincrediblyhardtostudy.Thescents(香味)andsmellshadalreadybeengonebeforearchaeologists(考古学家)couldcomeandstudythesites.“Newchemicalandbiomolecular(生物分子)methodsinarchaeologyhavekindofreopenedthedoortocontinuetostudythesethings.Ofcourse,whatwehavefromancienttextscanalsohelpalot,”saysBarbaraHuber,anarchaeochemistfromGermany.“Whenwedofindallthesedetails,theycanenrichourunderstandingofalotofaspectsofpastwaysoflife,includingmedicine,tradeandsocialstatus.”Inthestudyofancientmaterials,thestudyoftradeandtheincenseroadwasalwaysaninterestingpointforresearchers.Buttheproblemisthattheincenseroadwasoftenlookedatfromtheperspectiveofclassicalscholars—namelytextsfromancientGreeceorancientRome.Fromtheverybeginning,thestoryoftheincenseroadwastoldbyoutsiders,whowerealsonotcontemporary.“Wedon’thaveanyevidencefromtheearlierperiods,theIronAgeandtheBronzeAgeinancientArabia,”Hubersays.“Soitwasveryinterestingtotrackdownmolecularremainsthatcantellusalotaboutancientmaterials.Inonecasestudy,HuberandherteamlookedatthecontentofincenseburnersandfoundPeganum—amedicinalandpsychoactiveplant.Theyrealizedthatintheseincenseburners,specifically,peopleactuallyuseditformedicinalorpsychoactivepurposes.Thiswasinterestingbecausethepracticeofincenseburningseemstonotonlybesensorialbutalsohavethismedicinalcomponent.Thestudyrevealedsomethingwherewehadabsolutelynoidea:medicinalpracticesinancientArabia.We,allofasudden,hadanideaofhowpeopleusedtheirlocalpharmacopoeia—thedocumentofmedicinalingredientsissuedbythegovernmentfortreatingillnesses;inthiscase,theyburnedPeganumandthenprobablybreathedthesmoke—notjustappliedittotheskinordrankit.Thepracticeofburningincenseisstillpartofpeople’slivestoday,butitgoesallthewayback.Andifwefollowittotherootsofwhereitbegan,historyisn’tsomethingthatweonlysee.28.WhydoestheauthorraisetwoquestionsinParagraph1?A.Tostressaprejudice.B.Tocomparephenomena.C.Torevealalimitation.D.Tointroduceanexperience.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Incenseremainshelpedidentifyancientmedicinalpractices.B.Sensorialpurposesofincenseburningusedtobeoverlooked.C.Theuseofmedicinalincenseneededapprovalfromgovernment.D.Thetradeontheincenseroadwaswitnessedbyclassicalscholars.30.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whysmellsareabsentwhenwestudythepast.B.Howarchaeologistsscentoutsmellsofthepast.C.Howwecanbringlong-lostsmellsintomodernlife.D.Whychallengesariseinthestudyofhistoricalsmells.【答案】28.C29.A30.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍考古学家借助化学与生物分子方法，研究古代气味以还原古人生活风貌。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“What’sthefirstthingyounoticewhenyoustepintoamuseum?Isitthelong-fadedcolorsofancientobjectsfromallaroundtheworldorthewhisperedsoundsofvisitorsdiscussingwhattheysee?Museumsallowustoindirectly“experience”thepastbytappingintoourprimarysenses,suchassightorhearing,butmoreoftenthannot,smellismissing.(当你走进博物馆时，最先注意到的是什么？是来自世界各地的古老物件那早已褪去的色彩，还是参观者们低声讨论所见之物的声音？博物馆让我们能够通过视觉、听觉等主要感官间接“体验”过去，但气味往往是缺失的。)”可知，作者开篇提出两个问题，是为了引出博物馆体验中嗅觉的缺失这一局限，从而自然切入文章主题。故选C项。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Inonecasestudy,HuberandherteamlookedatthecontentofincenseburnersandfoundPeganum—amedicinalandpsychoactiveplant.Theyrealizedthatintheseincenseburners,specifically,peopleactuallyuseditformedicinalorpsychoactivepurposes.Thiswasinterestingbecausethepracticeofincenseburningseemstonotonlybesensorialbutalsohavethismedicinalcomponent.Thestudyrevealedsomethingwherewehadabsolutelynoidea:medicinalpracticesinancientArabia.(在一项案例研究中，胡贝尔及其团队对香炉内的残留物进行了分析，发现了骆驼蓬——一种兼具药用价值与精神活性的植物。他们意识到，在这些特定的香炉中，人们实际上是将这种植物用于药用或精神活性方面的用途。这一发现十分有意思，因为焚香之举似乎不仅是为了获得感官上的享受，还兼具药用功效。该研究揭示了一项我们此前完全一无所知的内容：古代阿拉伯地区的医药实践。)”可知，香炉残留物帮助人们发现了古代阿拉伯的药用习俗。故选A项。【30题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇指出研究历史时嗅觉维度的缺失，接着介绍考古化学家用新的分子技术研究古代气味，再以香炉残留物的研究案例说明该技术如何还原古代药用焚香的习俗，整体围绕考古学家如何探寻古代气味展开。因此，B项“考古学家如何探寻过去的气味”最能概括全文主旨。故选B项。DNearly2millionyearsago,oneofourancestorsdevelopedbonecancerintheirfoot.Thefateofthisindividualisunknown,butthefossilisedremainsleavenodoubtthatcancerhasbeenapartofourstoryforaverylongtime.Butthesecancercellsweren’ttheonlyinternalthreatourancestorsfaced.Theirsurvivalwasalsothreatenedbyindividualsattemptingtounderminethegroup.Attheheartofthestoryisthisquestion:ishumannatureselfishoraltruistic,competitiveorcooperative?Theanswerhasprofoundimplicationsforhowweaimtostructuresociety.Ifwearebornaltruists,theninstitutionsareunnecessary.Butifselfishnessdominates,strongcontrolisessential.Inthelanguageofevolutionarybiology,wehaveacooperationdilemma:therearesituationswhereitisinourinterest,toworkwithothers,andtherearesituationswhereitisnot.Asaresult,visiblerivalry(竞争)wasreplacedbywhatIcall“invisiblerivalry”—theabilitytohideselfish,competitiveintentionswhilemaintainingtheappearanceofacooperativenature.Inotherwords,weevolvedtocompeteinacooperativeworld.Thisiswheretheanalogy(类比)withcancerarises.Humanity’slonghistoryoflivingwiththediseasemeanswehaveevolvedbiologicalmechanismstoreducetheriskitposes.Manyreactionsatthecellularlevelevolvedtohelpourbodiesfightoffcancers.Itisthisstrongimmunesystemthatexplainswhy,althoughwearefrequentlyexposedtoviruses,theseoftendon’tleadtoillness.Similarly,thethreatstooursocialgroupsposedbytheevolutionofinvisiblerivalryledustodeveloppracticesandinstitutionstomaximizecooperation.Icallthisourculturalimmunesystem.However,justascancersfindwaystoescapefromourimmunesystems,someindividualsusetheirintelligencetodestabilizethegroup’ssocialnormsfortheirownbenefit.Tofighttheenemy,wecanboosttheculturalimmunesystem,muchlikehowwecanimproveourbiologicalimmunesystemsthroughhealthylifestylesandvaccination.Butthisisn’tgoingtohappenuntilwefirstrecognizetheproblemthatinvisiblerivalryposes.Inmyview,thebestwayisthrougheducation.Weareallpartoftheculturalimmunesystem.Ifweunderstandourevolutionaryheritage,wewillbeopen-eyedtothedangerthatfreeloadersposetosocietyandplaceourtrustmoreclear-sightedly—muchasthebody’sdefencesystemlearnstorecognizetheagentsassociatedwithcancerstodealwiththem.Wemustworktogethertostayonestepaheadofhumanity’sopportunisticnature.Withoutbeliefs,normsandaproperunderstandingofhumannature,weareatthemercyofourselfishbiologicalheritage.Evolutionhasmadeusthiswaybutwecanlearntoovercomeit.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Far-sighted. B.Humane.C.Self-interested. D.Adaptable.32.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheculturalimmunesystem?A.Itcontributestohumanity’scompetitivenessB.Humandishonestyissaidtobeitsbyproduct.C.Internalthreatsinsocietycannotescapefromit.D.Itcanbeimprovedthroughenhancingcooperation.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Theminority’sselfishnessdoesn’tmeancancersforsocietyB.Itishardtomaintaintheappearanceofacooperativenature.C.WeneedagreeonthefactthatinvisiblerivalrybringsharmD.Thestabilityofsocietyliesinhumanity’sopportunisticnature.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheCureforSocialIllsB.TheMercyofHumanityC.TheValueinInstitutionsD.TheRootofInvisibleRivalry【答案】31.B32.D33.C34.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨人性的利己与利他之争，并类比生物免疫系统提出文化免疫系统概念以应对群体内的隐形竞争。【31题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“ishumannatureselfishoraltruistic,competitiveorcooperative?(人性是自私的还是altruistic的，是竞争性的还是合作性的？)”可知，划线词与selfish（自私的）构成反义并列，与cooperative（合作的）构成近义并列。所以划线的意思是“利他的；仁慈的”，与humane同义。故选B项。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Similarly,thethreatstooursocialgroupsposedbytheevolutionofinvisiblerivalryledustodeveloppracticesandinstitutionstomaximizecooperation.Icallthisourculturalimmunesystem.(同样地，随着无形竞争的不断演变，对我们的社会群体构成的威胁促使我们建立起各种实践和制度，以实现最大程度的合作。我将此称为我们的文化免疫系统)”以及第四段中的“Tofighttheenemy,wecanboosttheculturalimmunesystem,muchlikehowwecanimproveourbiologicalimmunesystemsthroughhealthylifestylesandvaccination.(为了对抗这一威胁，我们可以增强文化免疫系统，就像我们通过健康生活方式和接种疫苗来增强生物免疫系统一样)”可推知，文化免疫系统的核心是最大化合作，增强合作能提升该系统的效能。故选D项。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Butthisisn’tgoingtohappenuntilwefirstrecognizetheproblemthatinvisiblerivalryposes.(但在我们首先认清隐形竞争带来的问题之前，这一切都不会发生)”可知，我们需要达成共识，承认隐形竞争会对社会造成危害。故选C项。【34题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章围绕“人性的隐形竞争”这一社会问题展开，类比生物免疫系统提出“文化免疫系统”的解决方案，并指出教育是强化该系统的关键路径，核心是探讨解决社会弊病的方法。所以最佳标题为“社会弊病的解决之道（TheCureforSocialIlls）”。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)Formostofus,frisson,anintenseemotionalpleasureaccompaniedbytearsandgoosebumps(鸡皮疙瘩),issomethingthathappensunexpectedlyandrarely.Butwhatiftherewasawayyoucouldexperiencethisfeelingmore?Theanswermaylieintheartof”slowlooking“.Slowlookingistheactofobservinganartworkforanextendedperiodoftime.Thatcouldbeanuninterruptedfiveminutes,anhour,orevenanentireday.____35____However,slowlookingextendsbeyondagallerysetting.It’ssimilartomeditation(冥想),butit’snotlimitedtokeepingusfocusedonthebreathandclosedeyes.____36____Inmanyways,itistheartofsimplynoticing,withoutdistractions,andwithoutgivingintotheurgetomakeita“productive”activity.Sohowtotryslowlooking?Itmighttakesometimetogetusedto.____37____.Whetherit’sobservingaworkofart,gardening,staringoutthewindowduringyournexttrainjourney,birdwatching,orpausingduringawoodlandwalktoobservetheplantlifearoundyou,therearecountlesswaystoslowlookeveryday.____38____Whenweslowdown,the“restanddigest”modeofournervoussystemrisesup.Thisrelaxationofmindcreatesspacefornewthoughtsandfeelingstosurface.Thisiswhenwemightstarttonoticesmallthingsinourenvironment.____39____Wesimplynotice.Webecomethewitness,causingasmallyetprofoundshiftthatsupportsreducedanxiety,andimprovedoverallwell-being.A.Slowlookingoffersvaluablementalbenefits.B.Butit’ssomethingwecouldstartaddingtoourdailylife.C.Certainkindsofartmaybebettersuitedforslowlookingthanothers.D.Expertsrecommendgoingtoanartexhibitionwhentherearefewerpeople.E.Itisbasedontheideathattounderstandanartwork,youneedtospendtimewithit.F.Instead,ittakesusoutintothesensoryworldinwhichlightshiftsandwindwhispers.G.Forexample,leavesdancinginthewindandthewingbeatsofabirdpassingoverheadrevealthemselves.【答案】35.E36.F37.B38.A39.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“慢观”这一方法可以让人更频繁地体验到强烈愉悦感展开，介绍了慢观的定义、适用场景、实践方法以及能带来的精神层面的益处。【35题详析】根据上文“Slowlookingistheactofobservinganartworkforanextendedperiodoftime.Thatcouldbeanuninterruptedfiveminutes,anhour,orevenanentireday.(慢观是指对一件艺术品进行长时间的观察，时长可以是不间断的五分钟、一小时甚至一整天)”可知，此空需要进一步阐释慢观的核心理念。E选项“Itisbasedontheideathattounderstandanartwork,youneedtospend