新人教版八年级下册英语Unit3知识点总结加单元练习

同学们，Unit3的学习之旅结束了。这个单元我们围绕“帮助做家务”这一贴近生活的主题展开，不仅学习了相关的词汇和表达，更重要的是掌握了如何礼貌地提出请求、提供帮助以及谈论日常家务。下面，我们就来系统梳理本单元的核心知识点，并通过练习加以巩固，让知识真正为我所用。一、核心词汇梳理词汇是语言的基石，本单元的词汇围绕“家务劳动”和“互助”展开，我们一起来回顾和拓展：1.家务劳动万花筒：*`chore`(n.)杂务；乏味的工作(泛指各种零星的家务)*`housework`(n.)家务劳动(泛指所有家务的总称，不可数)*`sweep`(v.)扫；打扫(`sweepthefloor`扫地)*`fold`(v.)折叠；对折(`foldtheclothes`叠衣服)*`dothedishes`洗餐具(`dish`可作可数名词“盘子”)*`takeouttherubbish`倒垃圾(`rubbish`不可数名词，=`trash`(美))*`makethebed`铺床*`cleanthelivingroom`打扫客厅*`watertheplants`浇花*`washthecar`洗车*`iron`(v.)熨烫(`irontheshirts`熨衬衫)*`mop`(v.)用拖把拖洗；擦(`mopthefloor`拖地)2.行动与协助：*`helpout`(withsth.)帮助解决难题；分担工作*`provide`(v.)提供(`providesth.forsb.`/`providesb.withsth.`)*`dependon`依靠；信赖*`develop`(v.)发展；壮大；养成(习惯等)*`neighbor`(n.)邻居(`neighborhood`n.街区；街坊)3.情感与态度：*`stress`(n.)压力(`understress`处于压力之下)*`waste`(n./v.)浪费；废弃物(`awasteoftime`浪费时间)*`ill`(adj.)生病的；不舒服的*`since`(conj.)因为；既然(表示显而易见的原因)温馨提示：对于动词短语，一定要结合具体的动作和场景记忆，不要孤立地背诵。二、重点句型与语法精析本单元的句型和语法点紧密围绕“请求、允许与提供帮助”展开，实用性极强。1.情态动词`could`的妙用——委婉请求与许可*提出委婉请求(向对方请求做某事)：`Couldyouplease...?`(你能……吗？)*例句：`Couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?`(你能把垃圾倒了吗？)`Couldyoupleasehelpmewithmyhomework?`(你能帮我辅导一下作业吗？)*回应：*请求允许(自己想做某事，征求对方许可)：`CouldI...?`(我能……吗？)`Mum,couldIgooutwithmyfriendstonight?`(妈妈，我今晚能和朋友出去吗？)*回应：*肯定：`Yes,youcan./Sure.`*否定：`No,youcan't.Youhaveto...`(不，不行。你得……)小贴士：`could`在这里比`can`语气更加委婉、礼貌，非常适合日常交际。2.`make`与`let`的“使役”功能*`makesb.dosth.`(迫使/让某人做某事)*例句：`Mymommakesmecleanmyroomeveryweekend.`(我妈妈让我每个周末都打扫我的房间。)*注意：`make`后的不定式不带`to`。变为被动语态时，`to`要还原：`Iwasmadetocleanmyroomeveryweekend.`*`letsb.dosth.`(允许/让某人做某事)*例句：`MydadletsmewatchTVforanhourafterfinishinghomework.`(我爸爸允许我做完作业后看一个小时电视。)*注意：`let`后的不定式也不带`to`，且一般不用于被动语态。3.`help`的常用结构*`help(sb.)withsth.`(在某方面帮助某人)*例句：`Ioftenhelpmymomwiththehousework.`(我经常帮妈妈做家务。)*`help(sb.)(to)dosth.`(帮助某人做某事)*例句：`Hehelpsme(to)studyEnglish.`(他帮我学英语。)(不定式符号`to`可省略)4.谈论日常事务的表达*`Ihaveto...`(我必须/不得不……)(客观上的要求)*例句：`Ihavetogetupearlytomorrow.`(我明天必须早起。)*`Ineedto...`(我需要……)*例句：`Ineedtobuysomemilk.`(我需要买些牛奶。)*`Whydon'tyou...?`/`Whynot...?`(提出建议：为什么不……呢？)*例句：`Whydon'tyouaskyourbrotherforhelp?`=`Whynotaskyourbrotherforhelp?`(你为什么不向你哥哥求助呢？)三、单元话题写作指导：谈论家务分工本单元的写作常围绕“是否应该做家务”、“如何分配家务”等话题展开。写这类文章时，可以：1.开门见山：表明自己对做家务的看法或引出话题。2.具体阐述：*自己常做的家务：`Iusuallysweepthefloorandtakeouttherubbishafterdinner.Onweekends,Ioftenhelpmymomcleanthelivingroom.`*家人做的家务：`Mydadusuallywashesthecarandmowsthelawn.Mymomdoesmostofthecookingandwashingclothes.`*做家务的理由/好处：`Doingchoresteachesmeresponsibility.Italsohelpsmeunderstandhowhardmyparentswork.`/`Sharinghouseworkmakesourhomecleanerandmoreharmonious.`3.总结观点或提出建议：*例如：`Ibelievethateveryoneshoulddotheirpartinkeepingthehousetidy.It'snotjustoneperson'sjob.`四、单元综合能力检测(单元练习)I.词汇运用(Vocabulary)A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1.Couldyoupleasef______yourclothes?Theyareonthesofa.2.Mybrotherusuallys______theflooreverymorning.3.It'syourturntodothed______afterdinner.4.Don'tw______water.Turnoffthetapwhenyoubrushyourteeth.5.Doingchoreshelpstod______children'sindependence.B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6.Couldyoupleasehelpme______(clean)theclassroom?7.Mymotheroftenmakesme______(practice)thepianoforanhour.8.Let's______(go)totheparkthisafternoon.9.Heneeds______(finish)hishomeworkfirst.10.Wouldyoumind______(open)thewindow?It'sabithothere.(拓展：minddoingsth.)II.单项选择(MultipleChoice)()1.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—______.A.Yes,youcouldB.No,youcouldn'tC.Sure,hereyouareD.Idon'tknow()2.Myparentsalwaysletme______myowndecisions.A.tomakeB.makingC.makeD.made()3.—Couldyoupleasenottalkloudlyhere?—______.I'llkeepquiet.A.Yes,IdoB.Sorry,Iwon'tC.No,Idon'tD.Notatall()4.Sheoftenhelpshermom______thecooking.A.withB.toC.forD.in()5.Why______askyourteacherforhelpwhenyouareintrouble?A.don'tB.notC.nottoD.youdon'tIII.句型转换(SentenceTransformation)1.Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor?(改为否定句)Couldyouplease____________thefloor?2.Mymothermakesmecleantheroomeveryday.(改为被动语态，提示：bemadetodo)I__________________cleantheroomeverydaybymymother.3.Hehastodohishomeworknow.(改为一般疑问句)______he______todohishomeworknow?4.Let'sgoshoppingthisweekend.(改为同义句)____________goshoppingthisweekend?5.Ioftenhelpmyparentswithhousework.(对划线部分提问)____________youoftenhelpyourparents______?根据对话内容，从方框内选择适当的句子补全对话(其中有两项多余)。A:Hi,Tom.1.______B:I'mhelpingmymomcleanthehouse.B:3.______Ihavealotofworktodo.A:Whatapity!4.______B:Maybeinanhour.5.______B:Thankyou.A.Whatareyoudoing?B.I'msorryIcan't.C.Whenwillyoubefree?D.I'mwatchingTV.E.Thatsoundsboring.F.I'llfinishmyworkassoonaspossible.G.Youaresobusy.1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______V.书面表达(Writing)假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter来信询问你平时是否做家务，以及你对青少年做家务的看法。请你根据以下提示给他回一封邮件。提示：1.你是否经常做家务？做哪些家务？2.你父母对你做家务的态度。3.你认为青少年做家务有什么好处？(至少两点)要求：80词左右，条理清晰，语句通顺，邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearPeter,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whataboutyou?Doyoudochoresathome?Yours,LiHua---参考答案及解析（部分）：I.词汇运用A)1.fold2.sweeps3.dishes4.waste5.developB)6.(to)clean7.practice8.go9.tofinish10.openingII.单项选择1.C(Could提问表委婉，肯定回答用can,但口语中常用Sure/Ofcourse等)2.C(letsb.dosth.)3.B(对于Couldyoupleasenot...?的否定回答，用Sorry,Iwon't.)4.A(helpsb.withsth.)5.B(Whynot+动词原形...?