血液净化护理研究

如何开展护理科学研究

护理研究护理研究的概念是指用科学的方法反复地探索、回答和解决护理领域的问题，直接或间接地指导护理实践的过程。护理研究的范畴与人的健康有关的问题，与护理专业发展有关的问题Nursingcontext,nursingprocess,andnursingoutcomeNursevariables,patientvariables,situationvariables,nursebehaviors,andchangesinhealthstatus护理研究的步骤形成问题阶段设计计划阶段执行阶段分析阶段交流阶段护理研究的步骤Theconceptualphase（形成问题阶段）Reviewingtherelatedliterature（回顾相关文献）Formulatinganddelimitingtheproblem（形成问题并局限化）Undertakingclinicalfieldwork（结合临床实践）Definingtheframeworkanddevelopingconceptualdefinition（形成概念框架）Formulatinghypothese（形成假设）选题护理研究的步骤Thedesignandplanningphase（设计计划阶段）Selectingaresearchdesign（选择研究设计）Developingprotocolsfortheintervention（制订干预措施）Identifyingthepopulationtobestudied（确定研究人群）Designingthesamplingplan（设计抽样方法）Specifyingmethodstomeasuretheresearchvariables

（确定测量研究变量的方法）Developingmethodsforsafeguardinghuman/animalrights

（制订保护人/动物权的方案）Finalizingandreviewingtheresearchplan（进行预试验）护理研究的步骤Theempiricalphase（执行阶段）Collectingthedata（收集资料）Preparingthedataforanalysis（整理资料）Theanalyticphase（分析阶段）Analyzingthedata（分析资料）Interpretingtheresults（解释结果）TheDisseminationphase（交流阶段）Communicatingthefindings（交流发现）Utilizingthefindingsinpractice（在实践中应用研究发现）如何开展护理科研工作组织层面营造从事科学研究的氛围提供从事科学研究的条件（如人员配备和培训、信息资源、仪器设备、经费等）拓展申报课题的渠道和来源鼓励激励机制个人层面培养科学研究的意识和兴趣储备从事科学研究的知识和能力结合本职工作积极开展科研实践选题题目来源护理实践（个人经验）现有的理论文献（杂志、书籍）其他（会议、专家、组织/国家政策）方向的寻找当地医疗卫生需求和医疗卫生政策导向分析目前研究热点，预测可能的方向专家、同行经验性分析和认识国际、国外研究的热点和方向选题选题的原则创新性/创造性/先进性方向性科学性实用性可行性效用性/效益性护理研究现状与发展趋势目前和今后护理研究的方向(PolitandBeck,2011)ContinuedfocusonEBPDevelopmentofastrongerevidencebasethroughmultiple,confirmatorystrategiesGreateremphasisonsystematicreviewsExpandedlocalresearchinhealthcaresettingsStrengtheningofinterdisciplinarycollaborationExpandeddisseminationofresearchfindingsIncreasingthevisibilityofnursingresearchIncreasedfocusonculturalissuesandhealthdisparitiesShareddecisionmaking护理研究现状与发展趋势目前和今后护理研究的方向(PolitandBeck,2011)NINR’s2010budgetrequestPromotinghealthandpreventingdiseaseSymptommanagement,self-management,andcaregivingEnd-of-liferesearchNationalMagnetresearchagendaClinicaloutcomes(e.g.,errorsandadverseevents),practiceenvironmentissues(e.g.,failuretorescue),satisfaction(e.g.,patientsatisfactionwithpainmanagement),andhumanresourceissues(e.g.,nursingstaffadequacy)目前血液净化领域的护理研究举例血液净化相关并发症的护理横断面调查老年维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢紊乱情况及影响因素血液透析患者透析间期体质量增长过多的影响因素及护理对策血液透析患者导管相关性血流感染影响因素分析FactorsassociatedwithcomplicationsofvascularaccesssiteinhemodialysispatientsinIsfahanAliasgharhospital干预性研究饮食干预对腹膜透析患者营养状况的影响（自身前后对照的类实验研究）老年糖尿病患者血液透析中低血压的循证护理（循证，RCT）低磷饮食干预对肾衰竭血液透析病人营养状况、心理状况、血磷、血糖管理的影响ImplementationofacontinuousqualityimprovementprogramreducestheoccurrenceofperitonitisinPD目前血液净化领域的研究举例患者的生理、心理、社会状况及生活质量方面横断面调查血液透析患者创伤后成长与心理弹性及反刍性沉思的相关性分析维持性血液透析患者症状经历的调查研究DepressiveSymptoms,PatientSatisfaction,andQualityofLifeOverTimeinAutomatedandContinuousAmbulatoryPeritonealDialysisPatientsTheEffectofDepressioninChronicHemodialysisPatientsonInpatientHospitalizationOutcomes干预性研究Improvingdistressindialysis(iDiD):afeasibilitytwo-armparallelrandomizedcontrolledtrialofanonlinecognitivebehavioraltherapyinterventionwithandwithouttherapist-ledtelephonesupportforpsychologicaldistressinpatientsundergoinghemodialysis.计划性锻炼改善血液透析患者运动机能、心理状态及生活质量的护理研究Sleephygienetrainingprogramforpatientsonhemodialysis系统评价AnxiolyticEffectsofMusicInterventionsinPatientsReceivingIncenterHemodialysis:ASystematicReviewandMeta-AnalysisDopsychologicalinterventionsreducedepressioninhemodialysispatients?Ameta-analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsfollowingPRISMA质性研究生命末期老年血液透析患者对濒死状态的感知和体验的质性研究Patients’experiencesofsafetyduringhemodialysistreatment–aqualitativestudyHowdoThaipatientsreceivinghemodialysiscopewithpain?Patients'perceptionofcomfortfacilitatorsduringhemodialysisprocedure:aqualitativestudy目前血液净化领域的研究举例自我管理工具引进与开发血液透析患者自我管理量表的引进及信效度检测（量表引进、文化调试、信效度检验）HealthBeliefsRelatedtoSalt-RestrictedDietinPatientsonHemodialysis:PsychometricEvaluationoftheTurkishVersionoftheBeliefsAboutDietaryComplianceScale横断面调查血液透析患者心理控制源与自我管理行为的相关性研究持续非卧床腹膜透析患者容量管理现状及影响因素Depressivesymptomseverity,contributingfactorsandself-managementamongchronicdialysispatientsFactorsassociatedwithself-managementbypeopleundergoinghemodialysis:adescriptivestudy干预性研究延续护理对血液净化患者的自我管理效果研究EffectofaBehavioralSelf-RegulationInterventiononPatientAdherencetoFluid-IntakeRestrictionsinHemodialysis:aRandomizedControlledTrial目前血液净化领域的研究举例家庭血液透析横断面调查SurveyofhomehemodialysispatientsandnursingstaffregardingvascularaccessuseandcareAninternationalfeasibilitystudyofhomehemodialysisinolderpatients质性研究IdentificationoffacilitatorsandbarrierstohomedialysisselectionbycanadianadultswithESRD（扎根理论）Patients‘andcarers’experiencesofinteractingwithhomehaemodialysistechnology:implicationsforqualityandsafety（现象学研究）综述BenefitsandImplementationofHomeHemodialysis:ANarrativeRe