2021湖南岳阳英语试卷+答案+解析

12021年岳阳市初中学业水平考试(满分:150分考试时间:120分钟)21222324252627282930CAABCBBBAC31323334353637383940CABBACAABB41424344454647484950FFTTFBCCCBⅠ.听力技能(共三部分,20小题,每小题1分,共20分,每段材料读两遍。)(略)Ⅱ.知识运用(共两部分,20小题。21~40小题,每小题1分,共20分)A)单项填空从A、B、C三个选项中选择一个最佳答案。21.(2021湖南岳阳,21)Tianwen1probe(探测器)sentfirstpictureofMarsbacktoChinainFebruary,2021.

A.a B.an C.the21.C本题考查冠词。序数词前须加定冠词the。故选C。22.(2021湖南岳阳,22)Mybestfriendandwerefixingupthebrokenmachinewhentherainstormcame.

A.I B.me C.mine22.A本题考查代词。and连接的两个部分作主语,代词须选用主格。选项B为宾格,选项C为名词性物主代词,意为“我的”,故选A。23.(2021湖南岳阳,23)Weseesomerisingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.

A.balloons B.balloon C.balloones23.A本题考查名词的数。balloon为可数名词,被some“一些”修饰时须变复数,直接加“s”,故选A。24.(2021湖南岳阳,24)heis72yearsold,hekeepsrunningeveryday.

A.Although;but B.Although;/ C.But;/24.B本题考查连词。although虽然,尽管;but但是,两者在句中不能同时使用。根据句意“虽然他已经72岁了,但他坚持每天跑步”可知选B。归纳总结受汉语思维影响,此题易错选A。初中阶段类似语法点的考查还有because和so,这二者在句中也不能同时使用。25.(2021湖南岳阳,25)HuaweiMate40isofthethreemobilephones.

A.expensiveB.moreexpensiveC.themostexpensive25.C本题考查形容词的比较等级。of后面所接范围为“三者”,三者或三者以上的比较,须使用最高级。故选C。审题技巧做这类题目时,审题是关键。读题时注意圈出题干中的关键词,以判定使用原级、比较级还是最高级,如此题应圈出“three”。26.(2021湖南岳阳,26)Itsimpolitetoanyonewithyourchopsticks.

A.lookat B.pointat C.arriveat26.B本题考查动词短语辨析。lookat看着,pointat指着,arriveat到达。此处指用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的,故选B。27.(2021湖南岳阳,27)Theblenderformakingabananamilkshakejustnow.

A.willbeused B.wasused C.isused27.B本题考查时态。根据justnow可知,事情已发生,时态为一般过去时,故选B。审题技巧做这类题目时,在题干中寻找时态标志词是关键。28.(2021湖南岳阳,28)Thesocialistnewcountryside(社会主义新农村)makesfarmerstheirlivingconditions.

A.toimprove B.improve C.improving28.B本题考查make的用法。make作使役动词,后接动词不定式作宾补时,不定式须省略to,即:makesb.dosth.使某人做某事,故选B。知识拓展当make这一用法出现在被动语态中时,须还原to,结构为sb.bemadetodosth.。29.(2021湖南岳阳,29)AlloftheclassmatespreferthesongShaoNian

A.thattheycansingalongwithB.whichcantheysingalongwithC.whotheycansingalongwith29.A本题考查定语从句。此空引导定语从句,其先行词thesongShaoNian指物,故关系词选择which或that,从句一般为陈述句语序,故选A。30.(2021湖南岳阳,30)—Canyougototheconcertwithme,Dad?—

A.Yourewelcome.B.Whatapity!C.Sure,Idloveto.30.C本题考查情景交际用语。A选项Yourewelcome.不用谢。B选项Whatapity!真遗憾!C选项Sure,Idloveto.当然,我很乐意!根据语境可知选择C。B)完形填空通读全文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Weallneedfood.Butwhenyoucantfinishyourmeal,howdoyou31?Youmightthinkthatwasting32foodisntabigdeal.ThetruthisthatpeopleinChinawaste35milliontonsoffoodeachyear.Itsnearlyonethirdoffoodwasteintheworld.Asweallknow,foodwastebecomesa33probleminChina.

Inorderto34foodwaste,thegovernmenthasstartedthe“CleanPlateCampaign(运动)”.Especiallyinrestaurants,wecansee35ofthe“CleanPlate”onthewall.Manyrestaurantsremindtheircustomersthattheyshouldnt36toomuchfood.AccordingtothelawpassedinApril,2021,iftherestaurantsalwaysmislead(误导)customerstoordertoomanydishes,theywillfaceafine(罚款).RestaurantsinWuhanhavebeguntheN-1system,whichmeansgroupsofcustomersaresupposedtoorderonefewerdishthanthenumberofpeopleinthegroup.Forexample,agroupof7peoplecanorder37dishesatmost.Mostrestaurantsprovidecustomerswithfreepackingboxes(打包盒),andcustomerscanuse38totaketheleftovers(剩饭剩菜)home.

Today,moreandmorepeoplestarttorealizetheimportanceof39food.Everyoneshouldplayapartinthe“CleanPlateCampaign”andsay40tofoodwaste.

31.A.smell B.taste C.feel32.A.alittle B.toomany C.muchtoo33.A.different B.serious C.safe34.A.cutup B.cutdown C.cutinto35.A.signs B.clocks C.tickets36.A.mix B.cook C.order37.A.6 B.7 C.838.A.them B.us C.you39.A.wasting B.saving C.eating40.A.yes B.no C.sorry本文是说明文。文章对浪费粮食这一现象以及其解决办法作了阐述,并在文章结尾提倡“每个人都应该在‘光盘行动中起作用,对食物浪费说‘不’。”31.C根据下句“Youmightthinkthat...”可知,此处是问你的感受和看法,故选C。32.Aalittle修饰不可数名词,意为“一点,少量”,toomany修饰可数名词,意为“太多”,muchtoo后接形容词,意为“太……;非常……”,设空后的food在此处为不可数名词,故选A。33.B根据上文得知,中国人每年浪费3500万吨食物,浪费的量占全世界近三分之一,由此可知食物浪费已经成为了一个非常严重的问题,故选B。34.B根据下文,政府启动“光盘行动”可知,此处表示“为了减少食物浪费”,cutup切碎,cutdown减少,cutinto打断,切入,故选B。35.A句意:尤其在餐馆,我们能在墙上看到“光盘”的标志。故选A。36.C根据下文“AccordingtothelawpassedinApril,2021,iftherestaurantsalwaysmisleadcustomerstoordertoomanydishes,theywillfaceafine.”可知,许多餐馆提醒顾客不要点太多食物,故选C。37.A根据上文对“N-1system”的解释可知,顾客点菜的数量应该比这群顾客的人数少一,所以如果顾客是7人,最多只能点6个菜,故选A。38.A根据上句“Mostrestaurantsprovidecustomerswithfreepackingboxes”得知设空处应该指代的是“打包盒”,故选A。39.B根据全文内容可知,此处指“越来越多的人开始认识到节约粮食的重要性”,故选B。40.B根据文章大意推断,设空所在句旨在呼吁大家参加“光盘行动”,对食物浪费说“不”,故选B。长难句RestaurantsinWuhanhavebeguntheN-1system,whichmeansgroupsofcustomersaresupposedtoorderonefewerdishthanthenumberofpeopleinthegroup.武汉的餐馆已经开始实行N-1制,这意味着一群顾客点菜的数量应该比他们的人数少一。本句为主从复合句。句子主干RestaurantsinWuhanhavebegun...,which引导的非限制性定语从句对先行词theN-1system进行补充说明。重点词汇wasten.&v.浪费;seriousadj.严重的;orderv.点(酒菜等)cutdown减少;accordingto按照;besupposedtodo应该做;providesb.withsth.为某人提供某物;playapartin参与;起作用词汇积累finen.罚款Ⅲ.阅读技能(共五部分,30小题。41~60小题,每小题2分;61~70小题,每小题1分;共50分)A)判断正误阅读下面的材料,判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。符合的填涂“T”,不符合的填涂“F”。(T=True,F=False)TheCommunistPartyofChina(theCPC,中国共产党)wasfounded(成立)in1921.Peoplearoundthecityhaveheldallkindsofactivitiestocelebratethe100thanniversary(纪念日).IntheCityArtMuseum,citizens(市民)showgreatinterestinhundredsofpaintingsaboutthehistoryoftheCPC.Theartshowhas3themesabouttheCPC.SomepaintingsdescribeChinesepeoplespoorandpainfullivesinthepast.SomeshowthattheCPCovercamedifficultiesandledChinesetobuildthePeoplesRepublicofChina(中华人民共和国).OtherstellcitizensaboutgreatchangesthathavetakenplaceinChinainthelast100years.Seeingthesepaintings,alotofcitizenshaveabetterunderstandingoftheCPCandfeelluckytoliveinnewChina.LiHuaenjoysallthepaintingsandsays,“ItsamazingthatChinahasprogressedinsucharapidway.”Besidesthepaintingshow,aspeechcompetitiongetstonsofattention.Tangtangtakespartinit.HesaysthattheCPChasgivenhimalotofchancestoachievehisChinadream—tobecomeanexcellentwriter.Asapartymember,hemakesanefforttoservepeoplewithoutthinkingabouthimself.Heoftensendsbookstothechildreninthemountainvillages.Healsowritesalotofbeautifulpoemsaboutourcountry.Hethinksthesepoemsarehisbestgiftstothe100thanniversary.Fromtheseactivities,wehaverealizedtherewouldbenoChinawithouttheCommunistParty.41.TheConmunistPartyofChinawasfounded90yearsago.42.CitizenscanseehundredsofpaintingsaboutthehistoryoftheCPCintheCityChineseMuseum.43.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepast100years.44.TangtangsChinadreamistobecomeanexcellentwriter.45.Tangtangraisesmoneyforthechildreninthemountainvillages.本文是记叙文。文章讲述了为庆祝建党100周年,人们举办了各种各样的活动,并着重介绍了党史绘画展和演讲比赛。41.F根据文中第一句“TheCommunistPartyofChinawasfoundedin1921.”得知,中国共产党在100年前成立了,故选F。42.F文中第二段介绍的博物馆为CityArtMuseum,而不是CityChineseMuseum,故选F。43.T根据文中第二段第五句“OtherstellcitizensaboutgreatchangesthathavetakenplaceinChinainthelast100years.”可知,在过去的100年里,中国发生了巨大的变化,故选T。44.T根据文中第三段第三句“HesaysthattheCPChasgivenhimalotofchancestoachievehisChinadream—tobecomeanexcellentwriter.”可知,他想成为一名优秀的作家,故选T。45.F文中第三段第五句“Heoftensendsbookstothechildreninthemountainvillages.”可知,他并不是筹钱给山村的孩子,故选F。重点词汇achievev.实现;realizev.认识到;withoutprep.没有hundredsof数以百计的;takeplace发生;takepartin参加;makeanefforttodo努力做词汇积累foundv.成立;overcomev.克服B)选择答案阅读下列材料,从A、B、C三个选项中,选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。(A)46.Fromthepicture,therubbishisdividedintokinds.

A.three B.four C.five47.Youcanthrowusedpaperintothebin.

A.harmfulrubbishB.otherrubbishC.recyclablerubbish(B)Live-streamingRooms直播间Live-streamersHeWeiWuMingMeiPingItemsTime8:30a.m.—10:00a.m.2:00p.m.—4:00p.m.7:00p.m.—8:30p.m.Prices￥150each￥280fortwo￥800for1kilo￥1999Introduc-tions·madeofXinjiangcotton·sizes:XS,S,M,L,XL·producedinYunnan·madebyhand·wificonnection·dryandwetseparation(干湿分离)48.WhatareLiNingT-shirtsmadeof?A.Wool(羊毛). B.Silk.C.Xinjiangcotton.49.Whoselive-streamingroomwillyougoifyouwanttobuyaHaierfridge?A.HeWeis.B.WuMings.C.MeiPings.50.HowmuchdoyouneedtopayfortwoLiNingT-shirtsandonekiloofPuertea?A.￥950. B.￥1080. C.￥1100.46.B根据图片可知,垃圾被分成了四类,故选B。47.C根据常识判断,usedpaper用过的纸张属于可回收垃圾,故选C。48.C观察表格,首先找到LiNing,位于第二列,然后在Introduction一行找到关键词“madeofXinjiangcotton”,故选C。49.C题干关键词“buyaHaierfridge”,观察表格,最后一列与之相关,所对应的为MeiPing的直播间,故选C。50.B询问两件李宁T恤和一公斤普洱茶的总价,观察表格第四行“价格”栏,两件李宁T恤价格为280元,一公斤普洱茶为800元,共计1080元,故选B。C)阅读表达阅读短文,根据短文内容,简要回答下列问题。HaveyouevertakentraditionalChinesemedicine?Doyoulikeitstaste?Somepeopledislikeitbecauseofitsbitter(苦的)taste,butmoreandmorepeoplearebecominginterestedintraditionalChinesemedicineforthereasonthatitsaneffectivewaytocure(治疗)illnesses.Forexample,ifyouhaveasorethroat,youcoulddrinkhotwaterwithGancao.ChinesepeoplehavebeenusingtraditionalChinesemedicineforcenturies.BeforethewesternmedicineappearedinChina,Chinesedoctorswenttothemountainstopickherbs(草药).ThentheymadetheherbsintoChinesemedicinesouptocurepatients.WhenwetalkaboutChinesemedicine,wealwaysthinkofLiShizhen,oneofthemostfamousdoctorsinancientChina.Heusedtotravelinthecountrysidewithabagofherbsandcurepatients.Hespent27yearswritingCompendiumofMaterialMedica(《本草纲目》).In2020,COVID-19(新型冠状病毒)hitChinaandmanyothercountries.Eversincethen,traditionalChinesemedicinehasplayedanimportantroleinthefightagainstCOVID-19.Itsreportedthat91.5%oftheCOVID-19patientsinChinareceivedthetraditionalChinesemedicinetreatment(治疗),anditworkedwellonmorethan90%ofthesepatients.InSeptember,2020,ZhangBoliwashonoredas“thePeoplesHero”forhiscontributions(贡献).ZhangsharedtheadvantagesoftraditionalChinesemedicinelikeLianhuaQingwenwithforeigndoctors.Inaword,traditionalChinesemedicineisthetreasureofChina.51.WhydosomepeopledisliketraditionalChinesemedicine?52.WhatdidChinesedoctorspickinthemountainsinancientChina?53.WhowroteCompendiumofMaterialMedica?54.WhenwasZhangBolihonoredas“thePeoplesHero”?55.DidthetraditionalChinesemedicineplayanimportantroleinthefightagainstCOVID-19?本文是说明文。文章对中国瑰宝——中药进行了介绍,尤其介绍了它在抗击新冠肺炎中的重要作用。51.Becauseofitsbittertaste.根据第一段第三句中“Somepeopledislikeitbecauseofitsbittertaste”可知答案。52.Herbs.根据第二段第二句“BeforethewesternmedicineappearedinChina,Chinesedoctorswenttothemountainstopickherbs.”可知,在古代,中国医生在山里采草药。53.LiShizhen.根据题干关键词“CompendiumofMaterialMedical”,在第二段中可搜索到答案为LiShizhen。54.InSeptember,2020.根据文中第三段第四句“InSeptember,2020,ZhangBoliwashonoredas‘thePeoplesHeroforhiscontributions.”可得知答案。55.Yes,itdid.根据文中第三段第二句中“traditionalChinesemedicinehasplayedanimportantroleinthefightagainstCOVID-19”可知答案。长难句Somepeopledislikeitbecauseofitsbittertaste,butmoreandmorepeoplearebecominginterestedintraditionalChinesemedicineforthereasonthatitsaneffectivewaytocureillnesses.有些人不喜欢它是因为它的苦味,但越来越多的人变得对中药感兴趣,因为它是一种有效的治疗疾病的方法。本句为并列复合句和主从复合句的组合句。but连接的是表转折含义的并列复合句,同时but引导的分句中又包含了一个由that引导的定语从句。重点词汇traditionaladj.传统的;patientn.病人;treasuren.珍宝usedtodo过去常常做;playanimportantrolein在……中起重要作用;workon对……起作用;share...with...和……分享词汇积累contributionn.贡献D)补全短文根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ChangeFlewUptotheMoonOnceuponatime,therelivedastrongyoungmanHouYiandhisbeautifulwifeChange.HouYiwasthebestarcher(弓箭手)atthattime.56Theweatherbecamesohotanddrythatnofoodcouldgrowandmanypeopledied.

SceneOneWhenseeingthis,HouYidecidedtosavethepeople.57Atthetopofthemountain,heshotdownninesuns,leavingonlyoneinthesky.

SceneTwoAfterHouYishotdowntheninesuns,everythingbegantogrowontheearth.58AgoddessonMountKunlun(昆仑山)gavehimsomemagicmedicinetothankhim.Whoevertookitcouldliveforever.

SceneThreeHouYireturnedhomewiththemagicmedicineandhewantedtoshareitwithChange.HegavethemedicinetoChangeandshekeptitinabox.Theyplannedtotakeitafewdayslater.SceneFourAbadman,PangMeng,heardaboutthemagicmedicineandwantedtostealit.WhenChangewasaloneathome,hecametotheirhouseandaskedChangeforit.59Thenshebecameverylightandflewuptothemoon.

SceneFiveAfterHouYigothome,hecouldntfindChangeanywhere.Hefeltverysad.Onenight,whenthemoonwasroundandbright,hefoundChangewasonthemoon.Hecalledouthernametothemoon.60.

A.HemadehiswaytoMountKunlun.B.HouYiwashappyandacceptedthemedicine.C.Thereweretensunsintheskyoneday.D.Howhewishedtheycouldgettogetheragain!E.PeoplewereverythankfultoHouYi.F.Afterthis,peoplestartedthetraditionofeatingmooncakes.G.Changerefusedtogiveittohimandtookitall.本文是篇话剧,讲述了后羿射日和嫦娥奔月的故事。56.C根据下文“Theweatherbecamesohotanddrythatnofoodcouldgrowandmanypeopledied.”推断设空处讲述的应是产生这一现象的原因,故选C。57.A根据下文“Atthetopofthemountain...”可推断,设空处要谈及一座山,故选A。58.E结合上下文行文逻辑和备选项判断,场景二主要讲述的是后羿射日之后,万物开始生长,人们都非常感激他。故选E。59.G根据上文逄蒙找嫦娥索药,以及下文嫦娥变得很轻,飞上了月亮可知,设空处应为嫦娥拒绝了逄蒙而自己服用了仙药,故选G。60.D根据上文可知,对于嫦娥的离开,后羿非常伤心。当他发现嫦娥在月亮上时,他大声呼唤嫦娥,结合选项可知,他多么希望他们还能重聚,故选D。重点词汇savev.拯救;aloneadj.独自的hearabout听说;callout大声呼唤;bethankfulto对……很感谢E)阅读填空根据短文内容,在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词,使短文完整、通顺。Noonecanlivewithoutsleep.Expertsbelievethatsleepis61foodandwater.Goodhealthneedsgoodsleep.Scientistshavefoundthatpeoplewhosleepforlessthan6hoursandahalfatnightaremoreoftenillthanpeople62sleepfor8hours.

How63hoursdoyousleepeverynight?Moststudentshavelessthan8hoursofsleepeverynight.Someteacherscomplainthatafewstudentsfeelsleepyorevenfallasleepinclass.Thesestudentscan64concentrate(集中注意力)ontheirstudy.

Whyaresomanystudentsshort(缺少)ofsleep?Recently,areporterdidasurveyinNo.21MiddleSchool.Theresultshowsthattherearetwomain65forthisproblem.Oneisthatstudentshavetoomuchhomeworkatnight.Somestudentshaveto66uplatetofinishtheirhomeworktill11:00p.m.The67reasonisabouttheuseofInternet.Somestudentsarecrazyaboutplayinggamesonthephones.

Manyparentsworryaboutthisproblem.TheMinistryofEducation(教育部)haspaidmoreattention68thisproblemandrequiredthatstudentsinprimaryschoolsshould69atleat10hoursaday,9hoursforjuniorhighand8hoursforseniorhigh.Schoolsareexpectedtogivelesshomeworktostudents70thattheycanhavemoretimetosleep.

本文是议论文,文章谈论的话题是中小学生的睡眠问题,详细论述了中小学生睡眠不足的原因、危害,以及教育部就解决这一问题所采取的措施。61.like根据上文“Noonecanlivewithoutsleep.”可见睡眠的重要性,设空句将sleep与foodandwater进行类比,进一步强调睡眠的重要就如食物和水一般,故答案为like。62.who/that此空引导定语从句,先行词为people,在从句中作主语,故答案为who/that。63.many根据下文“Moststudentshavelessthan8hoursofsleepeverynight.”可知设空句是问每晚睡觉多少小时,故答案为many。64.not/hardly根据上文可知,许多学生每晚睡眠不足8小时,老师抱怨一些学生在课堂上犯困甚至睡着。由此可知,此处指这些学生不能集中注意力在学习上。故答案为not/hardly。65.reasons根据第三段第一句“Whyaresomanystudentsshortofsleep?”以及第三段第六句“Thereason...”可知,主要谈及了导致睡眠不足的两个主要原因,故答案为reasons。

66.stay根据上文“晚上学生有太多作业”可知,“一些学生不得不熬夜到11点去完成他们的作业”,固定搭配stayuplate熬夜,故答案为stay。67.other文中第三段主要阐述了问题产生的两个原因,两者中的“另一个”,用theother,故答案为other。68.topayattentionto集中注意力于,故答案为to。69.sleep根据全文内容以及设空处后“atleast10hoursaday,9hoursfor...and8hoursfor...”可知设空处指“睡”,且设空处在情态动词should后,应填动词原形,故答案为sleep。70.so本题考查sothat引导的结果状语从句,期望学校给学生布置更少的作业,以便于他们有更多的时间睡觉,故答案为so。长难句Scientistshavefoundthatpeoplewhosleepforlessthan6hoursandahalfatnightaremoreoftenillthanpeoplewhosleepfor8hours.科学家发现,晚上睡眠少于6个半小时的人比睡眠8个小时的人生病更频繁。本句为主从复合句。found后为that引导的宾语从句,此从句中又包含了两个定语从句whosleepforlessthan6hoursandahalf和whosleepfor8hours,并将两个定语从句用than进行了关联。重点词汇complainv.抱怨;reasonn.理由fallasleep睡着;stayuplate熬夜;becrazyabout着迷于;payattentionto注意;beexpectedtodo被期望做词汇积累shortadj.不足的,缺少的Ⅳ.写作技能(共两部分,6小题。71~75小题,每小题2分;76小题20分;共30分。)A)翻译语篇阅读下面的短文,将文中的画线部分译成汉语或英语。YuanLongping,“FatherofHybridRice(杂交水稻之父)”,diedattheageof91inChangshaonMay22nd,2021.71.Peoplewerecompletelyshockedwhentheyheardthenews.AlotofpeoplehurriedtoChangshatoexpresstheircondolences(哀悼)overhisdeath.AsthecarwithYuansbodywasmovingdownthestreet,peopleonbothsidesoftheroadcriedandshoutedhisnametothecar.

Manyoldpeoplestillrememberclearlythattheydidnthaveenoughfoodtoeatintheearly1960s.YuanmadeuphismindtokeepalltheChinesepeopleawayfromhunger(饥饿).Heandhisteambegantheresearchonthehybridricein1964.72.你无法想象成功的路有多难。Theyfailedmanytimesbutdidntgiveup.In1974,Yuanandhisteamdevelopedtheworldsfirsthybridricesuccessfully.ThisgreatachievementhelpedsolvetheproblemoffeedingalltheChinesepeople.73.However,heandhisteamcontinuedtheresearchandimprovedthehybridrice.Heoncesaidhehadtwodreams—“toenjoythecoolunderthericecrops(庄稼)tallerthanme”and“thatthehybridricecouldbegrownallovertheworld.”Now,thehybridricehasbeenbroughttomorethan100countriessuchastheUnitedStates,Japan,Brazilandsoon.

74.Yuanhasmadeabigdi