山东临沂市2025-2026学年高二上学期普通高中学科期末素养水平监测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东临沂市2025-2026学年高二上学期普通高中学科期末素养水平监测英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEachyearatBalloonFiesta,balloonenthusiastscangethands-onexperiencetolearnaboutthesportandscienceofballooning.LocatedatthenorthendofBalloonFiestaParknexttotheArtisanstent,theBalloonDiscoveryCenterdrawsmorethan35,000visitorsofallageseachyear.·AdmissionisFREEonceinsideBalloonFiesta®gates.·Hours:5:00AMto10:00AM;3:30PMto7:30PM·Youth12andundercancompleteapassportactivitybyvisitingthemanyinteractiveexhibits.Hereareafewoftheexhibitsforthisyear:HotAirBalloonWindRace:Participateona64"interactivetablewhereusersusethewinddirection.Youraceothercompetitorstobethefirsttolandonthe“X”andwinthegame!Learnhowtonavigatethehotairballoonandtestyourflyingskills!BalloonPilotChallenge:Anotherinteractivetableillustrateshowwindandweathermightaffectahotairballoonflight.TestyourpredictionskillsbysettingwindspeedandseeifyouareaStudentPilot,PrivatePilot,orthehighestranking,aCommercialPilot!TheAlbuquerqueBox:Itsuniqueweatherandwindpatternsmakeourcityuniqueandperfectforflyingballoons.Thisinteractiveexhibitillustrateshowthe“boxeffect”sitsoverBalloonFiestaParkandsurroundingareas.WickerWeaving:Someaspectsofballooningremainlow-tech,andthebasket,alsocalledtheGondola,isoneofthem.Mostgondolasaremadefromwickertominimizetheadditionalweightthattheballoonmustlift.Whenthewickerissoaked(浸泡)inwater,itbecomesflexible.Itiswoveninapatterninandoutoftheverticalsupports.Asitdries,itbecomeshard.Cometestyourskillsinweavingwicker!1.WhatcanweknowabouttheBalloonDiscoveryCenter?A.Itisfreeforvisitors. B.Itopensthewholeday.C.ItislocatedinthecenterofthePark. D.Itoffersmanyinteractiveexhibits.2.Whichexhibitcantestyourpilotpotential?A.BalloonPilotChallenge. B.WickerWeaving.C.HotAirBalloonWindRace. D.TheAlbuquerqueBox.3.Whyiswickerchosenasthematerialforgondolas?A.Itiseasytogetasamaterial. B.Itbecomesharderinwater.C.Itreducestheweightoftheballoon. D.Itcanbeusedtosupporttheballoon.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了气球探索中心的相关信息，包括其位置、开放时间、免费入场以及一些互动展览等内容。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“·Youth12andundercancompleteapassportactivitybyvisitingthemanyinteractiveexhibits.Hereareafewoftheexhibitsforthisyear:(·12岁及以下的青少年可以通过参观许多互动展览来完成护照活动。以下是今年的一些展览)”可知，气球探索中心提供了许多互动展览。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“BalloonPilotChallenge:”部分中“Anotherinteractivetableillustrateshowwindandweathermightaffectahotairballoonflight.TestyourpredictionskillsbysettingwindspeedandseeifyouareaStudentPilot,PrivatePilot,orthehighestranking,aCommercialPilot!(另一张互动桌展示了风和天气如何影响热气球飞行。通过设置风速来测试你的预测能力，看看你是学生飞行员、私人飞行员还是最高级别的商业飞行员)”可知，BalloonPilotChallenge这个展览可以测试你的飞行员潜力。故选A项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据“WickerWeaving:”部分中“Mostgondolasaremadefromwickertominimizetheadditionalweightthattheballoonmustlift.(大多数吊篮都是用柳条制成的，以尽量减少气球必须提升的额外重量)”可知，选择柳条作为吊篮的材料是因为它可以减轻气球的重量。故选C项。BInMotherTeresa’s“Anyway”poem,oneofthelinesis“Ifyouarekind,peoplemayaccuseyouofselfish,ulterior(不可告诉人的)motives;Bekindanyway.”Yes,therewillbesomepeoplewhoquestionorjudgeourmotives,butthatshouldn’tstopusfrombeingfriendly,generousandconsideratetoothers.Sometimeswearethegiverofanactofkindness.Othertimes,wearethereceiver.Itdoesn’tmatter.Kindnessmakeseveryonefeelgood.Mydaughtersharedthisstory.ManyyearsagoamanwholivedinNewYorkCitydecidedtovisithisparentstwohoursnorth.Asheapproachedtheirsmalltown,hiscarbrokedown.Awomanstoppedtoofferaridetoamechanicintown,andastheychattedonthewayin,helearnedthatshewasalocalrealtor(房地产经纪人).Hesharedthathewasfromthecityvisitinghisparents.Theywenttheirseparateways,butheneverforgotherkindness.Fortyyearslater,hisparentsnowdeceased,andthesonneededtoselltheirhouse.Herememberedtherealtorwhohadhelpedhimallthoseyearsagoandcalledheroffice.Unfortunately,thewomanhadpassedaway,butherdaughterandgranddaughterwererunningthebusinessandendedupbeinghisrealtors.Asitturnedout,theysoldtheparents’housetomydaughterandson-in-lawAsimpleactofkindnesshadacontinuouseffectdecadeslater.Inmostcases,weneverknowthelong-termeffectofouractsofkindness.Butthereceiveroftenneverforgets.Sodon’tletfearorjudgmentgetinthewayofbeingkindtosomeone.AstheGreekphilosopherAesoponcesaid,”Noactofkindness,nomatterhowsmall,iseverwasted.“Andsometimes,inastrangeway,itmightevencomebacktous.4.WhyisMotherTeresa’spoemmentionedinparagraph1?A.Tointroducethepoem. B.Toprovideexamples.C.Tosupporttheauthor’sopinion. D.Toencouragereaderstoshareideas.5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewoman?A.Helpful. B.Traditional. C.Positive. D.Honest.6.Whydidthemanchoosethewomanastherealtor?A.Shewasprofessional. B.Shewastrustworthy.C.Theirdaughterswerefriends. D.Theycamefromthesametown.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthestorysharedbytheauthor’sdaughter?A.Lovebreaksdownbarriers. B.Goodthingscometothosewhowait.C.Whatgoesaroundcomesaround. D.Adeterminedsoulwillalwaysfindapath.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过引述特蕾莎修女的诗篇和讲述一个跨越数十年的真实故事，阐述了善意行为可能带来的深远影响，并以此鼓励人们克服恐惧和评判，坚持行善。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“InMotherTeresa’s“Anyway”poem,oneofthelinesis“Ifyouarekind,peoplemayaccuseyouofselfish,ulterior(不可告诉人的)motives;Bekindanyway.”

Yes,therewillbesomepeoplewhoquestionorjudgeourmotives,butthatshouldn’tstopusfrombeingfriendly,generousandconsideratetoothers.(在特蕾莎修女的《无论如何》诗中，有这样一行：“即使你的善意可能被曲解为自私或别有用心，你仍要选择行善。”是的，会有一些人质疑或评判我们的动机，但这不应该阻止我们对他人友善、慷慨和体贴)”可知，作者引用特蕾莎修女的诗句是为了引出并支持自己的观点：即使可能被误解，也应坚持行善。故选C项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Mydaughtersharedthisstory.ManyyearsagoamanwholivedinNewYorkCitydecidedtovisithisparentstwohoursnorth.Asheapproachedtheirsmalltown,hiscarbrokedown.

Awomanstoppedtoofferaridetoamechanicintown,andastheychattedonthewayin,helearnedthatshewasalocalrealtor(房地产经纪人).(这是女儿与我分享的故事。多年前，一位住在纽约市的男子驱车北上两小时探望父母。临近小镇时，他的车突然抛锚了。一位女士停下来，提出可以载他去镇上的汽车修理厂，在途中他们聊天时，他得知她是一名当地的房地产经纪人)”可推知，这位女士主动停车帮助陌生人，体现了她乐于助人的品质。故选A项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Herememberedtherealtorwhohadhelpedhimallthoseyearsagoandcalledheroffice.(他想起了多年前帮助过他的那位房地产经纪人，并打电话到了她的公司)”可知，男士选择这位女士作为房地产经纪人是因为他记住了她曾经的帮助，认为她值得信赖。故选B项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段中“Mydaughtersharedthisstory.ManyyearsagoamanwholivedinNewYorkCitydecidedtovisithisparentstwohoursnorth.Asheapproachedtheirsmalltown,hiscarbrokedown.

Awomanstoppedtoofferaridetoamechanicintown,andastheychattedonthewayin,helearnedthatshewasalocalrealtor(房地产经纪人).(这是女儿与我分享的故事。多年前，一位住在纽约市的男子驱车北上两小时探望父母。临近小镇时，他的车突然抛锚了。一位女士停下来，提出可以载他去镇上的汽车修理厂，在途中他们聊天时，他得知她是一名当地的房地产经纪人)”、第三段中“Herememberedtherealtorwhohadhelpedhimallthoseyearsagoandcalledheroffice.Unfortunately,thewomanhadpassedaway,butherdaughterandgranddaughterwererunningthebusinessandendedupbeinghisrealtors.Asitturnedout,theysoldtheparents’housetomydaughterandson-in-law(他想起了多年前帮助过他的那位房地产经纪人，并打电话到了她的公司。不幸的是，那位女士已经去世，但她的女儿和孙女正在经营这家公司，并最终成为了他的房地产经纪人。结果，他们把父母的房子卖给了我的女儿和女婿)”以及作者在最后一段引用的希腊哲学家伊索的话“Noactofkindness,nomatterhowsmall,iseverwasted.(再小的善举，也绝不会被浪费)”可推知，这个故事传达的道理是善意的行为终将以某种方式得到回报或产生积极的长远影响，正所谓“善有善报”。故选C项。CAnewstudyinCommunicationsEarth&Environmentreportsaseriesofmajordroughts,eachextendingbeyond85years,likelyplayedacentralroleintheeventualfalloftheIndusValleyCivilizations.Thisoffersfreshinsightintowhythisinfluentialancientsociety,acontemporary(同时代)ofancientEgypt,locatednearthepresent-dayIndia-Pakistanborder,experiencedaslowreductioninitsurbanandculturalcomplexity.Theresearchalsounderlineshowlong-lastingenvironmentalpressurescanshapethedevelopmentandstabilityofearlycivilizations.TheIndusValleyCivilizationswasamongtheearliestknownurbancultures,developingbetween5,000and3,500yearsagoalongtheIndusRiveranditsbranchesinwhatisnowPakistanandnorthwestIndia.Atitsheightfrom4,500to3,900yearsago,thesocietywasknownforitsplannedcities,extensivefacilities,andinnovativewatermanagementsystems.Butthereasonsbehinditslong,gradualdownturnhaveremaineddifficultforresearcherstofullyexplain.Toinvestigatepastconditions,VimalMishraandcolleaguesconstructedclimatepatternsacrosstheregionspanning5,000to3,000yearsago.Theiranalysiscombinedclimatemodelingwithseveralindirectindicatorsofancientenvironmentalchange.TheseincludedthechemicalsignaturespreservedintwoIndiancavesandwaterlevelhistoriesrecordedinfivelakesacrossnorthwestIndia.Together,thedatapointedtoatemperatureincreaseofabout0.5degreesCelsiusduringthisinterval,alongwitha10to20percentreductioninannualrainfall.Theteamalsoidentifiedfourextendeddroughtperiodsoccurringbetween4,450and3,400yearsago,indicatingwidespreadandlong-lastingimpactsonwateravailability.Accordingtotheauthors,thesedroughtslikelyinfluencedwherepeoplechosetoestablishsettlements.Between5,000and4,500yearsago,mostcommunitiesweresituatedinregionsthatreceivedhigherrainfall.After4,500yearsago,settlementpatternschanged,withpopulationsmovingclosertotheIndusRiver.Thisshiftmayreflectincreasingdependenceonamorereliablewatersourceasdroughtconditionsintensified.Basedonthesefindings,theresearchersconcludedtheIndusValleycivilizationdidnotcollapsesuddenlyfromasingleclimateevent.Instead,thesocietylikelyexperiencedaprolongedandunevenfallinwhichrepeateddroughtsbecameasignificantcontributingfactor.8.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A.AncientEgyptalsoexperiencedaslowreduction.B.Environmentgreatlyinfluencedtheearlycivilizations.C.TheIndusValleycivilizationextendedbeyond85years.D.Droughtsshapedtheearlycivilizationsindifferentways.9.WhatdoweknowabouttheIndusValleycivilizationinparagraph2?A.Whereitoriginatedisunknown.B.Whyitfellrequiresfurtherstudy.C.Itssocietyinitiallyhadwell-designedcities.D.ItlaybetweenPakistanandnorthwestIndia.10.HowdidVimalMishraandcolleaguescarryouttheirresearch?A.Bycollectingtheannualrainfall.B.Bymonitoringthetemperaturechange.C.Bystudyingtheimpactonwateravailability.D.Byusingclimatemodelsandnaturalevidence.11.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“intensified”inparagraph4?A.Worsen. B.Improved. C.Disappeared. D.Eased.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了《通讯地球与环境》上的一项新研究，该研究指出一系列持续超过85年的重大干旱可能是印度河流域文明衰落的核心原因；文章还介绍了印度河流域文明的基本情况、研究人员的研究方法，以及干旱对该文明定居模式的影响，强调了长期环境压力对早期文明发展和稳定的塑造作用。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Theresearchalsounderlineshowlong-lastingenvironmentalpressurescanshapethedevelopmentandstabilityofearlycivilizations.(这项研究也强调了长期的环境压力如何塑造早期文明的发展和稳定)”可知，我们从这项新研究中能了解到，环境对早期文明有着巨大的影响。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Atitsheightfrom4,500to3,900yearsago,thesocietywasknownforitsplannedcities,extensivefacilities,andinnovativewatermanagementsystems.(在4500年至3900年前的鼎盛时期，这个社会以其规划有序的城市、庞大的设施和创新的水资源管理系统而闻名)”可知，印度河流域文明在鼎盛时期就有设计精良的城市，其社会最初就具备这一特点。故选C。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theiranalysiscombinedclimatemodelingwithseveralindirectindicatorsofancientenvironmentalchange.TheseincludedthechemicalsignaturespreservedintwoIndiancavesandwaterlevelhistoriesrecordedinfivelakesacrossnorthwestIndia.(他们的分析将气候模型与多个古代环境变化的间接指标相结合，这些指标包括两个印度洞穴中保存的化学特征，以及印度西北部五个湖泊记录的水位历史)”可知，维马尔·米什拉及其同事是通过气候模型和自然证据开展研究的。故选D。【11题详析】词义猜测题。根据第四段的“After4,500yearsago,settlementpatternschanged,withpopulationsmovingclosertotheIndusRiver.Thisshiftmayreflectincreasingdependenceonamorereliablewatersourceasdroughtconditionsintensified.(大约4500年前，聚居模式发生了变化，人口开始向印度河附近迁移。这种转变可能反映了人们越来越依赖更可靠的水源，因为干旱状况intensified。)”结合前文“Accordingtotheauthors,thesedroughtslikelyinfluencedwherepeoplechosetoestablishsettlements.Between5,000and4,500yearsago,mostcommunitiesweresituatedinregionsthatreceivedhigherrainfall.(据作者所述，这些干旱现象很可能影响了人们选择建立定居点的地点。在5000至4500年前，大多数社区都位于降雨量较大的地区。)”提到研究发现该地区存在长期干旱、降雨量减少，可推知人们迁移是因为干旱状况恶化，划线词intensified意为“加剧、恶化”，与选项A含义一致。故选A。DFormostmountaineers,somelevelofaltitude(海拔)sicknessisunavoidable.ButnativehighlanderslivingontheTibetanPlateau,knownasSherpas,haveinhabitedthehighHimalayalongenoughtohaveanevolutionary(进化的)edgeatbearingaltitudecomparedwithlowlandersbornandraisedfartherdown.ForastudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA,researcherscomparedSherpaandlowlanderbloodsamples(样本)duringaHimalayanhiketoinvestigatetheSherpas’aptitudeforaltitude—andtheyfoundacrucialclueinthekidney(肾脏).Thethinneratmosphereuphighcanleadtohypoxia,adangerouslackofoxygen.Hypoxicpeoplebreathefastertobringmoreoxygenintotheirlungs.Butextrabreathingalsoemptiesthelungsofmorecarbondioxide(二氧化碳)thanusual,whichinturnreducestheproductionofcarbonicacidintheblood.Andeventinychangesinacidityriskdamagingtheproteinsthatkeepourcellsfunctioning.Oncebloodacidityshifts,“theonlythingthatcanfixitisthekidneys,”saysstudyco-authorTrevorDay,aphysiologistatMountRoyalUniversityinAlberta.Toexaminehighlanders’bloodacidityataltitude,Dayandhiscolleaguesenlisted14Sherpasand15lowlandersfromamonguniversitystudentsinKathmandu,Nepal,andraninitialbloodtestsat4,200feet.Nextcameanine-dayjourneyto14,000feettotakeanotherbloodsample.Thelowlanders’bloodbecamemorebasicastheyclimbedhigher,butSherpas’bloodaciditydidn’tchange;theirkidneys’cleaningactionadjustedthebasicandacidicions.TheSherpas’improvedblood-acidityadjustmentismostlikelyfromeverlastingdifferencesbetweenhighlanderandlowlanderkidneys,theresearcherssay.Together,thesefindingshighlightthekidneysasunsungheroesduringhypoxia.TheseresultsaddtoearlierfindingsthatSherpashavemorebloodplasmathanotherpeople.Thiswateryliquidthinstheirbloodsoitcanflowfasteranddeliveroxygenthroughoutthebodymorequickly.Theresearchersstressedthekidneyasakeyfocusforfutureresearchontheeffectsofhighaltitude.12.WhatisthedifferencebetweenSherpasandlowlandersinparagraph1?A.Lowlanders’bloodsamplesindicatetheyarebetterathiking.B.Sherpasaremoreinterestedinmountaineeringthanlowlanders.C.Lowlandersgetadiseaseinkidneyathighaltitudemoreeasily.D.Sherpashaveanevolutionaryadvantageinstandinghighaltitude.13.Whatisthepotentialharmoftinychangesinbloodacidity?A.Speedingupthebreathingrate.B.Reducingtheproductionofcarbonicacid.C.Increasingtheamountofoxygeninthelungs.D.harmingtheproteinsessentialforcellularfunction.14.Whatroledokidneysplayinhypoxia?A.Theycanproducemoreblood.B.Theycanbalancebasicandacidicions.C.Theycanmakepeopleabsorbmoreoxygen.D.Theycandrivelungstosendoutcarbondioxide.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ComparingSherpaswithlowlanders.B.Thebloodaciditycontrolathighaltitude.C.Sherpas’adaptivefeaturestohighaltitude.D.Thekidneyresearchonhigh-altitudesickness.【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对比研究，揭示了夏尔巴人适应高海拔环境的关键在于其肾脏能有效调节血液酸碱度，进化优势使他们在高原缺氧条件下能维持身体机能。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“ButnativehighlanderslivingontheTibetanPlateau,knownasSherpas,haveinhabitedthehighHimalayalongenoughtohaveanevolutionaryedgeatbearingaltitudecomparedwithlowlandersbornandraisedfartherdown.(但生活在青藏高原的本土高地居民夏尔巴人，在喜马拉雅高海拔地区居住的时间足够长，与在低海拔地区出生长大的人相比，他们在承受高海拔方面拥有进化上的优势)”可知，夏尔巴人在适应高海拔方面有进化上的优势。故选D。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第2段中“Andeventinychangesinacidityriskdamagingtheproteinsthatkeepourcellsfunctioning.(即使是酸度的微小变化，也有可能损害维持我们细胞正常运作的蛋白质)”可知，血液酸度的微小变化可能会损害对细胞功能至关重要的蛋白质。故选D。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第3段中“Thelowlanders’bloodbecamemorebasicastheyclimbedhigher,butSherpas’bloodaciditydidn’tchange;theirkidneys’cleaningactionadjustedthebasicandacidicions.(低海拔人群的血液在登高后变得更偏碱性，但夏尔巴人的血液酸碱度没有变化；他们肾脏的净化作用调节了碱性和酸性离子)”可知，在缺氧环境中，肾脏的作用是平衡碱性和酸性离子。故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第1段中“ForastudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA,researcherscomparedSherpaandlowlanderbloodsamples(样本)duringaHimalayanhiketoinvestigatetheSherpas’aptitudeforaltitude—andtheyfoundacrucialclueinthekidney(肾脏).(在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项研究中，研究人员在喜马拉雅山徒步旅行期间对夏尔巴人和非夏尔巴人的血液样本进行了对比，以探究夏尔巴人适应高海拔环境的能力——他们发现关键线索就在肾脏之中)”、第3段中“TheSherpas’improvedblood-acidityadjustmentismostlikelyfromeverlastingdifferencesbetweenhighlanderandlowlanderkidneys,theresearcherssay.(研究人员表示，夏尔巴人血液酸碱度调节能力的增强，很可能是由于高原居民和低地居民肾脏之间存在的长期差异所致)”以及第4段中“TheseresultsaddtoearlierfindingsthatSherpashavemorebloodplasmathanotherpeople.(这些研究结果补充了此前的发现，即夏尔巴人比其他人拥有更多的血浆)”可知，文章主要介绍了夏尔巴人适应高海拔的各项身体特征。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatiftherewasakindoffoodthattasteddelicious,cameinthousandsofvarieties,couldbeeatenraworcookedinanendlessnumberofways,andhelpedpreventmostofthemajordiseaseskillingAustralians?Well,thiskindoffooddoesexist—it’sfruitsandvegetables!____16____TheAustralianDietaryGuidelinescurrentlyrecommendtwoservingsoffruitsandatleastthreeservingsofvegetableseachday.____17____Soweaskedafewexpertstoaddresssomeofthereasonspeopleciteforavoidingproduce,andthentosuggestwaystoovercomethem.“They’retooexpensive.”“Onebarrieristheperishability(易腐性)offruitsandvegetables,”saysLaurenM.Scott.“Peoplethinkfruitsandvegetablescosttoomuchbecausetheyboughtthembutthentheproducewentbadandtheyhadtothrowthemout.”____18____Aquickpricecomparisoncheckshowsthatabagofpopularpotatochipscostsaround$25akilo.Noappleororangecoststhatmuch.Ifyoufindyourscheduleistoounpredictableandyourvegetablesarerottingbeforecooking,tryeitherbuyingsmallamountsofproducemorefrequentlyorstoringenoughfrozenfruitsandveggies.“Theydon’ttastegood.”“It’snotnecessarilythatyoudon’tlikeaspecificfruitorvegetable.Youjustdon’tknowhowyoulikeit,”saysScott.Forexample,thinkaboutbeetroot—youcanhaveitcooked,inasalad,oronaburger.Ifyoudon’tlikesomethingpreparedoneway,findadifferentwaytoprepareit.____19____“Ittakestoomuchtime.”____20____Notonlycanyoubuycannedorfrozenvegetablesthatarealreadycutandwashed,butyoucanbuyfreshfruitsandvegetablesthatway,too.Mostsupermarketsnowofferalargerangeofcleaned,cutandchoppedproduce.A.Peoplewereforcedtoeatcertainvegetablesaschildren.B.Giventheirimportance,howmuchshouldweactuallyeat?C.Plentyofpeoplehavegrownupnevereatinghealthyfoods.D.It’seasytofindnewrecipesbydoingaquickonlinesearch.E.Thisexcusemayhaveoncebeenreasonable,butnotanymore.F.Butproperplanningandstoragecanpreventfoodandmoneywaste.G.However,fruitsandvegetablesareactuallynotexpensiverelativetootherfoods.【答案】16.B17.C18.F19.D20.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以蔬菜水果的诸多益处引入，提出人们应摄入的推荐量，并针对人们不愿食用蔬果的几种常见借口——“太贵”、“不好吃”和“太费时”，逐一进行反驳并给出实用性建议。【16题详析】上文“Whatiftherewasakindoffoodthattasteddelicious,cameinthousandsofvarieties,couldbeeatenraworcookedinanendlessnumberofways,andhelpedpreventmostofthemajordiseaseskillingAustralians?Well,thiskindoffooddoesexist—it’sfruitsandvegetables!(如果有这样一种食物，它美味可口、种类繁多、可生食也可用无数方法烹饪，还能帮助预防导致澳大利亚人死亡的大多数主要疾病，会怎么样？嗯，这种食物确实存在——那就是水果和蔬菜！)”以设问和解答的方式强调了水果蔬菜的诸多好处。B选项“Giventheirimportance,howmuchshouldweactuallyeat?(鉴于它们如此重要，我们实际上应该吃多少呢？)”承上启下，在上文铺垫其重要性后，自然引出关于具体食用量的问题，并顺畅地过渡到下文给出的官方膳食指南“TheAustralianDietaryGuidelinescurrentlyrecommendtwoservingsoffruitsandatleastthreeservingsofvegetableseachday.(澳大利亚膳食指南目前建议每天食用两份水果和至少三份蔬菜)”。故选B项。【17题详析】下文“Soweaskedafewexpertstoaddresssomeofthereasonspeopleciteforavoidingproduce,andthentosuggestwaystoovercomethem.(因此我们询问了几位专家，让他们就人们提出的不吃农产品的某些原因进行解释，并给出克服这些原因的方法)”设空句构成因果关系，开始寻找人们回避蔬果的理由和其解决方案。C选项“Plentyofpeoplehavegrownupnevereatinghealthyfoods.(许多人从小到大饮食从来都不健康)”提出“许多人从小到大饮食都不健康”这一普遍的社会现象，是下文作者开始寻找理由和解决问题办法的原因，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。【18题详析】上文“Onebarrieristheperishability(易腐性)offruitsandvegetables,”saysLaurenM.Scott.“Peoplethinkfruitsandvegetablescosttoomuchbecausetheyboughtthembutthentheproducewentbadandtheyhadtothrowthemout.”(“一个障碍是水果和蔬菜的易腐性，”劳伦·M·斯科特说，“人们认为水果和蔬菜太贵了，因为他们买了，但农产品后来坏了，他们不得不扔掉。”)”引出了“太贵”这一借口及其背后的原因——易腐性导致的浪费。F选项“Butproperplanningandstoragecanpreventfoodandmoneywaste.(但合理的规划和储存可以防止食物和金钱的浪费)”与上文构成转折关系，针对上文提到的“坏掉、扔掉”问题，直接提出了通过规划和储存来避免浪费这一解决思路，与下文给出的具体建议(少量多次购买、冷冻储存)紧密衔接。故选F项。【19题详析】上文“Ifyoudon’tlikesomethingpreparedoneway,findadifferentwaytoprepareit.(如果你不喜欢某种食物的某一种做法，那就换一种做法)”提出了一个核心建议：尝试不同的烹饪或准备方法。D选项“It’seasytofindnewrecipesbydoingaquickonlinesearch.(通过快速在线搜索，很容易找到新的食谱)”承接上文，具体说明了如何实现“findadifferentway”，即通过网络搜索食谱，为前文的建议提供了便捷可行的操作路径，语意连贯。故选D项。【20题详析】下文“Notonlycanyoubuycannedorfrozenvegetablesthatarealreadycutandwashed,butyoucanbuyfreshfruitsandvegetablesthatway,too.Mostsupermarketsnowofferalargerangeofcleaned,cutandchoppedproduce.(你不仅可以买到已经切好、洗好的罐装或冷冻蔬菜，还可以买到同样处理好的新鲜水果和蔬菜。大多数超市现在都提供大量清洗、切割和切碎的农产品)”详细列举了如今市场上各类方便快捷的新鲜蔬果产品，以此说明准备蔬果已经变得省时省力。E选项“Thisexcusemayhaveoncebeenreasonable,butnotanymore.(这个借口可能曾经是合理的，但现在不再成立了)”作为段首句，直接针对小标题“Ittakestoomuchtime.(太费时间了)”这一借口进行总体评价，并通过“butnotanymore”引出下文关于如今情况已改变的具体事实依据，上下文形成“总评-分述”的逻辑关系。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Itmightsoundstrange,consideringImakemylivingontelevision,butinmypersonallife,Ishyawayfromthespotlight.ThatiswhyItriedmybestto____21____mywife,DeborahRoberts,nottothrowapartyformybirthdaylastAugust.ButIknewIcouldn’tstopher.ThetruthwasthatIwasfeelingalittle____22____aboutturning70.Mydadnevermadeittothisage.He____23____at69.Dadwasmyrolemodelandinspirationforbeingagoodhusbandandfather.Hewouldsaysimply,“Thereareno____24____tohowmuchyoucanlove.”Nearingmydad’sageupsetme,especiallybecauseItooalmostdidn’tmakeitto70.InNovember2022,afterfeelingbreathlesswalkingupstairs,scans____25____bloodclots(血块)inmylungsandleg.“We’vegotto____26____youtothehospital,”mydoctorsaid.Deborahimmediately____27____fromEuropetobeatmyside.Complications(并发症)ledtointernalbleeding,and____28____brieflycominghomeforThanksgiving—____29____hostingtheMacy’sparadeforthefirsttimein27years—Iwasrushedback.____30____,aneight-hoursurgerywasperformed.Duringmy____31____,Irealized:“Don’ttakeyourblessingsforgranted.”Myfamily—Deborah,Leila,Nick,andCourtney—each____32____meuniquely.ColleagueslikeHodaKotb____33____sooftenthatpeoplethoughtshewashospitalstaff.WhenIfinallycamehomeandDeborah’s____34____partyarrivedwith150friendsandfamily,Iunderstood:it____35____notjustme,butthelovesurroundingus.AsIheldDeborahclosewhilewedanced,IrememberedDad’swords—therearenolimitstolove.Ifeltitallaroundme.21.A.encourage B.persuade C.beg D.urge22.A.embarrassed B.depressed C.astonished D.annoyed23.A.passedaway B.movedaway C.showedup D.brokedown24.A.means B.skills C.limits D.demands25.A.revealed B.emphasized C.assumed D.patterned26.A.appoint B.admit C.invite D.drive27.A.heard B.escaped C.returned D.separated28.A.by B.without C.regarding D.despite29.A.avoiding B.appreciating C.missing D.delaying30.A.Eventually B.Repeatedly C.Surprisingly D.Obviously31.A.wait B.recovery C.departure D.holiday32.A.defended B.suspected C.recalled D.supported33.A.behaved B.called C.visited D.guided34.A.surprise B.graduation C.promotion D.wedding35.A.bothered B.convinced C.transformed D.celebrated【答案】21.B22.B23.A24.C25.A26.B27.C28.D29.C30.A31.B32.D33.C34.A35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因健康危机而错过重要活动，但在家人和同事的支持下康复，并在70岁生日派对上深刻体会到父亲关于“爱无限”的教诲。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么去年8月我尽最大努力劝说我的妻子黛博拉·罗伯茨不要为我的生日举办派对。A.encourage鼓励；B.persuade劝说；C.beg恳求；D.urge催促。根据前文“inmypersonallife,Ishyawayfromthespotlight.(在我的个人生活中，我避开聚光灯)”以及后文“ButIknewIcouldn’tstopher.(但我知道我阻止不了她)”可知，作者因不喜聚光灯，尝试劝说妻子放弃办派对，并非程度更强的“恳求”，persuade贴合语境。故选B。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实是，我对即将年满70岁感到有点沮丧。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.depressed沮丧的；C.astonished惊讶的；D.annoyed恼怒的。根据后文“Mydadnevermadeittothisage.He____at69.(我父亲从未活到这个年纪，他69岁就……了)”可知，父亲没活到70岁，作者因此心生低落。故选B。【23题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他69岁就去世了。A.passedaway去世；B.movedaway搬走；C.showedup出现；D.brokedown出故障/崩溃。根据前文“Mydadnevermadeittothisage.(我父亲从未活到这个年纪)”可知，此处指父亲69岁离世。故选A。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会简单地说：“你能付出的爱是没有极限的。”A.means方式；B.skills技能；C.limits极限；D.demands要求。根据文末“IrememberedDad’swords—therearenolimitstolove.(我想起了父亲的话——爱没有极限)”可知，此处是父亲话语的原词复现。故选C。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2022年11月，在上楼时感到气喘吁吁后，扫描结果显示我的肺部和腿部有血块。A.revealed显示；B.emphasized强调；C.assumed假设；D.patterned模仿。根据“scans(扫描)”与“bloodclots(血块)”的逻辑搭配，扫描结果的作用是显示身体病症。故选A。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们得收治你入院，”我的医生说。A.appoint任命；B.admit收治；C.invite邀请；D.drive开车送。根据前文“InNovember2022,afterfeelingbreathlesswalkingupstairs,scans____bloodclotsinmylungsandleg.(2022年11月，在上楼时感到气喘吁吁后，扫描结果……我的肺部和腿部有血块)”可知，作者肺部和腿部发现血块，病情危急，医生的专业表述应是“收治”其入院治疗，admit在此处为医疗常用义“收治入院”。故选B。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：黛博拉立即从欧洲赶回我身边。A.heard听说；B.escaped逃跑；C.returned返回；D.separated分开。根据后文“fromEurope(从欧洲)”和“beatmyside(在我身边)”的语境可知，妻子得知作者病重后从欧洲返回陪伴。故选C。【28题详析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：并发症导致内出血，尽管我短暂回家过感恩节——这是我27年来首次没能主持梅西感恩节大游行——我还是被紧急送回医院。A.by通过；B.without没有；C.regarding关于；D.despite尽管。根据后文“brieflycominghomeforThanksgiving(短暂回家过感恩节)”和“Iwasrushedback(我被紧急送回医院)”的语义转折