2026年心理学同等学力外语考试全真试卷解析及专项训练

2026年心理学同等学力外语考试全真试卷解析及专项训练试卷部分第一部分词汇与语法结构（20分）SectionA(10points)Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.1.Thetherapistmaintainedastanceofunconditionalpositiveregard,creatinganenvironmentwheretheclientfeltsafeto______hisdeepestfears.A.evokeB.provokeC.invokeD.divulge2.Recentneuroimagingstudieshave______thelong-heldhypothesisthatspecificbrainregionsareresponsibleforprocessingfacialrecognition.A.corroboratedB.deterioratedC.obliteratedD.fabricated3.Thephenomenonofcognitivedissonanceariseswhenthereisa______betweenone'sbeliefsandone'sactions.A.discrepancyB.consensusC.resonanceD.persistence4.Theresearcher'smethodologywascriticizedforitslackofrigor;thesamplingprocedurewashaphazardandthedataanalysiswas______.A.meticulousB.superfluousC.cursoryD.exhaustive5.Earlychildhoodexperiencescanhavea(n)______effectonpersonalitydevelopment,shapingtraitsthatpersistintoadulthood.A.ephemeralB.inconsequentialC.profoundD.negligible6.Theethicalguidelines______psychologistsfromengagingindualrelationshipswiththeirclientstoavoidconflictsofinterest.A.precludeB.advocateC.facilitateD.mandate7.Theconceptof"emotionalintelligence"hasgainedconsiderable______inbothacademicandpopularpsychologyoverthepasttwodecades.A.trajectoryB.currencyC.antiquityD.notoriety8.To______thevalidityofthenewassessmenttool,theteamconductedaseriesoftestscomparingitwithestablishedgoldstandards.A.undermineB.ascertainC.relinquishD.embellish9.Thepatient'sphobiawasso______thateventhethoughtofencounteringthestimuluswouldtriggeraseverepanicattack.A.benignB.debilitatingC.transientD.adaptive10.Thedebatebetweennatureandnurtureinintelligenceremains______,withcompellingevidencepresentedforbothsidesoftheargument.A.resolvedB.obsoleteC.contentiousD.unanimousSectionB(10points)Directions:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.Identifytheonethatisnotcorrect.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.11.Theresultsofthelongitudinalstudy(A)suggestthatchildrenwho(B)areexposedtoarichlinguisticenvironment(C)tendstodevelopmoreadvanced(D)cognitiveskills.12.(A)Notonlydoessleepdeprivationimpaircognitivefunction,(B)butitalso(C)haveasignificantnegativeimpact(D)onemotionalregulation.13.Theresearcher,alongwithherassistants,(A)areanalyzingthedata(B)collectedfromthe(C)multi-siteexperiment(D)conductedlastyear.14.Itisimperativethatapsychologist(A)maintainsstrictconfidentiality(B)regardingallclientinformation,(C)exceptincircumstances(D)mandatedbylaw.15.Thetheory,(A)whichwasfirstproposedinthe1980s,(B)hassincebeen(C)revisedandrefinedtoaccount(D)tonewempiricalfindings.16.(A)Comparingwithtraditionalpsychoanalysis,cognitive-behavioraltherapy(B)isoftenmorefocused(C)onpresent-dayproblemsand(D)practicalsolutions.17.Theethicalreviewboard(A)hasapprovedthestudyprotocol,(B)ensuringthatallparticipants'rights(C)willbeprotectedandthattheproceduresinvolve(D)minimalrisk.18.(A)Hadtheexperimentbeendesigned(B)morerigorously,theconclusionsdrawn(C)fromthedata(D)wouldbemoreconvincing.19.Thephenomenon(A)knownasthe"bystandereffect"describesasituation(B)whereindividualsare(C)lesslikelytohelpavictimwhenotherpeople(D)waspresent.20.Oneofthemost(A)challengingaspectsof(B)treatingpersonalitydisordersisthepatient's(C)deeplyingrainedandofteninflexiblepatternsof(D)thinkandbehavior.第二部分阅读理解（40分）Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Passage1Theadventofsophisticatedneuroimagingtechnologies,suchasfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI),hasrevolutionizedthefieldofcognitiveneuroscience.Thesetoolsallowresearcherstoobservebrainactivityinreal-timewhilesubjectsengageinvariousmentaltasks,ostensiblyprovidingawindowintotheneuralcorrelatesofthought,emotion,andbehavior.Thishasledtoanexplosionofresearchattemptingtolocalizecomplexpsychologicalfunctionstospecificbraincircuits.Forinstance,studieshaveidentifiedregionsliketheamygdalaascentraltofearprocessingandtheprefrontalcortexascrucialforexecutivefunctionslikedecision-makingandimpulsecontrol.However,agrowingchorusofcriticswarnsagainsttheseductiveallureof"neuro-reductionism"—thetendencytoexplaincomplexpsychologicalphenomenasolelyintermsofbrainactivity.TheyarguethatwhilefMRIcanshowcorrelation,itisfarfromestablishingcausation.Abrightlycoloredblobonabrainscandoesnot,initself,explainthesubjectiveexperienceofanxietyorthesocialcontextthatgivesrisetoit.Mentalprocessesareemergentpropertiesofadynamic,interconnectedsystem,notmerelythesumofactivatedneurons.Reducingarich,personalnarrativeofdepressionto"hypoactivityintheprefrontalcortex"risksdehumanizingtheindividualandoverlookingthemultifacetedetiologyofpsychologicaldisorders,whichincludesgenetic,developmental,social,andculturalfactors.Furthermore,theinterpretationofneuroimagingdataisitselfacomplexstatisticalexercise,vulnerabletomethodologicalpitfallsandoverinterpretation.Thetruechallengefor21st-centurypsychologymaylienotinsimplymappingthebrain,butinintegratingthesebiologicalinsightswithhigher-levelpsychologicalandsocialexplanations.21.WhatistheprimarypurposeofneuroimagingtoolslikefMRIincognitiveneuroscience?A.Totreatneurologicaldisordersdirectly.B.Toobservereal-timebrainactivityduringmentaltasks.C.Toprovethecausationbetweenbrainregionsandthoughts.D.Toreplacetraditionalpsychologicalassessmentmethods.22.Theterm"neuro-reductionism"(Line6,Para.1)referstothepracticeof______.A.usingcomplexstatisticstoanalyzebraindataB.explainingpsychologicalphenomenaonlythroughbrainactivityC.integratingsocialfactorsintoneuroscienceresearchD.focusingsolelyonthetreatmentofbraininjuries23.Accordingtothecritics,whatisamajorlimitationoffMRIfindings?A.Theyaretooexpensivetoconduct.B.Theycanonlyshowcorrelation,notcausation.C.Theycannotidentifyanyspecificbrainregions.D.Theyareonlyapplicabletoanimalstudies.24.Theauthorsuggeststhatpsychologicaldisordershavea(n)______etiology.A.purelyneurologicalB.simpleandlocalizedC.multifactorialD.exclusivelygenetic25.Whatisthemainmessageofthepassage?A.Neuroimagingtechnologiesareflawlessandshouldbethesolefocusofpsychology.B.Brainmappingissufficientforunderstandingallhumanbehavior.C.Psychologicalunderstandingrequiresintegratingbiologicaldatawithpsychologicalandsocialcontexts.D.fMRItechnologyhasfailedtocontributeanythingvaluabletopsychology.Passage2Intherealmofsocialpsychology,fewphenomenaareasrobustandunsettlingasthe"fundamentalattributionerror"(FAE).Thiscognitivebiasdescribesourtendencytooveremphasizepersonality-basedexplanationsforothers'behaviorswhileunderestimatingtheinfluenceofsituationalfactors.Forexample,ifacolleaguefailstodeliverareportontime,wearequicktolabelthemaslazyorirresponsible(adispositionalattribution),oftenneglectingpotentialsituationalconstraintssuchasanoverwhelmingworkload,familyemergencies,orunclearinstructions.TheFAEispervasiveacrosscultures,thoughresearchsuggestsitmaybemorepronouncedinindividualisticWesternsocieties,wheretheautonomousselfisemphasized.InmorecollectivisticEasterncultures,peoplearesomewhatmoreattunedtocontextualinfluences.Theerrorstemsfromaperceptualsalienceissue:thepersonactingisthefocalpointofourattention,whilethecomplexsituationalbackdropislessvisible.Ourownbehaviors,however,areanexception.Whenwearelate,weareacutelyawareoftheexternalcircumstances(traffic,apriormeetingranover)—the"actor-observerbias."TheimplicationsoftheFAEaresignificant.Itcanfuelsocialconflict,prejudice,andalackofempathy.Inthelegalsystem,itmightleadjurorstoover-attributeadefendant'sactionstomalevolentcharacterratherthanconsideringmitigatingcircumstances.Inorganizations,itcanfosterablamecultureandhindereffectiveteamwork.Combatingthisbiasrequiresconsciouseffort:activelyconsideringsituationalfactors,practicingperspective-taking,andcultivatingageneralawarenessofthepowerofcontextinshapinghumanaction.Recognizingthatbehaviorisoftenaproductofthepersonandthesituationisacornerstoneofamorecompassionateandaccuratesocialunderstanding.26.WhatistheFundamentalAttributionError?A.Overestimatingsituationalfactorsforothers'behavior.B.Overemphasizingpersonalityexplanationsforothers'behaviorandunderestimatingsituationalfactors.C.Correctlybalancingpersonalandsituationalcausesforbehavior.D.Attributingone'sownfailurestopersonalityflaws.27.Accordingtothepassage,whereistheFAEtypicallymorepronounced?A.IncollectivisticEasterncultures.B.Inallculturesequally.C.InindividualisticWesternsocieties.D.Innon-industrializedsocieties.28.Whydoestheactor-observerbiasoccur?A.Becausewehavemoreinformationaboutourowninternalstatesandsituationalconstraints.B.Becauseweareinherentlybiasedagainstourselves.C.Becausesituationalfactorsarealwaysmorepowerfulforourownactions.D.Becausewecarelessaboutothers'situations.29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapotentialconsequenceoftheFAE?A.Socialconflictandprejudice.B.Enhancedempathyandunderstanding.C.Ablamecultureinorganizations.D.Potentialunfairnessinlegaljudgments.30.WhatissuggestedasawaytomitigatetheFAE?A.Ignoringpersonalityfactorscompletely.B.Focusingonlyonobservablebehaviors.C.Activelyconsideringsituationalfactorsandpracticingperspective-taking.D.Believingthatallbehaviorisdeterminedsolelybysituation.Passage3The"Dunning-Krugereffect"isacognitivebiaswhereinindividualswithlowabilityatatasksufferfromillusorysuperiority,mistakenlyassessingtheircapabilityasmuchhigherthanitis.Theseminal1999paperbyDavidDunningandJustinKrugerproposedthatthisoccursbecausethemeta-cognitiveskillsnecessaryforaccurateself-assessmentareoftenthesameskillslackinginthosewhoareincompetent.Inotherwords,torecognizehowbadyouareatsomethingrequiresadegreeofcompetenceinthatverydomain.Thiscreatesadoubleburden:notonlyaretheyunskilled,buttheirlackofskilldeprivesthemoftheabilitytorecognizetheirowndeficiency.Conversely,theeffectalsosuggeststhathighlycompetentindividualsmayunderestimatetheirrelativeability.Theyassumethattaskswhichareeasyforthemarealsoeasyforothers—aformofcognitiveprojection.Thiscanleadtoacuriousparadoxwheretheleastknowledgeablearethemostconfident,whiletheexpertsarefraughtwithself-doubt.Theimplicationsextendbeyondacademiccuriosity.Ineducation,ithighlightstheneedforstructuredfeedback,aspoorperformersareoftenunabletoself-identifytheirweaknesses.Intheworkplace,itcanleadtopoordecision-makingwhenunderqualifiedindividualsareoverconfident.MitigatingtheDunning-Krugereffectinvolvesfosteringacultureofcontinuousfeedback,encouraginghumility,anddevelopingcalibrationtrainingthathelpsindividualsbetteraligntheirself-perceptionswithobjectivereality.Ultimately,itservesasahumblingreminderofthelimitsofourownself-knowledgeandthevalueofexternalbenchmarksandpeerevaluation.31.WhatisthecorereasonincompetentindividualsoverestimatetheirabilityaccordingtotheDunning-Krugereffect?A.Theyintentionallydeceiveothers.B.Theylackthemeta-cognitiveskilltoaccuratelyself-assess.C.Theyreceiveexcessivepraisefromothers.D.Thetaskstheyperformareinherentlydeceptive.32.Accordingtotheeffect,whymighthighlycompetentpeopleunderestimatethemselves?A.Theysufferfromchronicanxiety.B.Theyprojecttheirowneasewithtasksontoothers.C.TheyareawareoftheDunning-Krugereffectandovercompensate.D.Theylackconfidenceinallareasoflife.33.WhichofthefollowingisasuggestedmethodtomitigatetheDunning-Krugereffect?A.Avoidingallformsofevaluation.B.Providingstructuredfeedbackandcalibrationtraining.C.Encouragingpeopletotrusttheirintuitionexclusively.D.Promotingunqualifiedconfidence.34.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasareasimpactedbytheDunning-KrugereffectEXCEPT______.A.educationaloutcomesB.workplacedecision-makingC.medicaldiagnosisaccuracyD.self-knowledgeandpeerevaluation35.Whatisthe"doubleburden"facedbyincompetentindividualsinthiscontext?A.Beingunskilledandbeingawareofit.B.Beingskilledbutnotrecognized.C.Beingunskilledandlackingtheabilitytorecognizeit.D.Beingoverconfidentandsuccessful.Passage4Attachmenttheory,originallyformulatedbyJohnBowlbyandlaterexpandedbyMaryAinsworth,positsthatthequalityoftheearlybondbetweenaninfantandtheirprimarycaregiverhasprofoundandlastingimplicationsforanindividual'semotionalandsocialdevelopment.Ainsworth's"StrangeSituation"procedureidentifieddistinctattachmentstyles:secure,anxious-ambivalent,andavoidant(laterresearchaddeddisorganized).Securelyattachedinfants,whohaveexperiencedresponsiveandconsistentcare,usethecaregiverasa"securebase"fromwhichtoexploretheworld.Theyaredistressedbyseparationbuteasilycomforteduponreunion.Thispatternislinkedtohealthiersocialrelationships,betteremotionregulation,andgreaterresiliencelaterinlife.Incontrast,insecureattachmentstylesarisefrominconsistent,neglectful,orfrighteningcaregiving.Anxious-ambivalentattachmentischaracterizedbyintensedistressuponseparationandambivalenceuponreunion(seekingcontactyetresistingit).Avoidantattachmentinvolvesminimaldistressuponseparationandavoidanceofthecaregiveruponreunion,signalingadeactivationoftheattachmentsystem.Crucially,theseearlypatternsarenotdeterministicfate.Theyforminternalworkingmodels—cognitiveframeworksabouttheself,others,andrelationships—thatguidefutureinteractions.However,thesemodelscanberevisedthroughlaterexperiences,suchassupportiveromanticpartnershipsoreffectivepsychotherapy.Thetheoryunderscoresthecriticalimportanceofearlyrelationshipsbutalsooffersamessageofhoperegardingthepotentialforchangeacrossthelifespan.Ithasprofoundlyinfluencedfieldsfromdevelopmentalpsychologyandpsychopathologytoparentingeducationandclinicalpractice.36.Whatisthecorepremiseofattachmenttheory?A.Intelligenceisfixedatbirth.B.Earlycaregiver-infantbondsshapelateremotionalandsocialdevelopment.C.Personalityisfullyformedbyagefive.D.Allpsychologicalproblemsstemfromtrauma.37.IntheStrangeSituation,achildwhoexploresfreelywhenthecaregiverispresent,isupsetwhentheyleave,andiseasilycomforteduponreturnisdisplaying______attachment.A.anxious-ambivalentB.avoidantC.secureD.disorganized38.Whatisan"internalworkingmodel"inattachmenttheory?A.Ageneticblueprintforpersonality.B.Acognitiveframeworkaboutrelationshipsdevelopedfromearlyexperiences.C.Aspecifictypeofpsychotherapy.D.Thephysicalstructureofthebrainrelatedtoemotion.39.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueaboutinsecureattachmentstyles?A.Theyarepermanentandunchangeable.B.Theyresultfromperfectlyconsistentcaregiving.C.Theycanpotentiallybemodifiedbylaterpositiveexperiences.D.Theyareextremelyrareinthepopulation.40.Attachmenttheoryhasinfluencedwhichofthefollowingfields?A.Developmentalpsychologyandclinicalpracticeonly.B.Onlyabstracttheoreticalpsychology.C.Awiderangeoffieldsincludingdevelopmentalpsychology,psychopathology,andparentingeducation.D.Primarilyneurologicalresearch.第三部分完形填空（10分）Directions:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Theconceptofresilienceinpsychologyreferstotheprocessofadaptingwellinthefaceofadversity,trauma,tragedy,threats,orsignificantsourcesofstress.Itisnotararetrait;rather,resilienceinvolvesbehaviors,thoughts,andactionsthatcanbelearnedanddevelopedbymostpeople.Researchhasshiftedfromfocusingsolelyonriskfactorstoidentifyingprotectivefactorsthat__41__resilience.Thesefactorsincludehavingcaringandsupportiverelationships,thecapacitytomakerealisticplansandtakestepstocarrythemout,apositiveviewofoneselfand__42__inone'sabilities,skillsincommunicationandproblem-solving,andtheabilitytomanagestrongfeelingsandimpulses.Resilienceisnotabout"toughingitout"alone.__43__,socialsupportisoneofthemostcriticalcomponents.Connectionstoempatheticandunderstandingpeoplecanremindindividualsthattheyarenot__44__intheirstruggles.Buildingresilienceisapersonaljourney.Strategiesmay__45__frompersontoperson.However,somecommonapproachesarewidelyendorsed.Acceptingthatchangeisapartofliving,movingtowardyourgoals(eveninsmallsteps),takingdecisiveactions,nurturingahopefuloutlook,andpracticingself-careareall__46__.Itisalsocrucialtomaintainperspective,avoiding__47__acrisisintoaninsurmountablecatastrophe.Psychologistsemphasizethatresiliencedoesnotmeantheabsenceofdistressordifficulty.Emotionallyresilientpeoplestillexperiencepain,sadness,andanxiety.Thedifferenceliesintheirabilitytoworkthroughtheseemotions,learnfromtheexperience,and__48__.Thisprocessoftenleadstopersonalgrowth.Studieshaveevenidentifiedaphenomenonknownas"post-traumaticgrowth,"whereindividualsreportimprovedrelationships,agreaterappreciationforlife,andincreasedpersonalstrength__49__survivingacrisis.Ultimately,fosteringresilienceisanactiveprocessofengagementwithlife,notapassivequalityoneeitherhasordoesnothave.Itrequireseffortandintentionalitybutcanleadtoamore__50__andfulfillinglifedespiteinevitablesetbacks.41.A.undermineB.fosterC.neglectD.simplify42.A.confidenceB.doubtC.indifferenceD.arrogance43.A.ForinstanceB.IncontrastC.ThereforeD.Indeed44.A.uniqueB.isolatedC.competentD.victorious45.A.benefitB.sufferC.varyD.originate46.A.detrimentalB.beneficialC.neutralD.obsolete47.A.minimizingB.magnifyingC.analyzingD.ignoring48.A.stagnateB.regressC.persevereD.surrender49.A.inspiteofB.priortoC.asaresultofD.inadditionto50.A.fragileB.stagnantC.adaptiveD.rigid第四部分翻译（15分）SectionA(7points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Positivepsychology,asubfieldfoundedbyMartinSeligman,shiftsthefocusofpsychologyfromsolelyrepairingtheworstthingsinlifetoalsobuildingthebestqualities.Itisthescientificstudyofwhatenablesindividualsandcommunitiestothrive.Thisfieldinvestigatesstrengths,virtues,andfactorsthatcontributetoafulfillinglife,suchashappiness,well-being,gratitude,resilience,andcompassion.Ratherthanviewingpeopleaspassivevesselsofstimuliandresponses,positivepsychologyemphasizeshumanagencyandthecapacityforgrowth,meaning,andconnectionthroughoutthelifespan.SectionB(8points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.认知行为疗法（CBT）是一种广泛使用的、以实证为基础的心理治疗方法。它基于这样一个核心理念：我们的想法、感受和行为是相互关联的，消极的思维模式和不切实际的信念会导致情绪困扰和行为问题。CBT通过帮助个体识别、挑战并最终改变这些扭曲的认知和行为模式来发挥作用。治疗通常是短期的、目标导向的，并注重教授来访者实用的技能，以便他们能够成为自己的治疗师。第五部分写作（15分）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicgivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.Topic:TheImpactofSocialMediaonAdolescentMentalHealth:APsychologicalPerspective答案与解析第一部分词汇与语法结构SectionA1.D.divulge解析：divulge意为“泄露，透露”。句意：治疗师保持无条件积极关注的态度，创造了一个让来访者感到安全并可以透露内心最深恐惧的环境。evoke唤起；provoke挑衅，引起；invoke调用，祈求。2.A.corroborated解析：corroborate意为“证实，确证”。句意：最近的神经影像学研究证实了长期持有的假设，即特定大脑区域负责处理面部识别。deteriorate恶化；obliterate抹去；fabricate捏造。3.A.discrepancy解析：discrepancy意为“差异，不一致”。句意：当一个人的信仰和行为之间存在不一致时，就会出现认知失调现象。consensus共识；resonance共鸣；persistence坚持。4.C.cursory解析：cursory意为“粗略的，仓促的”。句意：该研究者的方法论因其缺乏严谨性而受到批评；抽样程序随意，数据分析粗略。meticulous一丝不苟的；superfluous多余的；exhaustive详尽的。5.C.profound解析：profound意为“深刻的，深远的”。句意：童年早期经历会对人格发展产生深远影响，塑造持续到成年的特质。ephemeral短暂的；inconsequential不重要的；negligible可忽略的。6.A.preclude解析：preclude意为“阻止，排除”。句意：伦理准则阻止心理学家与来访者建立双重关系，以避免利益冲突。advocate提倡；facilitate促进；mandate命令，授权。7.B.currency解析：gaincurrency为固定搭配，意为“流行，获得认可”。句意：在过去的二十年里，“情商”这一概念在学术心理学和大众心理学中都获得了相当大的认可。trajectory轨迹；antiquity古代；notoriety恶名。8.B.ascertain解析：ascertain意为“查明，确定”。句意：为了确定新评估工具的有效性，该团队进行了一系列测试，将其与已有的黄金标准进行比较。undermine破坏；relinquish放弃；embellish修饰。9.B.debilitating解析：debilitating意为“使人衰弱的，造成虚弱的”。句意：该患者的恐惧症如此严重，以至于甚至想到遇到刺激物都会引发严重的恐慌发作。benign良性的；transient短暂的；adaptive适应的。10.C.contentious解析：contentious意为“有争议的，引起争论的”。句意：关于智力是天性还是教养的争论仍然存在争议，双方都提出了令人信服的证据。resolved已解决的；obsolete过时的；unanimous一致的。SectionB11.C.tends解析：主语是“childrenwhoareexposed...”，为复数，谓语动词应使用复数形式“tend”。12.C.have解析：“notonly...butalso...”连接两个并列分句，前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。主语是“it”（指代sleepdeprivation），为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数“has”。13.A.areanalyzing解析：主语是“Theresearcher”，为单数。“alongwithherassistants”是介词短语作状语，不影响主语的数。谓语动词应使用单数“isanalyzing”。14.A.maintains解析：在“Itisimperativethat...”句型中，that从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或直接使用动词原形。因此应改为“maintain”。15.D.to解析：“accountfor”是固定搭配，意为“解释，说明”。应改为“accountfornewempiricalfindings”。16.A.Comparingwith解析：分词短语的逻辑主语是“cognitive-behavioraltherapy”，与“compare”是被动关系（被比较），应使用过去分词“Comparedwith”。17.D.minimalrisk解析：此处无语法错误，但“involveminimalrisk”意为“涉及最小风险”，符合句意。全句意为：伦理审查委员会已批准该研究方案，确保所有参与者的权利将得到保护，且程序风险最小。18.D.wouldbe解析：本句为虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。从句“Hadtheexperimentbeendesigned...”相当于“Iftheexperimenthadbeendesigned...”，主句应使用“wouldhavebeen”。应改为“wouldhavebeenmoreconvincing”。19.D.was解析：定语从句“whenotherpeople(D)waspresent”修饰“asituation”，从句主语“otherpeople”为复数，谓语动词应用“were”。20.D.think解析：介词“of”后面应接名词或动名词。“patternsofthinkingandbehavior”意为“思维和行为模式”。应改为“thinking”。第二部分阅读理解Passage121.B解析：细节题。第一段第二句明确指出“Thesetoolsallowresearcherstoobservebrainactivityinreal-timewhilesubjectsengageinvariousmentaltasks”。22.B解析：词义/细节题。第一段第六行后对“neuro-reductionism”进行解释：“thetendencytoexplaincomplexpsychologicalphenomenasolelyintermsofbrainactivity”。23.B解析：细节题。第二段第二句提到“TheyarguethatwhilefMRIcanshowcorrelation,itisfarfromestablishingcausation.”24.C解析：细节题。第二段中间提到“overlookingthemultifacetedetiologyofpsychologicaldisorders”。25.C解析：主旨题。文章在肯定神经影像学贡献的同时，重点批评了还原论的局限，并在最后提出“Thetruechallenge...maylie...inintegratingthesebiologicalinsightswithhigher-levelpsychologicalandsocialexplanations.”选项C最全面地概括了文章核心信息。Passage226.B解析：细节题。第一段第二句给出了FAE的定义：“overemphasizepersonality-basedexplanationsforothers'behaviorswhileunderestimatingtheinfluenceofsituationalfactors”。27.C解析：细节题。第二段第一句提到“itmaybemorepronouncedinindividualisticWesternsocieties”。28.A解析：推断题。第二段最后提到，对于自己的行为，我们很清楚外部环境（“weareacutelyawareoftheexternalcircumstances”），这暗示我们拥有更多关于自身处境和内在状态的信息。29.B解析：细节排除题。第三段提到了A（socialconflict,prejudice）、C（blameculture）、D（legalsystem...），而B“增强共情和理解”是FAE的反面，是缓解FAE可能带来的结果，而非其后果。30.C解析：细节题。文章最后一句明确提到“activelyconsideringsituationalfactors,practicingperspective-taking”。Passage331.B解析：细节题。第一段第三句明确指出“thisoccursbecausethemeta-cognitiveskillsnecessaryforaccurateself-assessmentareoftenthesameskillslackinginthosewhoareincompetent”。32.B解析：细节题。第二段第一句提到“Theyassumethattaskswhichareeasyforthemarealsoeasyforothers—aformofcognitiveprojection.”33.B解析：细节题。第三段提到“MitigatingtheDunning-Krugereffectinvolvesfosteringacultureofcontinuousfeedback...anddevelopingcalibrationtraining”。34.C解析：细节排除题。第三段提到了A（education）、B（workplace）、D（self-knowledgeandpeerevaluation是文章提及的该效应所揭示的价值）。C项“医疗诊断准确性”未在文中提及。35.C解析：细节题。第一段最后一句提到“notonlyaretheyunskilled,buttheirlackofskilldeprivesthemoftheabilitytorecognizetheirowndeficiency.”Passage436.B解析：细节题。第一句即为核心前提：“thequalityoftheearlybond...hasprofoundandlastingimplicationsforanindividual'semotionalandsocialdevelopment.”37.C解析：细节题。第二段描述的安全型依恋特征与题目完全一致：“usethecaregiverasa'securebase'...distressedbyseparationbuteasilycomforteduponreunion”。38.B解析：细节题。第三段第二句明确说明：“Theyforminternalworkingmodels—cognitiveframeworksabouttheself,others,andrelationships—thatguidefutureinteractions.”39.C解析：细节题。第三段第三句指出“thesemodelscanberevisedthroughlaterexperiences”。40.C解析：细节题。最后一句提到“Ithasprofoundlyinfluencedfieldsfromdevelopmentalpsychologyandpsychopathologytoparentingeducationandclinicalpractice.”选项C概括最全面。第三部分完形填空41.B.foster解析：保护性因素应该是“培养”或“促进”resilience。undermine破坏；neglect忽视；simplify简化。42.A.confidence解析：与“apositiveviewofoneself”并列，应是“对自己能力的信心”。doubt怀疑；indifference冷漠；arrogance傲慢。43.D.Indeed解析：前句说韧性不是一个人“硬扛”，后句说社会支持是最关键的组成部分，后句是对前句的强调和进一步说明，用Indeed（确实，事实上）最合适。44.B.isolated解析：社会支持可以提醒人们，他们在挣扎中并不孤单/孤立。unique独特；competent有能力；victorious胜利的。45.C.vary解析：策略可能因人而异。benefit受益；suffer遭受；originate起源。46.B.beneficial解析：前面列举的都是建设性的策略，因此它们应该是有益的。detrimental有害的；neutral中立的；obsolete过时的。47.B.magnifying解析：保持视角，避免将危机“放大”成无法克服的灾难，与“maintainperspective”形成对比。minimizing最小化；analyzing分析；ignoring忽略。48.C.persevere解析：与“workthroughtheseemotions,learnfromtheexperience”并列，应是积极正向的行为“坚持不懈”。stagnate停滞；regress倒退；surrender投降。49.C.asaresultof解析：创伤后成长是“作为...的结果”在危机幸存后发生的。inspiteof尽管；priorto在...之前；inadditio