福建省厦门市某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1福建省厦门市某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月联考英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASciArtLab+StudioSummerInstituteProgramInthehighlycompetitiveSciArtLab+Studio,studentsdeeplytakepartinscienceandartpracticestodevelopbothanalyticalandcreativeskills.Thistwo-weekprogrampreparesstudentsforthethinkingabilitybasedondifferentdisciplines(学科)beforetheybegintheirundergraduateeducation,throughhistoricalretrospectives,surveysofcurrentart-sciencecooperation,andsciencefictionmoviescreenings.ApplicationrequirementsApplicantsmustprovidethefollowingforonlineregistration:·Anunofficialtranscript(成绩单)fromgrade9topresent.·A500-wordessayexplainingtheirinterestinaUCLAPrecollegeSummerInstitute,respondingtooneofthefollowingtopics:◆Chooseafavoritesci-fimovieorbookanddiscussexcitingideaswithinit.◆Ifyouplantopursuescienceincollege,shareyourartormusicinterests.◆Ifyouplantopursueartincollege,shareyourinterestinscienceandtechnology.·Optionalletterofrecommendationfromateacher.Residential/commuter(走读)Bothresidentialandcommutertracksareavailable.TheresidentialtrackisONLYavailabletostudentsaged17orolder.FeesvarybystudenttypeHighschoolstudentIncomingUCLAstudentIncomingUCstudentProgramFee:$2,250RegistrationFee:$350IEIFee:$61DocumentFee:$50ProgramFee:$1,826IEIFee:$61DocumentFee:$50Others:$166ProgramFee:$1,826RegistrationFee:$175IEIFee:$61Total:$2,711Total:$2,103Total:$2,062ResidentialprogramfeesTheprogramfeeslistedabovearefortheCommuterversiononly.FortheResidentialversion,theprogramfeesareasfollows,withallotherfeesremainingthesame.·HighSchoolStudent:$3,793·IncomingUCLAStudent:$3,369·IncomingUCStudent:$3,3691.Whatistheprimarygoaloftheprogram?A.TodevelopleadershipskillsB.Toteachsciencefictionwriting.C.Toexploreart-sciencecooperation.D.Todevelopinterdisciplinarythinking.2.Whatisamustforapplyingtotheprogram?A.Ateacher’srecommendationletter.B.Anofficialtranscriptfromgrade9.C.Anessayshowingpassionforjoining.D.AcertificationofEnglishproficiency.3.WhatisthetotalcostforanincomingUCLAstudentintheresidentialprogram?A.$2,103. B.$3,605. C.$3,646. D.$5,431.【答案】1.D2.C3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了加州大学洛杉矶分校科艺实验室暑期项目的目标、申请要求、住宿方式及不同学生的费用标准。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thistwo-weekprogrampreparesstudentsforthethinkingabilitybasedondifferentdisciplines(学科)beforetheybegintheirundergraduateeducation,throughhistoricalretrospectives,surveysofcurrentart-sciencecooperation,andsciencefictionmoviescreenings.(这个为期两周的项目通过历史回顾、当前艺术与科学合作的调查以及科幻电影放映，为学生们在开始本科教育之前打下基于不同学科的思维能力基础)”可知，项目的首要目标是培养跨学科思维。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Applicationrequirements部分“A500-wordessayexplainingtheirinterestinaUCLAPrecollegeSummerInstitute,respondingtooneofthefollowingtopics:(一篇500字的文章，阐述他们对加州大学洛杉矶分校大学预科暑期学院的兴趣，并对以下任一主题进行回应)”可知，申请该项目的必备材料是一篇体现报名热情的文章。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Feesvarybystudenttype部分，IncomingUCLAstudent的走读总费用为$2,103，其中包含ProgramFee$1,826、IEIFee$61、DocumentFee$50和Others$166；再根据Residentialprogramfees部分“IncomingUCLAStudent:$3,369(加州大学洛杉矶分校新生住宿项目费为3369美元)”以及“FortheResidentialversion,theprogramfeesareasfollows,withallotherfeesremainingthesame.(对于住宿版，项目费用如下，所有其他费用保持不变)”可知，住宿总费用为$3,369+$61+$50+$166=$3,646。故选C项。BIbelievethatmyactionsshowmybeliefs,notmywords.Iwrotealettertomykidsafewyearsago.It’sthreepageslong,anditsumsupmylifeexperienceoffourdecades.Bythetimetheyreachadulthood,theywillhaveheardmostoftheirfather’sadviceinthatletter:liveinthemoment,donotattachyourselftophysicalthings,treatothersthewayyouwouldliketobetreated,etc.Isealedtheletterinawhiteenvelope,andwroteinstructionsthatnobodyshouldopenitunlesssomethinghorriblehappenedtome.Asapoliceofficer,Ihaveseenlifedisappearinaninstant.Irealizethatcouldhappentomeatanytime.Yetknowingthatletteristhereinmylockermakesmemorecomfortablewithmyowndeath.Everyday,whenIopenmylocker,Iseetheletter.ItmakesmeawarethatIshouldbecarefulatwork,andshowmychildrenandthepeopleIhaveconnectionwiththatItrytopracticeeverythingIhavewritten.Ifthatdaycomesandmychildrenfinallyreadtheletter,Ihopethatbecauseofmyactions,theywilltakemywrittenbeliefstoheartandimproveuponmyexample.Butforme,it’snotenoughtowritedownmybeliefs.ItrytobethebestpersonIcanbeeveryday—eveninverydifficultcircumstances.IammoresuccessfulsomedaysthanothersbutsometimesIcursetoomuch.SometimesIamcynical,unwillingtobelievethatpeoplehavegoodandhonestreasonsfordoingsomething.Ialsogetstressedandupset,yellingatmykidssometimes,andsometimesIamnotaslovingorassympatheticasIshouldbe.Infact,Iamfarfromperfect,butIhopemychildrenwilleventuallyrealizethatperfectionisanillusion.Whatreallymattersisthat,insteadofjustwritingdownourbeliefs,wealltakeactiontobethebesthumanswecanbe.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Selfless. B.Considerate. C.Humble. D.Humorous.5.Whydidtheauthoropenthelockertoseethelettereveryday?A.Theletterservedasareminder. B.Hiskidsaskedhimtocheckit.C.Hekeptaddingsomethingnewtoit. D.Hewantedtoconfirmhisbeliefs.6.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“cynical”inthelastparagraph?A.Worriedabouthisfuturelife. B.Curiousabouteverythingaround.C.Unsatisfiedabouthisprofession. D.Doubtfulaboutothers’motivations.7.Whatistheauthor’sunderstandingoflife?A.Tobecomeasuccessfulfather. B.Parentsshouldcareforchildren.C.Tobebettertodaythanyesterday. D.Badguysdeservetobepunished.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者给孩子写人生经验信，以行动践行信中信念，明白践行信念远比写下信念更重要的道理。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Bythetimetheyreachadulthood,theywillhaveheardmostoftheirfather’sadviceinthatletter:liveinthemoment,donotattachyourselftophysicalthings,treatothersthewayyouwouldliketobetreated,etc.Isealedtheletterinawhiteenvelope,andwroteinstructionsthatnobodyshouldopenitunlesssomethinghorriblehappenedtome.(等到他们成年时，他们就会听到父亲在那封信中给出的大部分建议：活在当下，不要执着于物质的东西，以你希望被对待的方式对待他人，等等。我把信封进一个白色信封里，并写下说明：除非我遭遇不测，否则任何人不得打开它)”可知，作者提前写下包含四十年人生经验的信，留给孩子成年后参考，还特意注明除非自己遭遇不幸否则不得开启，既为孩子规划了人生指引，又避免提前打扰他们的成长，体现出对孩子的细心考量。故选B项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Everyday,whenIopenmylocker,Iseetheletter.ItmakesmeawarethatIshouldbecarefulatwork,andshowmychildrenandthepeopleIhaveconnectionwiththatItrytopracticeeverythingIhavewritten.(每天，当我打开储物柜看到这封信时，它会让我意识到工作中应该谨慎行事，并向我的孩子以及身边的人展示我努力践行信中所写的一切)”可知，这封信起到了提醒的作用。故选A项。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“SometimesIamcynical,unwillingtobelievethatpeoplehavegoodandhonestreasonsfordoingsomething.(有时我会cynical，不愿意相信人们做某事是出于善良且真诚的原因)”可知，此处表示不愿意相信人们做事情是出于善良和真诚，由此推知，作者会怀疑他人的动机，cynical意为“怀疑他人动机的”。故选D项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatreallymattersisthat,insteadofjustwritingdownourbeliefs,wealltakeactiontobethebesthumanswecanbe.(真正重要的是，我们不只是写下自己的信念，而是要采取行动，努力成为最好的自己)”可知，作者认为生活的意义是每天都努力变得更好。故选C项。CSetonaslopedplot(山坡)abovePragueinthecity’sTrojadistrict,VillaSophiahasnokeys,nolightswitchesandapianothatcanplaybyitself.ThehousecanclosethewindowswhenitrainsandreadaloudmaterialsithasselectedfromtheInternet,basedontheowners’interests.“Thehouseislikeabrain,”saidMichaelaPankova,whosharesthehomewithherhusband,KarelPanek,andtheirdaughters.“Itmakesdecisionsforyoubasedonpreviousexperience.”Thehome,designedbythePrague-basedfirmCollColl,isintendedtogobeyondautomatedtoautonomous.“Aswesay,ifwehavetocontrolitourselves,it’snotsmartenough,”saidMr.Panek,acomputerscientist.Thecouplewantednocompromises(妥协)inqualityandefficiency.Whentheycouldn’tfindatechnologythatmettheirstandards,Mr.Panek,thebrainbehindhishome’sbrain,designedhisownsystem.Whilefamilymembersgoabouttheirdailylives,thesystemcollectsdataandevaluatesthatdatainrealtime,thencomesupwithsolutionsandimplements(实施)them.Itcanacceptdeliverieswhenthefamilyisn’thome,thankstoindividualcontrolofeverydoorfromafarandevaluationofthehome’sexternalcontext.Itcanpreheatthedrivewaytoclearsnowandice(butonlyifitpredictsitsuse,savingenergyotherwise)andlockthedoors.Putenergyefficiency,homesecurityandconvenienceaside,thesystem’struebenefitisthatindevelopingbeyondasmarthomesystemtoasmarthomeitfreesthehomeownerfromtheburdenofconstantcontrol.Mr.Panekcallshimselfatechnologyoptimist,butMrs.Pankovasaidittookhersometimetowarmuptothesystem.“InthebeginningIwasn’tintotheideaoflivinginanAIhouse,”shesaid.“Duringthetimeofthepreparationandlatertheconstruction,Islowlystartedtobeopentotheidea.”8.WhatcanwelearnaboutVillaSophia?A.Itrunsautomatically. B.Itcanreadwhatitfavorsonline.C.Itispoorlyconstructed. D.Itcankeepoffextremeweather.9.Whodidsomeextraworktoimprovethecontrolsystemofthehouse?A.CollColl. B.Mr.Panek.C.Mrs.Pankova. D.Thecouple’skids.10.Whatisthebestadvantageofthesmarthome?A.Pickingupdeliveries. B.Achievingsmartenergysaving.C.Preheatingthedriveway. D.Sparingtheownercontrolburden.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.VillaSophia:Self-RunningHomeB.VillaSophia:Auto-WindowHomeC.VillaSophia:Energy-SavingHomeD.VillaSophia:Remote-ControlHome【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是位于布拉格特罗亚（Troja）区山坡上一处名为索菲亚别墅（VillaSophia）的智能住宅的独特设计与功能，以及它给居住者带来的全新生活体验。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Setonaslopedplot(山坡)abovePragueinthecity’sTrojadistrict,VillaSophiahasnokeys,nolightswitchesandapianothatcanplaybyitself.ThehousecanclosethewindowswhenitrainsandreadaloudmaterialsithasselectedfromtheInternet,basedontheowners’interests.(索菲亚别墅（VillaSophia）坐落在布拉格特罗亚区（Troja）的一块斜坡上，没有钥匙，没有电灯开关，只有一架可以自动弹奏的钢琴。房子可以在下雨的时候关上窗户，根据主人的兴趣，大声朗读从互联网上选择的材料。)”可知，VillaSophia会自动运行。故选A。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Whentheycouldn’tfindatechnologythatmettheirstandards,Mr.Panek,thebrainbehindhishome’sbrain,designedhisownsystem.Whilefamilymembersgoabouttheirdailylives,thesystemcollectsdataandevaluatesthatdatainrealtime,thencomesupwithsolutionsandimplements(实施)them.(当他们找不到符合其标准的技术时，身为自家房屋智能系统“幕后大脑”的帕内克先生（Mr.Panek）便自行设计了一套系统。在家庭成员各自过着日常生活的同时，该系统会实时收集数据并对这些数据进行分析评估，随后想出解决方案并加以实施。)”可知，Mr.Panek做了一些额外的工作来改善房子的控制系统。故选B。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Putenergyefficiency,homesecurityandconvenienceaside,thesystem’struebenefitisthatindevelopingbeyondasmarthomesystemtoasmarthomeitfreesthehomeownerfromtheburdenofconstantcontrol.(抛开能源效率、家庭安全和便利不提，该系统的真正好处在于，在从智能家居系统发展到智能家居的过程中，它将房主从持续控制的负担中解放出来。)”可知，这个智能家居的最大优势是减轻业主的控制负担。故选D。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Setonaslopedplot(山坡)abovePragueinthecity’sTrojadistrict,VillaSophiahasnokeys,nolightswitchesandapianothatcanplaybyitself.ThehousecanclosethewindowswhenitrainsandreadaloudmaterialsithasselectedfromtheInternet,basedontheowners’interests.(索菲亚别墅（VillaSophia）坐落在布拉格特罗亚区（Troja）的一块斜坡上，没有钥匙，没有电灯开关，只有一架可以自动弹奏的钢琴。房子可以在下雨的时候关上窗户，根据主人的兴趣，大声朗读从互联网上选择的材料。)”可知，本文主要讲的是位于布拉格特罗亚（Troja）区山坡上一处名为索菲亚别墅（VillaSophia）的智能住宅的独特设计与功能，以及它给居住者带来的全新生活体验，因此最好的题目是A选项“VillaSophia:Self-RunningHome(别墅索菲亚：自我运行的家)”。故选A。DImagineabusyrestaurant;dishesclattering,musicplaying,peopletalkingloudlyoveroneanother.It’sawonderthatanyoneinthatkindofenvironmentcanfocusenoughtohaveaconversation.AnewstudybyresearchersatBrownUniversity’sCarneyInstituteforBrainScienceprovidessomeofthemostdetailedinsightsintothebrainmechanismsthathelppeoplepayattentioninsuchdistraction,aswellaswhat’shappeningwhentheycan’tfocus.Inanearlierpsychologystudy,theresearchersestablishedthatpeoplecanseparatelycontrolhowmuchtheyfocus(byenhancingrelevantinformation)andhowmuchtheyfilter(bytuningoutdistraction).Theteam’snewresearch,publishedinNatureHumanBehaviour,showstheprocessbywhichthebraincombinesthesetwocriticalfunctions.Toconductthestudy,RitzadministeredacognitivetasktoparticipantswhilemeasuringtheirbrainactivityinanFMRI(FunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging)machine.Participantssawaswirlingmassofgreenandpurpledotsmovingleftandright,likeaswarmoffireflies.Thetasks,whichvariedindifficulty,involveddistinguishingbetweenthemovementandcolorsofthedots.Forexample,participantsinoneexercisewereinstructedtoselectwhichcolorwasinthemajorityfortherapidlymovıngdotswhentherateofpurpletogreenwasalmost50/50.Ritzandhisco-writerShenhavthencomparedtheprocesstohowhumansharmonizemuscleactivitytoperformcomplexphysicaltasks.“Inthesamewaythatwebringtogethermorethan50musclestoperformaphysicaltasklikeusingchopsticks,ourstudyfoundthatwecanintegratemultiplevarietiesofconcentrationsinordertoperformactsofmentalflexibility,”saidRitz,whoconductedthestudyasaPhDstudentatBrown.“Thesefindingscanhelpustounderstandhowwehumansareabletoexhibitsuchtremendouscognitiveflexibility—topayattentiontowhatwewant,whenwewantto,”Shenhavsaid.“Theycanalsohelpusbetterunderstandlimitationsonthatflexibility,andhowlimitationsmightappearincertainattention-relateddisorderssuchasADHD(注意力缺陷及多动障碍),whichwewillstudyandconductinthefuture.”12.Whydoestheauthortalkaboutthebusyrestaurantatthebeginningofthetext?A.Tocomplainwhypeoplecan’tfocusattention.B.Toshowpeople’sattentionamongdistraction.C.Tocallonconversationinthebusyrestaurant.D.Toshowoneexampleofworkingenvironment.13.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theresearchresult. B.Theresearchparticipants.C.Theresearchquestions. D.Theresearchprocess.14.Whatdopeopledowhentheyarecarryingoutflexibleacts?A.Theyadjustvariousformsofattention.B.Theybringtogethermorethan50muscles.C.Theypayattentiontothecomplexphysicaltask.D.Theyuseinstrumentslikechopstickstohelpthem.15.AccordingtoShenhav,whatcantheresearchersdointhefuture?A.Ensurecognition. B.Researchdiseases.C.Showflexibility. D.Limitattention.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.B【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了布朗大学卡尼脑科学研究所为了解帮助人们在分心时集中注意力的大脑机制，以及当他们无法集中注意力时发生了什么所进行的研究。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“AnewstudybyresearchersatBrownUniversity’sCarneyInstituteforBrainScienceprovidessomeofthemostdetailedinsightsintothebrainmechanismsthathelppeoplepayattentioninsuchdistraction,aswellaswhat’shappeningwhentheycan’tfocus.(布朗大学卡尼脑科学研究所的研究人员进行的一项新研究提供了一些最详细的见解，以了解帮助人们在这种分心时集中注意力的大脑机制，以及当他们无法集中注意力时发生了什么。)”可知，文章开始提到人们在嘈杂的餐厅能够专注于自己的谈话，而不会分心，是为了显示人们在有干扰的环境中的注意力。故选B。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Participantssawaswirlingmassofgreenandpurpledotsmovingleftandright,likeaswarmoffireflies.Thetasks,whichvariedindifficulty,involveddistinguishingbetweenthemovementandcolorsofthedots.Forexampleparticipantsinoneexercisewereinstructedtoselectwhichcolorwasinthemajorityfortherapidlymovıngdotswhentherateofpurpletogreenwasalmost50/50.(参与者看到一团绿色和紫色的圆点左右旋转，就像一群萤火虫，这些任务的难度各不相同，包括区分点的运动和颜色。例如，在一项练习中，参与者被要求在紫色到绿色的比例几乎是50%的情况下，选择快速movıng点的大多数颜色。)”可知，该段主要介绍了研究的具体过程。故选D。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Inthesamewaythatwebringtogethermorethan50musclestoperformaphysicaltasklikeusingchopsticks,ourstudyfoundthatwecanintegratemultiplevarietiesofconcentrationsinordertoperformactsofmentalflexibility,(我们的研究发现，就像我们需要50多块肌肉来完成像使用筷子这样的体力任务一样，我们可以将多种注意力集中在一起，以完成心理灵活性的动作，)”可知，当人们进行灵活性动作时，会调节不同形式的注意力，把它们集中在一起。故选A。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Shenhav的话“Theycanalsohelpusbetterunderstandlimitationsonthatflexibility,andhowlimitationsmightappearincertainattention-relateddisorderssuchasADHD(注意力缺陷及多动障碍),whichwewillstudyandconductinthefuture.(它们还可以帮助我们更好地理解这种灵活性的局限性，以及局限性如何出现在某些与注意力相关的疾病中，如注意力缺陷及多动障碍，我们将在未来对它们进行研究。)”可知，Shenhav表明研究者们未来会研究某些与注意力相关的疾病。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Shynessisnormalanditisnotconsideredasamentalproblem.Allpeoplehavebeenshyatonetimeoranother.Eventhemostconfidentpeopleexperiencedbeingshy.____16____Youprobablyarewonderingwhyyouareshy.Itmaybebecauseoftheenvironmentyouwereusedtoorthewayyouwerebroughtup.Certaineventsorincidentsinthepastmayalsoleadtothereasonwhyyouareshynow.____17____Mostshypeoplehaveshyparentsandrelativesanditisnotsurprisingtofindoutthattheytoohavebecomeshypersons.Oneofthenegativesidesofbeingshyishavingthetendencytobepassive.Mostofthetimeshypeoplecan’tstandupforthemselvesandwhattheybelieveisright.____18____Thisapparentlyinfluencestheirsociallifeaswellaswork,familyandotheraspectsoftheirlife.Whileshynesshasnegativeaspects,ithaspositivesides.Shypeopleareusuallygoodobserversanddonotgetthemselvesintotoomuchtroublebecausetheytrytoobservetheirenvironmentoranysituationbeforetheyact.____19____Theycanalsomakegreatfriends.Sincetheyhavedifficultiesinsocialscenes,makingfriendsseemstobeamust.Therefore,theyvaluetheirfriendswholeheartedlyandhaveproventobeloyalandthoughtfulfriends.____20____Someofthembornwithshyparentshavesuccessfullybattledagainstbeingshy.Thiscontributestotheirconstantself-improvement,developingself-esteemandtryingtobeexposedtonewenvironments.A.Butinmostcases,shynessprovestobegenetic.B.Somepeopleareborntobeshy,sotheyletitgohang.C.Theyaresensitiveandaccustomedtogettingsuspicious.D.Theynaturallyavoidcrowds,groupsandsocialinteractions.E.Soifyou’refeelingshy,don’tworrybecauseyouarenotalone.F.Althoughshynessissomethinginborn,itcanbeimprovedovertime.G.Theyarenothot-headedandthinktwicebeforemakinganydecisions.【答案】16.E17.A18.D19.G20.F【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章分析了人们会害羞的原因、介绍了害羞的弊端和益处以及害羞是可以慢慢克服的这一事实。【16题详析】第一段是全文的开篇，前三句话“Shynessisnormalanditisnotconsideredasamentalproblem.Allpeoplehavebeenshyatonetimeoranother.Eventhemostconfidentpeopleexperiencedbeingshy.(害羞是正常的，它不被认为是一种心理问题。所有的人都有过害羞的时候。即使是最自信的人也有过害羞的经历。)”讲到害羞是正常现象，所有人，包括最自信的人，都曾害羞过，E项“Soifyou’refeelingshy,don’tworrybecauseyouarenotalone.(所以，如果你感到害羞，不要担心，因为你并不孤单。)”是本段的结论，正因为人人都会害羞，所以不用担心，与上文构成因果关系。故选E。【17题详析】上文“Itmaybebecauseoftheenvironmentyouwereusedtoorthewayyouwerebroughtup.Certaineventsorincidentsinthepastmayalsoleadtothereasonwhyyouareshynow.(这可能是因为你所习惯的环境或你成长的方式。过去的某些事件也可能导致你现在害羞的原因。)”讲感到害羞可能与成长环境和特定事件等外部因素有关，而下文“Mostshypeoplehaveshyparentsandrelativesanditisnotsurprisingtofindoutthattheytoohavebecomeshypersons.(大多数害羞的人都有害羞的父母和亲戚，所以发现他们也变成了害羞的人并不奇怪。)”讲害羞可能来自父母亲戚的遗传、基因，是内部因素，上下文之间有转折对比关系，A项“Butinmostcases,shynessprovestobegenetic.(但在大多数情况下，害羞是遗传的。)”起到承上启下的作用。故选A。【18题详析】根据下文“Thisapparentlyinfluencestheirsociallifeaswellaswork,familyandotheraspectsoftheirlife.(这显然影响了他们的社交生活、工作、家庭和生活的其他方面。)”中指示代词this可知，上文中应出现其指代内容，而且该内容会影响到人们的社会生活以及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面，D项“Theynaturallyavoidcrowds,groupsandsocialinteractions.(他们天生避免人群、群体和社会互动。)”中所描述害羞的人会“避开人群，远离群体和社会交往”这一行为，会对人们的方方面面造成极大的影响，正是下文代词this指代的对象，与下文构成逻辑上的顺承关系。故选D。【19题详析】根据段首中心句“Whileshynesshasnegativeaspects,ithaspositivesides.(虽然害羞有消极的一面，但它也有积极的一面。)”可知，本段主要介绍“害羞”的积极意义，G项“Theyarenothot-headedandthinktwicebeforemakinganydecisions.(他们不是头脑发热的人，在做任何决定之前都会三思。)”讲害羞的人做事情会深思熟虑，这是对中心句中“positivesides”的举例说明，同时，与其上文和下文构成并列关系，都是对中心句的举例说明。故选G。【20题详析】根据下文“Someofthembornwithshyparentshavesuccessfullybattledagainstbeingshy.Thiscontributestotheirconstantself-improvement,developingself-esteemandtryingtobeexposedtonewenvironments.(有些出生在害羞父母家庭的孩子已经成功地克服了自己的害羞。这有助于他们不断自我完善，发展自尊，并试图接触新的环境。)”可知，本段主要讲了害羞是可以战胜的，F项“Althoughshynessissomethinginborn,itcanbeimprovedovertime.(虽然害羞是天生的，但它可以随着时间的推移而改善。)”讲害羞可以改善，作为段首中心句，是对全段内容的准确概括，且句中“itcanbeimproved”与下文“theirconstantself-improvement,developingself-esteem”相照应。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OneofmyfirstinternationaltripsasanadultwastravelingaroundtheCaribbean.UponarrivalinJamaica,I____21____atmyhotelandaskedforarecommendationforalocalplacetoeat.Thereceptionist(接待员)toldmenevershouldIgointothetownbecauseitwasreally____22____.DidIreallywantto____23____allmytimeonthebeachwithoutgettingtoknowtheculture?Absolutelynot.SooutIwent.Thepoverty____24____meintheface.Afteronlyseeingfancydestinations,therealitywashardto____25____.Afewlocalsapproachedmeandwere____26____astowhatIwasdoingtherealone.ItoldthemIwasinterestedinmeetingthemandexperiencingtheir____27____.Andjustlikethat,Iwas____28____.Aftermeetingmorenatives,tryinghome-madefood,anddancingthenightaway,I____29____howtheywantedtomakemefeelwelcomeandthey____30____did.Withsolittle,theystillshareditwithmeinagestureof____31____.Icouldnotresistthinkingabouthowtouristincome____32____sharplyforbigcompaniesannually,whilethelocalshavetobe____33____iftheygetajobthatpaysminimumwage.Fromthenon,Ialwayslookedfor____34____accommodation,restaurants,andsouvenirs.Sustainabledevelopment,witheverythingitinvolves,becamearuleformeandchangedthe____35____ofmytravelling.21.A.wokeup B.hungout C.checkedin D.stayedover22.A.overbuilt B.overstaffed C.undersized D.underdeveloped23.A.save B.spend C.fix D.manage24.A.stared B.touched C.warned D.marked25.A.change B.swallow C.escape D.reflect26.A.confident B.crazy C.critical D.curious27.A.culture B.hardship C.food D.lifestyle28.A.cheated B.accepted C.rejected D.praised29.A.predicted B.ignored C.wondered D.appreciated30.A.unwillingly B.unexpectedly C.unquestionably D.uncomfortably31.A.honesty B.generosity C.courage D.sympathy32.A.declines B.drops C.varies D.rises33.A.gentle B.patient C.grateful D.cautious34.A.well-maintained B.highly-praised C.locally-owned D.centrally-located35.A.nature B.plan C.cost D.destination【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.B26.D27.A28.B29.D30.C31.B32.D33.C34.C35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在牙买加旅行时，不顾劝阻走进小镇，感受当地人的热情与分享，此后倡导选择本地相关的旅行消费，改变了自己的旅行本质。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：到达牙买加后，我在酒店办理了入住手续，并请他们推荐一个当地的用餐地点。A.wokeup醒来；B.hungout闲逛；C.checkedin登记入住；D.stayedover过夜。根据上文“OneofmyfirstinternationaltripsasanadultwastravelingaroundtheCaribbean.”以及下文“atmyhotel”可知，此处指作者到达后，在酒店办理入住手续。故选C。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接待员告诉我千万不要去镇上，因为那里真的很不发达。A.overbuilt过度建设的；B.overstaffed人员过多的；C.undersized尺寸不足的；D.underdeveloped不发达的。根据下文“Thepoverty________meintheface.”可知，当地贫穷，所以是不发达的。故选D。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的想把所有的时间都花在海滩上而不去了解当地的文化吗？A.save节省；B.spend花费；C.fix修理；D.manage管理。根据下文“allmytimeonthebeachwithoutgettingtoknowtheculture”可知，此处指作者想把时间花在海滩上。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：贫困直面冲击着我。A.stared凝视；B.touched触摸；C.warned警告；D.marked标记。根据下文“Afteronlyseeingfancydestinations,therealitywashardto________.”以及语境可知，此处表示作者看到当地的贫困，即贫穷直面冲击着作者。staresb.intheface表示“直面冲击某人”。故选A。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在只看到过豪华的旅游目的地之后，这个现实很难接受。A.change改变；B.swallow接受；C.escape逃跑；D.reflect反映。根据上文“Afteronlyseeingfancydestinations,therealitywashardto”可知，现实与想象中的豪华旅游目的地相差很大，所以是很难接受的。故选B。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个当地人走近我，对我独自一人在那里做什么感到好奇。A.confident自信的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.critical关键的；D.curious好奇的。根据下文“astowhatIwasdoingtherealone.ItoldthemIwasinterestedinmeetingthemandexperiencingtheir________.”可知，作者告诉当地人自己在做什么，由此推知，当地人对作者独自一人在那里感到好奇、询问作者在做什么。故选D。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他们我有兴趣认识他们并体验他们的文化。A.culture文化；B.hardship艰难；C.food食物；D.lifestyle生活方式。根据上文“DidIreallywantto________allmytimeonthebeachwithoutgettingtoknowtheculture?”以及下文“Aftermeetingmorenatives,tryinghome-madefood,anddancingthenightaway,I________howtheywantedtomakemefeelwelcomeandthey________did.”可知，作者想了解并体验当地的文化。故选A。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就这样，我被接受了。A.cheated欺骗；B.accepted接受；C.rejected拒绝；D.praised赞扬。根据下文“I________howtheywantedtomakemefeelwelcomeandthey________did.Withsolittle,theystillshareditwithmeinagestureof________.”可知，当地人让作者感觉受欢迎并与作者分享，由此可推知，此处表示作者被当地人接受了。故选B。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在认识了更多的当地人，品尝了自制的食物，跳了一整夜的舞之后，我感激他们想让我感到受欢迎，而且他们无疑做到了。A.predicted预测；B.ignored忽视；C.wondered想知道；D.appreciated感激。根据下文“howtheywantedtomakemefeelwelcomeandthey________did.”可知，作者感激当地人的热情。故选D。【30题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在认识了更多的当地人，品尝了自制的食物，跳了一整夜的舞之后，我感激他们想让我感到受欢迎，而且他们无疑做到了。A.unwillingly不情愿地；B.unexpectedly意外地；C.unquestionably无疑地；D.uncomfortably不舒服地。结合作者的体验，当地人确实成功让他感受到了欢迎，此处用unquestionably强调确定性故选C。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们拥有的东西如此之少，却仍以慷慨的姿态与我分享。A.honesty诚实；B.generosity慷慨；C.courage勇气；D.sympathy同情。根据上文“Withsolittle,theystillshareditwithme”可知，当地人与作者分享，所以此处表示当地人很慷慨。故选B。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我忍不住想到，大公司的旅游收入每年急剧上升，而当地人如果找到一份最低工资的工作，就必须心存感激。A.declines下降；B.drops掉落；C.varies变化；D.rises上升。根据下文“whilethelocalshavetobe________iftheygetajobthatpaysminimumwage.”以及语境可知，此处表示大公司的旅游收入每年急剧上升。故选D。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我忍不住想到，大公司的旅游收入每年急剧上升，而当地人如果找到一份最低工资的工作，就必须心存感激。A.gentle温柔的；B.patient耐心的；C.grateful感激的；D.cautious谨慎的。根据下文“iftheygetajobthatpaysminimumwage.”可知，此处表示如果当地人找到一份最低工资的工作就必须心存感激。故选C。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我总是寻找当地人拥有的住宿、餐馆和纪念品。A.well-maintained维护良好的；B.highly-praised高度赞扬的；C.locally-owned当地人拥有的；D.centrally-located位于中心的。根据上文“whilethelocalshavetobe________iftheygetajobthatpaysminimumwage.”可知，作者支持当地人，所以作者会寻找当地人拥有的住宿、餐馆和纪念品。故选C。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：可持续发展，以及它所涉及的一切，成为我的准则，改变了我的旅行本质。A.nature本质；B.plan计划；C.cost成本；D.destination目的地。根据上文“Sustainabledevelopment,witheverythingitinvolves,becamearuleforme”可知，可持续发展改变了作者的旅行本质。故选A。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OnalmosteverystreetcornerinTianjin,you’llfindsmallstandswithhot,shiningpans.Therisingsteamcarries____36____nicesmellof