考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷643

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷643

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Inasweepingchangetohowmostofits1,800employeesarcpaid,theUnionSquare

HospitalityGroupwilleliminatetippingatUnionSquareCafeandits12other

restaurantsbytheendofnextyear,thecompany'schiefexecutive,DannyMeyer,saidon

Wednesday.ThemovewillaffectNewYorkCitybusinesses.Thefirstwillbethe

Modern,insidetheMuseumofModernArt,startingnextmonth.Theotherswill

graduallyfollow.Asmallnumberofrestaurantsaroundthecountryhavereducedor

eliminatedtippinginthelastseveralyears.Someputasurchargeonthebill,allowingthe

restaurantstosetthepayforalltheiremployees.Others,includingBrunoPizza,anew

restaurantintheEastVillage,factorthecostofanhourlywageforserversintotheir

menuprices.UnionSquareHospitalityGroupwilldothelatter.TheModernwillbethe

pilotrestaurant,Mr.Meyersaid,becauseitschef,AbramBissell,hasbeenagitatingfor

higherpaytoattractskilledcooks.Theaveragehourlywageforkitchenemployeesatthe

restaurantisexpectedtoriseto$15.25from$11.75.Mr.Meyersaidthatrestaurantssuch

ashisneededtostaycompetitiveasthestatemovedtoa$15minimumwageforfast­

foodworkers.Ifcooks'wagesdonotkeeppacewiththecostofliving,hesaid,"it'snot

goingtobesustainabletoattracttheculinarytalentthatthecityneedstokeepitsedge.”

Mr.Meyersaidhehopedtobeabletoraisepayforjuniordiningroommanagersandfor

cooks,dishwashersandotherkitchenworkers.Thewagegapisoneofseveralissues

citedbyrestaurateurswhohavedeletedthetiplinefromchecks.Somebelieveitisunfair

forservers1paytobeaffectedbyfactorsthathavenothingtodowithperformance.Arash

ofclassactionlawsuitsovertippingirregularities,manyofwhichhavebeensettledfor

millionsofdollars,isamountingworry.ScottRosenberg,anownerofSushiYasudain

Manhattan,saidinaninterviewin2013thathehadeliminatedtippingsohisrestaurant

couldmorecloselyfollowthecustomsofJapan,wheretippingisrare.Hesaidhealso

hopedhiscustomerswouldenjoyleavingthetablewithouthavingtosolveamath

problem.WhileDrewNieporent,whoownsninerestaurantsinNewYorkCityandonein

London,saidhedoubted:heaveragedinerwouldacceptanincreaseinprices."Tippingis

awayoflifeinthiscountry/'hesaid."Itmaynotbeth?perfectsystem,butit'sour

system.It'sanAmericansystem."

1、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninNewYorkCity?

A、1,800employeesoftheUnionSquareHospitalityGroupwillbepaidasmuchas

before.

B、Tipsin13restaurantsoftheUnionSquareHospitalityGroupwillberemoved.

C>AllthebusinesswillbeaffectedbyDannyMeyer'sactionandeliminatetipping.

D、TherewillbeanewtippingsystemintheModern,insidetheMuseumofModem

Art.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段。根据该段第一句中的the

UnionSquareHospitalityGroupwilleliminatetippingatUnionSquareCafeandits12

otherreslaurants可知，联合广场餐饮集团将取消联合广场咖啡馆和旗下另外12家

餐馆的小费，共取消13家餐馆的小费。由此可知B项为正确答案。

2、By"dothelatter"(Para.2).thewriterprobablymeansUnionSquareHospitality

Groupwill.

A、reducetips

B、decreaseprices

C、explainthatpricesinclude"hospitality"

D^provideblanklinesfortipsonchecks

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。该段的首句是主题句“在过去几年里，美国的少数几家餐馆

减少或取消了小费“，第二、三句分别介绍了两个情况，句首由Some和Others引

导。第四句说了联合广场餐饮集团的做法，将采用后者，即Others所在的句子。

faclor作为动词，意为“把……作为因素计入”，故第三句意为“还有些餐馆是把服务

员的平均小时工资加到菜价里”。因此C项“解释说明菜价包含，服务费加与文章一

致，为正确答案。

3、WhydocsDannyMeyermaketheModernbethefirstrestauranttoeliminatetipping?

A^Tipscannotbedistributedtoitsskilledcooks.

B、Itschefarguesstronglyforhigherpaytoattractculinarytalents.

C>Thewagesitscooksearndonotkeeppacewiththecostofliving.

D^Compensationchefsreceiveremainsroughlythesamewithservers'.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。题干中部分关键词在第一段中出现过，但与题干问题相关的

内容出现在第三段。该段第一句中的pilot相当于题干中的thefirst,根据because

itschef,AbramBissell,hasbeenagitatingforhigherpaytoattractskilledcooks.（因为

它的大厨艾布拉姆-比塞尔一直主张通过支付更高的报酬来吸引熟练厨师）。B项中

的arguesstrongly和culinarytalents分别是文中agitating和skilledcooks的同义替

换。故B项为正确答案。

4、ItisbelievedthatcustomerserviceworkersmayNOTreceivetipsbasedon.

A、theirservice

theweather

C^raceandage

D、theircustomer'smoods

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词定位到第四段。根据该段第二句Some

believeitisunfairforservers'paytobeaffectedbyfactorsthathavenothingtodowith

performance.（有些人认为，服务员的报酬受到与服务表现无关的因素的影响，这

样很不公平），可知A为正确答案。

5、Theauthor'sattitudetowardstips'eliminationseemstobe

A、favorable

B、skeptical

C、uncertain

D、objective

标准答案：D

知识点解析：态度题。艰据题干关键词定位到全文。第一段指出文章的话题“联合

广场餐饮集团的首席执行官丹尼•梅耶说，该集团将取消联合广场咖啡馆和旗下另

外12家餐馆的小费”。第二段说明取消小费的形式，第三、四段说明原因。最后一

段是不同餐馆老板对这一举措的不同态度。作者就事论事，态度是客观的，故D

项为正确答案。

Ifyouareanythinglikeme,youleftthetheaterafterSexandtheCity2andthoughtthere

oughttobealawagainstalooks-basedcultureinwhichtheonlywayfor40-year-old

actressestobecompensatedlike40-year-oldactorsistohavethemlookanddresslike

theteenagedaughtersof40-year-oldactors.MeetDeborahRhode,aStanfordlaw

professorwhoproposesalegalregimeinwhichdiscriminationonthebasisoflooksisas

seriousasdiscriminationbasedongenderorrace.Inaprovocativenewbook,TheBeauty

Bias,RhodelaysoutthecaseforanAmericainwhichappearancediscriminationisno

longerallowed.ThatmeansHooterscan'tfireitsserversforbeingtooheavy,asallegedly

happenedlastmonthtoawaitressinMichiganwhosaysshereceivednothingbut

excellentreviewsbutweighed132pounds.Rhodeisathermostpersuasivewhenarguing

thatinAmerica,discriminationagainstunattractivewomenandshortmenisas

perniciousandwidespreadasbiasbasedonrace,sex,age,ethnicity,religion,and

disability.Rhodecitesresearchtoproveherpoint:11percentofsurveyedcouplessay

theywouldabortafetuspredisposedtowardobesity.Collegestudentstellsurveyors

they'dratherhaveaspousewhoisanembezzler,druguser,orashoplifterthanonewho

isobese.Andallofthisiscompoundedbyavirtuallyunregulatedbeautyanddiet

industryandsoaringratesofelectivecosmeticsurgery.RhoderemindsushowHillary

ClintonandSoniaSotomayorweresavagedbythemediafortheirlooks,andsaysit'sno

surprisethatSarahPalinpaidhermakeupartistmorethananymemberofherstaffinher

runforthevicepresidency.Andtheproblemwithmakingappearancediscrimination

illegalisthatAmericansjustreally,reallylikehotgirls.Andsolongasbeingahotgirlis

deemedabonafideoccupationalqualification,therewillbecocktailwaitressesfiredfor

gainingthreepounds.It'snotjustAmericanmenwholikethingsthisway.Thetruthis

thatwomenfeelgoodaboutcompetinginbeautypageants.Toputitanotherway,

appearancebiasisamassivesocietalproblemwithtangibleeconomiccoststhatmostof

us一perhapsespeciallywomen-perpetuateeachtimewebuyadietpillorsneeratfat

women.Thisdoesn'tmeanweshouldn'tworktowarderadicatingdiscriminationbasedon

appearance.Butitmaymeanrecognizingthatthelawwon'tstopusfromdiscriminating

againsttheoverweight,theaging,andtheimperfect,solongasit'sthequalityweallhate

你太潦庵啦，不适合~

留不住啊~

mostinourselves.

6、Whichofthefollowingisthebestdescriptionoftheauthor'semotionsafterwatching

SexandtheCity2?

A、Envyandlonging.

B、Remorseandguilt.

C^Jealousyandhatred.

D、Displeasureandanger.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。眼据题干关键词定位至第一段。文章指出“当在电影院看完

《欲望都市2》后，我们会产生制定一部法律来反对以貌取人的文化习俗的想法，

因为在以貌取人的文化中，40岁的女演员如果想拿和40岁的男演员一样的酬劳，

唯一的方法就是把自己装扮成40岁男演员十几岁的女儿。”很显然，作者对于影片

中女演员必须打扮得年轻漂亮而感到不满，并且达到了认为应该立法禁止以貌取人

的程度。因此D项正确。

7、Theword"That"inPara.2refersto.

A^alawagainstdiscriminationbasedonappearance

B、thesituationinAmericawhenappearancediscriminationisillegal

C、discriminationbasedongenderorraceiseliminated

D、alawagainstcompanies,firingemployeesbasedonappearance

标准答案：B」

知识点解析：细节题。第二段中第二句和第三句指出“在她引起争论的新书《美丽

偏见》中，罗德描绘了一个不再允许相貌歧视的美国将是什么样子。这就意味着

Hooters公司不能因为服务员超重就开除他们……”，第三句中的“这”显然承接的是

上句的后半部分。“一个不再允许相貌歧视的美国”与B项“视相貌歧视为非法行为

之后美国的情形”是同义表述，故答案为B项。

8、Whichofthefbllowir.gsisNOTincludedinProf.Rhode'sarguments?

A、Thereshouldbealawagainstdiscrimination.

B、IfappearancediscriminationisillegalinAmerica,nocompanycanfiretheir

employeesbecauseoftheirlooks.

C、NotonlyAmericanmenlikeprettywomen,Americanwomenthemselvesalsoattach

greatvaluetobeauty.

D、Appearancebiasisasharmfulandcommonasracialandreligiousdiscrimination.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。本题考查的是文章中某一具体人物的观点，通过人名“罗德

教授”定位到文章第二段及第三段。C项的内容出现在文中第五段首句，但并没有

线索表明是罗德教授的观点，所以应该选C项。

9、Itisveryhardtoestablishalawagainstappearancediscriminationbecause.

A^Americanpeopleregardbeautyasaveryvaluableanddesirablequality

B、cocktailwaitresseswanttobecompetitive

C、Americanwomenlikeparticipatinginbeautypageants

D^suchalawwillharmtheAmericaneconomy

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干内容可以定位到原文第五段第一句"Andthe

problemwithmakingappearancediscriminationillegalisthatAmericansjustreally,

reallylikehotgirls."（而无法将相貌歧视视为不合法的主要问题在于美国人确实很

喜欢辣妹。）再结合下文直至文章结尾对相貌歧视深层原因的分析，可以得出正确

答案是A项。

10NWhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

A、BothAmericanmenandwomen,needtobegood-lookingfortheircareers*sake.

B、It'shelpfultochangethebeautybiasbyusingordinal-lookingmiddle-aged

actresses.

C、Americanpeopleneedtochangetheirattitudestowardtheappearanceofthemselves

tochangethebeautybias.

D、Peoplewillbeagainstalawstoppingappearancediscriminationforhatingfal

people.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。从文章最后一段的最后一句话可知，相貌歧视问题的根源在

于：超重、年老和不完美依然是我们自己最痛恨的缺陷，法律就无法阻止我们对这

些缺陷的歧视。也就是说，只有我们自己先改变对超重、年老和不完美的看法，才

有可能阻止这样的歧视。与这一表述对应的是C项。

Bilingualeducationinschoolshaslongbeenapoliticalhotpotato——itwasbannedin

Californiabya1998ballotmeasure,whichthestateSenateisnowaskingvotersto

repeal.Butpoliticsaside,there'sanincreasingamountofscientificsupportforthe

benefitsofknowingatleasttwolanguages.Now,anev/studypublishedbytheAnnalsof

Neurologyfindsthatyoudon'tevenneedtolearnthatsecond(orthird,orfourth)tongue

ataveryyoungage:Pickingupanewlanguageevenalittlelaterinlifecanhaveserious

cognitivebenefitsfortheagingbrain.Manyrecentstudieshavepointedoutthat

bilingualismseemstobegoodexerciseforthebrainandlaterinlifemightevenhelp

delaytheonsetofdementia.Butwhatifit'saself-selectingcrowd?Whatifthepeople

wholearnedtwolanguagesarejustsmartertobeginwith?Tohelprulethatfactorout,

researchersattheUniversityofEdinburghinScotlandstudied853peoplewhofirsttook

anintelligencetestin1947whentheywereabout11yearsoldaspartofagroupcalled

theLothianBirthCohort1936,andretestedthemagainaround2008to2010,whenthey

wereintheirearly70s.Atotalof262oftheseventy-year-oldreportedhavinglearnedat

leastonelanguageotherthanEnglishenoughtocommunicateinit.Ofthose,195said

theylearneditbeforeage18;65saidtheylearneditthereafter.Theresearchersgavethe

participantsabatteryofcognitivetests,includingtestsoftheirverbalreasoning,their

vocabularyandreadingabilities,theirverbalfluencyandtheirabilitytoprocess

informationquickly.Theyfoundthatbilingualspeakersperformedmuchbetterthan

expectedfromtheirbaselinecognitiveability,particularlyinreadingandingeneral

intelligence.Andthosewhoknewthreeormorelanguagesperformedevenbetter.

Learningalanguageseemedtomakeasmuchdifferenceinpeople'slatcr-in-lifccognitive

declineasagenethat'sbeentiedtoriskofAlzheimer'sdiseaseandsmokinghabits.These

participantsmostlylearnedtheirsecondlanguagesafterage11.Theresultsactuallymake

averycompellingpoint-youdon'thavetobeafluentspeakerofalanguagetogetthe

benefits,andyoucanstartlaterinlife,too.

11、Thephrase"hotpotato"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.

A、apopulartopic

adifficultsituation

C、aheateddiscussion

D、adeliciousdish

标准答案：B

知识点解析：含义题。限据题干关键词定位到第一段。根据hotpotato破折号后面

的信息：”它在1998年加州的投票表决中被废除，而现在参议院又在要求选民撤

销这项决议''可推断，双语教学在政治上是个棘手的问题。因此B项为正确答案。

12、AccordingtoParagraph2,anewstudyfindsthat.

A、learninganewlanguagecanbenefitalotevenifyoulearnitwhenyougrowold

B、youhavetolearnanewlanguageataveryyoungage

C>pickingupanewlanguagehavefewbenefitslaterinlife

D、pickingupanewlanguagecancauseserioushealthproblems

标准答案:A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到第二段。文章第二段说道“《神经病

学年报》公布的一项新的研究发现，你甚至不需要在你很小的时候就学习第二（或

第三、第四）外语：即使后来才开始学习一种新的语言也对老化的大脑的认知能力

有很大的好处。“根据句义，可知A项为正确选项。

13、ResearchersattheUniversityofEdinburghtested.

A、aself-selectingcrowd

B、thesmartercrowd

C、agroupofpeopletwice

D^peoplewhooncelearnedtwolanguages

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到第三段。根据第三段最后一句可知，

实验人员先是在1947年对853人进行了智力测试，那时实验对象只有11岁，之后

在2008年到2010年左右，当这些人到了70岁左右的时候，又进行了一次测试。

由此可知，C项”对一组人员进行了两次测试”为正确答案。

14>Itcanbeconcludedfromthestudythat.

A、thebilingualspeakersperformworsethanthosewhoonlyknowonelanguage

B、learningalanguagemayhavetheriskofAlzheimer'sdiseaseorsmokinghabits

C、peoplehavetospeakanewlanguagefluentlyinordertogainsomebenefits

D、themorelanguagespeoplelearn,thestrongertheircognitiveabilitiesare

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。艰据最后一段的最后-一句话可知，懂二种及二种以上语言的

人，在测试中表现得更好，故D项为正确答案。

15、Thetextmainlydiscusses.

A、bilingualeducationinschools

B、howtolearnanewlanguage

C>thebesttimetolearnanewlanguage

D、advantagesoflearninganewlanguage

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题”答对此题需要考生对全文有一个清晰的认识和理解。文章首

段指出，双语教学在政治上一直以来就是个棘手问题，但是抛开政治，近年来越来

越多的科学研究证明学习多种语言是有好处的。第二段开始提到一项新的研究表明

即使后来才开始学习一门新的语言，也会对衰老的大脑有益。接下来两段具体讲了

实验的研究方法和研究结果。最后两段进一步指出研究表明，学习一门新的语言对

大脑有益。可见文章主要讲学习一门新语言的好处。因此D项为正确选项。

Clearly,aperson'sdecisionsaredeterminedbycircumstances.Experimentsconducted

overthepastfewyearshaverevealedthatgivingsomeoneanicydrinkatapartyleads

himtobelieveheisgettingthecoldshoulderfromfellowguests,thathandingovera

warmdrinkgivespeopleasenseofwarmthfromochers.Thelatestofthesestudiesalso

looksattheeffectoffurniture.Itsuggeststhatsomethingastrivialasthestabilityof

chairsandtableshasaneffectonperceptionsanddesires.Theresearchersaskedhalfof

theirvolunteerstositinaslightlywobblychairnexttoaslightlywobblytablewhile

engagedinthetaskassigned.Theotherswereaskedtositinchairsnexttotablesthat

lookedphysicallyidentical,butwerenotwobbly.Onceintheirchairs,participantswere

askedtojudgethestabilityoftherelationshipsoffourcelebritycouples.Theydidthisby

ratingonascaleofonetoseven,thatacouplewouldbreakupinthenextfiveyears.A

scoreofonemeant"extremelyunlikelytodissolve".Ascoreofsevenmeant"extremely

likelytodissolve".Aftertheyhaddonethis,theywereaskedtoratetheirpreferencesfor

varioustraitsinapotentialromanticpartner.Traitsonofferincludedsomewhich

associatewithasenseofpsychologicalstability,some(hatareassociatedwith

psychologicalinstabilityandsomewithnorealrelevancetoinstabilityorstability.

Participantsratedthevarioustraitsonanotherone-to-sevenscale,withoneindicating

"notatalldesirable"andsevenmeaning"extremelydesirable".Theresultsrevealthat

justascolddrinksleadtoperceptionsofsocialconditionsbeingcold,feelingsofphysical

instabilityleadstoperceptionsofsocialinstability.Participantswhosatinwobblychairs

atwobblytablesgavethecelebritycouplesanaveragestabilityscoreof3.2whilethose

whosefurnituredidnotwobblegavethem2.5.Whatwasparticularlyintriguing,though,

wasthatthosesittingalwonkyfurniturenotonlysawinstabilityintherelationshipsof

othersbutalsosaidthattheyvaluedstabilityintheirownrelationshipsmorehighly.They

gavestability-promotingtraitsinpotentialromanticpartnersanaveragedesirabilityscore

of5.0,whereasthosewhosetablesandchairswerestablegavethesesametraitsascore

of4.5.Thedifferenceisnothuge,butitisstatisticallysignificant.Evenasmallamount

ofenvironmentalwobblinessseemstopromoteadesireforanemotionalrocktoclingto.

16、Theexperimentinthefirstparagraphshowsthat.

A、anicydrinkmakespeoplegetthecoldshoulders

B、awarmdrinkmakespeoplefeelothers'warmth

C、peop