Unit 4 词汇备课2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

人教版九上unit4词汇备课1.position·词性&词义：n.位置；地方；v.安置；使处于·近义词：n.location,place;v.place,put·词性转换：positioned(adj.被安置的)·常见搭配：inposition(就位),takeaposition(就职/持有立场)·例句：Themanagerpositionedthechairsinacircle.(经理把椅子摆成一圈。)·练习题：1.Please_______thecameracarefullyonthetripod.(position)2.The_______ofthelibraryismarkedonthemap.(position)·答案：1.position2.position·解析：第1句需要动词原形构成祈使句；第2句需要名词作主语。2.sadness·词性&词义：n.悲伤·近义词：grief,sorrow·反义词：happiness,joy·词性转换：sad(adj.)→sadly(adv.)→sadness(n.)·常见搭配：withsadness(悲伤地),deepsadness(深切的悲伤)·例句：Shecouldn'thidehersadnessaftertheloss.(失去后她无法掩饰悲伤。)·练习题：1.Helookedatme_______.(sad)2.Themovie'sendingbroughttearsof_______.(sad)·答案：1.sadly2.sadness·解析：第1句修饰动词looked需用副词；第2句of后需用名词作宾语。3.runout(ofsth)·词性&词义：动词短语用完；耗尽·近义词：useup,exhaust·反义词：plentyof,haveenough·常见搭配：runoutoftime/money/patience·例句：Weranoutofmilk,soIwenttobuysome.(牛奶喝完了，我去买了些。)·练习题：1.Ourcar_______gasonthehighway.(runoutof)2.Ifwekeepwastingwater,itwill_______soon.(runout)·答案：1.ranoutof2.runout·解析：第1句有宾语“gas”需用及物的runoutof；第2句无宾语用不及物的runout，主语为物。4.react·词性&词义：v.作出反应；回应·近义词：respond,reply·反义词：ignore,neglect·词性转换：reaction(n.)→reactive(adj.)·常见搭配：reactto(对……作出反应)·例句：Howdidhereacttothenews?(他对这个消息反应如何？)·练习题：1.Hisimmediate_______wasanger.(react)2.Childrenoften_______stronglytoloudnoises.(react)·答案：1.reaction2.react·解析：第1句作主语需名词；第2句谓语动词用原形。5.mixup·词性&词义：动词短语混淆；弄乱·近义词：confuse,muddle·反义词：distinguish,separate·词性转换：mixed-up(adj.混乱的，迷惑的)·常见搭配：getmixedup(搞混)·例句：Ialwaysmixupthetwins'names.(我总是分不清双胞胎的名字。)·练习题：1.Sorry,I_______yourumbrellawithmine.(mixup)2.Theinstructionswereso_______thatnooneunderstood.(mixup)·答案：1.mixedup2.mixed-up·解析：第1句动词过去式；第2句形容词作表语。6.putsthtogooduse·词性&词义：短语有效使用（或利用）某物·近义词：makegooduseof,utilize·反义词：waste,squander·常见搭配：puttime/money/talenttogooduse·例句：Youshouldputyourfreetimetogoodusebyreading.(你应该把空闲时间好好利用起来读书。)·练习题：1.He_______hissavings_______bystartingasmallbusiness.(puttogooduse)2.Theoldbuildingwasfinally_______.(puttogooduse)·答案：1.put,togooduse2.puttogooduse·解析：第1句动词过去式+短语；第2句被动语态。7.chain·词性&词义：n.链条·近义词：link,series·词性转换：unchained(adj.无链的)·常见搭配：achainof(一连串),bicyclechain·例句：Thedogisattachedtoalongchain.(狗拴在长链子上。)·练习题：1.A_______ofeventsledtotheaccident.(chain)2.She_______thebicycletothepole.(chain)·答案：1.chain2.chained·解析：第1句名词“一连串”；第2句动词化“用链条锁住”。8.stable·词性&词义：adj.稳定的；稳固的·近义词：steady,firm·反义词：unstable,shaky·词性转换：stability(n.)→stabilize(v.)·常见搭配：stablecondition(稳定状态)·例句：Theladderdoesn'tfeelstable.(梯子感觉不稳。)·练习题：1.Thegovernmentistryingtomaintaineconomic_______.(stable)2.Aftertreatment,hishealthbecamemore_______.(stable)·答案：1.stability2.stable·解析：第1句名词作宾语；第2句形容词作表语。9.lecture·词性&词义：n.讲座；讲课·近义词：speech,talk·词性转换：lecturer(n.讲师)·常见搭配：attendalecture(听讲座),givealecture(做讲座)·例句：ProfessorLigavealectureonancienthistory.(李教授做了一场古代史讲座。)·练习题：1.The_______spokefortwohourswithoutabreak.(lecture)2.She_______herstudentsaboutbeinglateagain.(lecture)·答案：1.lecturer2.lectured·解析：第1句需要人“讲师”；第2句动词化“训斥/讲课”。10.retell·词性&词义：v.复述·近义词：recount,repeat·词性转换：retelling(n.复述)·常见搭配：retellastory(复述故事)·例句：Pleaseretellthemainpointsinyourownwords.(请用自己的话复述要点。)·练习题：1.Her_______ofthefairytalewascreative.(retell)2.Canyou_______whathappenedyesterday?(retell)·答案：1.retelling2.retell·解析：第1句名词化“复述版本”；第2句情态动词后接动词原形。11.memorize·词性&词义：v.记住；记忆·近义词：remember,learnbyheart·反义词：forget·词性转换：memory(n.)→memorization(n.)·常见搭配：memorizevocabulary(背单词)·例句：It'shardtomemorizesomanydates.(记住这么多日期很难。)·练习题：1.Hehasagood_______,sohecanmemorizepoemsquickly.(memorize)2.Regular_______ofwordshelpsimproveEnglish.(memorize)·答案：1.memory2.memorization·解析：第1句名词“记忆力”；第2句名词“记忆行为”。12.stick·词性&词义：v.给……打钩；n.对号；钩号·近义词：v.tick;n.checkmark·反义词：v.crossout·词性转换：sticky(adj.粘的，不同义)·常见搭配：putastick(打钩)·例句：Putasticknexttothecorrectanswer.(在正确答案旁打钩。)·练习题：1.Please_______theitemsyouagreewith.(stick)2.Thereisared_______onmypaper.(stick)·答案：1.stick2.stick·解析：第1句动词原形；第2句名词作主语。13.grandson·词性&词义：n.孙子；外孙·反义词：granddaughter·词性转换：grandson(无派生，可拆解grand+son)·常见搭配：mygrandson(我的孙子)·例句：Hisgrandsonoftenvisitshimonweekends.(他的孙子周末常来看他。)·练习题：1.My_______juststartedelementaryschool.(grandson)2.Shehastwo_______andonegranddaughter.(grandson)·答案：1.grandson2.grandsons·解析：第1句单数主语；第2句复数形式直接加s。14.gothrough·词性&词义：短语经历；仔细察看·近义词：experience,examine·反义词：avoid,skip·常见搭配：gothroughadifficulttime·例句：Shewentthroughhernotesbeforetheexam.(考试前她浏览了笔记。)·练习题：1.Hehas_______manyhardshipssincechildhood.(gothrough)2.Let's_______thereporttogethertofinderrors.(gothrough)·答案：1.gonethrough2.gothrough·解析：第1句现在完成时用过去分词；第2句let’s后接动词原形。15.happento·词性&词义：短语发生；遭遇·近义词：occurto,befall·常见搭配：Whathappenedtoyou?(你怎么了？)·例句：Anaccidenthappenedtohimontheway.(他在路上出事了。)·练习题：1.Doyouknowwhat_______Maryyesterday?(happento)2.Somethingstrange_______melastnight.(happento)·答案：1.happenedto2.happenedto·解析：两句都用一般过去时，happento后接人。16.keep(...)inmind·词性&词义：短语记在心中；记住·近义词：remember,bearinmind·反义词：forget,ignore·常见搭配：keepitinmindthat...·例句：Pleasekeeptherulesinmind.(请牢记规则。)·练习题：1.Youshould_______safety_______whendriving.(keepinmind)2.I'll_______youradvice_______.(keepinmind)·答案：1.keep,inmind2.keep,inmind·解析：均为动词+宾语+inmind结构，注意代词位置。17.case·词性&词义：n.情况；事实·近义词：situation,instance·常见搭配：incase(万一),inthatcase(既然那样)·例句：Inhiscase,honestyisthebestpolicy.(就他而言，诚实为上策。)·练习题：1.Takeanumbrella_______itrains.(case)2._______Iforgottotellyou,themeetingiscanceled.(case)·答案：1.incase2.Incase·解析：第1句“以防”；第2句“假使”（注意大写）。18.insb’scase·词性&词义：短语就某人的情况而言·近义词：asforsb.·例句：Inyourcase,wecanmakeanexception.(就你的情况而言，我们可以破例。)·练习题：1._______,startingearlyisthebestchoice.(inmycase)2.Heisverystrict,but_______wewereallowedtoleave.(inourcase)·答案：1.Inmycase2.inourcase·解析：介词短语作状语，主格代词所有格。19.opera·词性&词义：n.歌剧；歌剧团·词性转换：operatic(adj.歌剧的)·常见搭配：Beijingopera(京剧),operahouse(歌剧院)·例句：Sheenjoyslisteningtoopera.(她喜欢听歌剧。)·练习题：1.The_______singerhasapowerfulvoice.(opera)2.Wewenttothe_______lastnight.(opera)·答案：1.operatic2.opera·解析：第1句形容词“歌剧的”；第2句名词“歌剧院/歌剧演出”。20.ticket·词性&词义：n.入场券；票·近义词：pass,coupon·常见搭配：aticketto/for(……的票)·例句：Ihavetwoticketstotheconcert.(我有两张音乐会票。)·练习题：1.Howmuchisa_______tothemuseum?(ticket)2.Hegotaspeeding_______yesterday.(ticket)·答案：1.ticket2.ticket·解析：第1句“门票”；第2句“罚单”一词多义。21.wallet·词性&词义：n.钱包·近义词：purse(女用钱包)·常见搭配：aleatherwallet·例句：Ileftmywalletonthebus.(我把钱包落在公交车上了。)·练习题：1.Hetookouthis_______topaythebill.(wallet)2.Her_______wasstoleninthecrowd.(wallet)·答案：1.wallet2.wallet·解析：两句均为名词作宾语/主语，词形不变。22.picnic·词性&词义：n.野餐·近义词：outing·常见搭配：haveapicnic(野餐),goonapicnic(去野餐)·例句：Wehadapicnicbythelake.(我们在湖边野餐。)·练习题：1.It'sanicedayfora_______.(picnic)2.Theyare_______inthepark.(picnic)·答案：1.picnic2.picnicking·解析：第1句名词；第2句动词现在分词（需双写c+ing）。23.airport·词性&词义：n.机场·近义词：airfield(较少用)·常见搭配：attheairport,airportterminal·例句：Wearrivedattheairporttwohoursearly.(我们提前两小时到达机场。)·练习题：1.The_______isbusyduringholidays.(airport)2.Pleasepickmeupatthe_______.(airport)·答案：1.airport2.airport·解析：两句均为名词，拼写无变化。24.gunshot·词性&词义：n.枪声；（射击的）炮弹·近义词：gunfire·常见搭配：gunshotwound(枪伤),hearagunshot·例句：Theyheardagunshotinthedistance.(他们听到远处一声枪响。)·练习题：1.The_______wassoloudthateveryonefroze.(gunshot)2.Hediedfroma_______tothechest.(gunshot)·答案：1.gunshot2.gunshot·解析：均为名词，第2句中gunshot作定语。25.grown-up·词性&词义：adj.成年的·近义词：adult,mature·反义词：childish,young·词性转换：grown-up(也可作n.成年人)·常见搭配：grown-upbehavior(成熟的行为)·例句：Shehastwogrown-upchildren.(她有两个成年的孩子。)·练习题：1.Actinglikea_______meanstakingresponsibility.(grown-up)2.Thismovieistooscaryforkids;it'smorefor_______audiences.(grown-up)·答案：1.grown-up2.grown-up·解析：第1句名词“成年人”；第2句形容词“成年的”。26.recall·词性&词义：v.回忆起；回想起·近义词：remember,recollect·反义词：forget·词性转换：recall(n.回忆，召回)·常见搭配：recalldoingsth(记得做过某事)·例句：Ican'trecallwhereIputmykeys.(我想不起把钥匙放哪了。)·练习题：1.His_______oftheeventwasclear.(recall)2.Shetriedto_______thehappytimesinherchildhood.(recall)·答案：1.recall2.recall·解析：第1句名词“回忆”；第2句动词原形。27.grapevine·词性&词义：n.葡萄藤；葡萄树·近义词：vine·常见搭配：hearthroughthegrapevine(小道消息听说)·例句：Iheardthroughthegrapevinethatshegotpromoted.(我听小道消息说她升职了。)·练习题：1.The_______isfullofripegrapes.(grapevine)2.I_______thatJennyismovingtoLondon.(grapevine)·答案：1.grapevine2.heardthroughthegrapevine·解析：第1句字面义；第2句习语用法。28.boost·词性&词义：v.促进；使增长n.帮助；增长·近义词：increase,raise,improve·反义词：decrease,reduce·词性转换：booster(n.助推器)·常见搭配：boostconfidence(增强信心)·例句：Thisnewpolicywillboosttheeconomy.(这项新政策将促进经济增长。)·练习题：1.Regularexercisegivesagreat_______toyourhealth.(boost)2.Weneedto_______salesbeforetheholiday.(boost)·答案：1.boost2.boost·解析：第1句名词作宾语；第2句动词原形。29.tostartwith·词性&词义：短语首先·近义词：firstofall,initially·反义词：finally,eventually·例句：Tostartwith,letmeintroducemyself.(首先，做个自我介绍。)·练习题：1._______,wedon'thaveenoughmoney.(tostartwith)2.Theplanwasdifficult_______butgoteasier.(tostartwith)·答案：1.Tostartwith2.tostartwith·解析：第1句句首表顺序；第2句句尾表起初。30.short-term·词性&词义：adj.短期的·近义词：temporary·反义词：long-term·常见搭配：short-termmemory(短期记忆),short-termplan·例句：Thisisonlyashort-termsolution.(这只是个短期解决方案。)·练习题：1.Weneeda_______fixbeforethepermanentrepair.(short-term)2._______planningisimportantfordailytasks.(short-term)·答案：1.short-term2.Short-term·解析：均为形容词作定语，第2句句首大写。31.long-term·词性&词义：adj.长期的·近义词：enduring,permanent·反义词：short-term·常见搭配：long-termgoals,long-termrelationship·例句：Exercisinghaslong-termbenefits.(锻炼有长期好处。)·练习题：1.Weshouldfocuson_______development.(long-term)2._______memorystoresinformationforyears.(long-term)·答案：1.long-term2.Long-term·解析：同short-term用法。32.technique·词性&词义：n.技巧·近义词：skill,method·词性转换：technical(adj.),technician(n.)·常见搭配：learningtechniques(学习技巧)·例句：Thispaintingtechniqueishardtomaster.(这种绘画技巧难以掌握。)·练习题：1.Hehasaunique_______forsolvingproblems.(technique)2._______supportisavailableifyoucallthisnumber.(technique)·答案：1.technique2.Technical·解析：第1句名词；第2句形容词“技术的”。33.passage·词性&词义：n.段落；走廊·近义词：paragraph,hallway·常见搭配：apassagefromabook,anarrowpassage·例句：Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.(读段落并回答问题。)·练习题：1.The_______wassodarkthatIcouldn'tsee.(passage)2.This_______describeshisearlylife.(passage)·答案：1.passage2.passage·解析：第1句“走廊”；第2句“段落”。34.likely·词性&词义：adj.可能的·近义词：probable,possible·反义词：unlikely,improbable·常见搭配：belikelytodosth(很可能做某事)·例句：Itislikelytoraintomorrow.(明天很可能下雨。)·练习题：1.Sheis_______towinthecompetition.(likely)2.The_______outcomeisthathewillrefuse.(likely)·答案：1.likely2.likely·解析：第1句adj+todo；第2句adj作定语。35.wearout·词性&词义：短语使疲乏；磨损·近义词：exhaust,tireout;deteriorate·反义词：refresh,repair·常见搭配：wearoutshoes,wearsbout·例句：Playingalldayworethechildrenout.(玩了一整天让孩子们筋疲力尽。)·练习题：1.Theseshoesare_______afteryearsofuse.(wearout)2.Thelonghike_______thewholeteam_______.(wearout)·答案：1.wornout2.wore,out·解析：第1句被动/形容词化；第2句一般过去时及物短语。36.discuss·词性&词义：v.讨论；谈论；商量·近义词：talkabout,debate·反义词：ignore·词性转换：discussion(n.)·常见搭配：discusssthwithsb·例句：Weneedtodiscusstheplan.(我们需要讨论这个计划。)·练习题：1.Afteralong_______,theyreachedanagreement.(discuss)2.Let's_______theproblemsopenly.(discuss)·答案：1.discussion2.discuss·解析：第1句名词；第2句let’s后动词原形。37.image·词性&词义：n.图像；形象·近义词：picture,figure,appearance·词性转换：imagine(v.),imagination(n.)·常见搭配：publicimage(公众形象)·例句：Theimageonthescreenwasblurry.(屏幕上的图像很模糊。)·练习题：1.He_______himselfasahero.(image)2.Thecompanytriestoprojectapositive_______.(image)·答案：1.imagines2.image·解析：第1句需动词imagine的第三人称单数；第2句名词。38.graph·词性&词义：n.图；图表·近义词：chart,diagram·常见搭配：drawagraph,bargraph·例句：Thegraphshowspopulationgrowth.(这张图显示了人口增长。)·练习题：1.Please_______thedataonthepaper.(graph)2.The_______wentupwardinthelastquarter.(graph)·答案：1.graph2.graph·解析：第1句动词化“绘制图表”；第2句名词。39.view·词性&词义：v.看；观看n.观点；视野·近义词：v.see,watch;n.opinion,sight·反义词：v.ignore;n.blindness·词性转换：viewer(n.观看者),preview(n./v.预览)·常见搭配：inviewof(鉴于),pointofview(观点)·例句：Inmyview,weshouldwait.(在我看来，我们应该等等。)·练习题：1.Thehousehasabeautiful_______oftheocean.(view)2.Thousandsofpeople_______theconcertonline.(view)·答案：1.view2.viewed·解析：第1句名词“景色”；第2句动词过去式“观看”。40.effective·词性&词义：adj.有效的·近义词：efficient,successful·反义词：ineffective,useless·词性转换：effect(n.)→effect