山东省菏泽市鄄城县某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省菏泽市鄄城县某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AParksareanessentialpartofmanycitiesandtownsaroundtheworld.Theyofferapeacefulescapefromthehustleandbustleofeverydaylife,aplacetoenjoynature,andanopportunitytoengageinphysicalactivity.Herearefourfamousparksfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.CentralPark-NewYorkCity,USACentralParkisanurbanparklocatedintheheartofNewYorkCity.Itcovers843acresandfeaturesseverallakes,gardens,andrecreationalfacilities.Visitorscantakeawalkthroughthepark’smanypathsorparticipateinsportsactivitiessuchastennisandbaseball.HydePark–London,UKHydeParkisoneofthelargestparksinLondonandcovers350acres.Itoffersasereneretreatfromthecity’sbusystreets,withmanytrees,gardens,andfountainstoexplore.Visitorscanalsoenjoyboatingonthepark’sSerpentinelake,cycling,orevenhorsebackriding.Theparkisalsohometoseveralfamouslandmarks.TokyoPark-Tokyo,JapanTokyoParkisabeautifulurbanparkintheheartofTokyoandcoversover130acres.Itoffersatranquil(宁静的)environmentforvisitorstorelaxandenjoynature,withseveralponds,gardens,andwalkingtrails.Theparkisalsohometoseveralfamousmuseumsandartgalleries.KrugerNationalPark–SouthAfricaKrugerNationalParkisoneofAfrica’slargestgamereserves.Itishometomanydifferentspeciesofanimals,includingelephants,lions,andrhinoceroses.Visitorscantakeguidedtourstoseetheanimalsintheirnaturalhabitats.1.WhatdoCentralParkinNewYorkandTokyoParkhaveincommon?A.Theyhaveallkindsofsportsequipment. B.TheyareurbanparksintheheartofCity.C.Theyhavefamousmuseumsandartgalleries. D.Theyarehomestoseveralfamouslandmarks.2.WhatcanpeopledoinHydePark?A.Rideahorse. B.Playtennisandbaseball.C.Appreciatesomeartworks. D.Visitthenaturalhabitatsofanimals.3.Inwhichparkpeoplecanseemanydifferentspeciesofwildanimals?A.CentralPark. B.HydePark. C.TokyoPark.D.KrugerNationalPark.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个世界各地的著名公园的情况以及每个公园的特点。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“CentralParkisanurbanparklocatedintheheartofNewYorkCity.(中央公园是一个位于纽约市中心的城市公园)”以及倒数第二段“TokyoParkisabeautifulurbanparkintheheartofTokyoandcoversover130acres.(东京公园是东京市中心一个美丽的城市公园，占地130多英亩)”可知，纽约的中央公园和东京公园的共同之处是都是市中心的城市公园。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Visitorscanalsoenjoyboatingonthepark’sSerpentinelake,cycling,orevenhorsebackriding.(游客还可以在公园的蛇形湖上划船，骑自行车，甚至骑马)”可知，人们可以在海德公园骑马。故选A。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“KrugerNationalParkisoneofAfrica’slargestgamereserves.Itishometomanydifferentspeciesofanimals,includingelephants,lions,andrhinoceroses.(克鲁格国家公园是非洲最大的野生动物保护区之一。它是许多不同种类动物的家园，包括大象、狮子和犀牛)”可知，在克鲁格国家公园人们可以看到许多不同种类的野生动物。故选D。BOnJuly17,1888,MiriamElizabethBenjaminbecamethesecondAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveapatentfromtheU.S.governmentforherinventionofaGongandSignalChair.Atthetimeofherapplication,BenjaminwaslivinginWashington,D.C.,workingasaneducatorinthecity’spublicschools.Oneofonlyafewblackwomentoreceiveapatentbefore1900,BenjaminalsostudiedmedicineandlawatHowardUniversity.Benjaminaimedtotransformseveralindustrieswithherinnovation,includinghotels,theaters,healthcare,andgovernment.Thekeyfeatureofthechairwasanotificationsystem,whichallowedtheseatedpersontopressabuttonandissueanalarmtotheattendantwhenassistancewasneeded.Pressthebutton,thegongorbellwouldsound,andtheredsignalorflagonthechairwouldalsoappear.Benjamin’sinventionreceivedattentioninthepressandwasfeaturedinnewspapersacrossthecountry.ShepersuadedtheU.S.governmenttohaveitusedasameanstosignalpagesintheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives,forexample,andthefinalsysteminstalledwassimilartoherproposal.ThemethodusedtosignalflightattendantsonairplanescanalsodatebacktoBenjamin’sinsight.Benjamin’scareerasaninventordidnotendin1888.In1917,shepatentedasystemtodeliverdrugsinthesole(鞋底)ofashoe.By1920,BenjaminhadreturnedtoBostontolivewithherbrother,Edgar,asuccessfullawyer,andhermother.Sheremainedthereuntilherdeathin1947.Benjaminnevermarriednorhadanychildren.Benjaminalsohadsuccessasacomposer.Musichistoriansbelieveshecomposedatleasttwoimportantmarches.TheU.S.MarineBandunderJohnPhilipSousaperformedonepiece,“TheBostonEliteTwoStep,”intheearly1890s.Anothercomposition,“TheAmericanBugleCall,”gainedevenmoreattentionasthecampaignsongforthe1904PresidentialCampaignofTheodoreRoosevelt.4.WhatdoweknowaboutBenjamin?A.Sheinventedabeneficialalarm-soundingchair.B.Sheusedtohatetobeateacherinpublicschools.C.ShewasthefirstblackwomantoreceiveapatentintheU.S.D.ShedreamedofhavingfurthereducationatHowardUniversity.5.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Benjamin’swhole-lifeambitions.B.ThefunctionofBenjamin’sinvention.C.Benjamin’sgreatinterestinherinnovation.D.ThereasonforinventingtheGongandSignalChair.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBenjamin?A.Reliableanddevoted.B.Creativeandhumorous,C.Persuasiveandproductive.D.Knowledgeableandgenerous,7.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Toshowrespectforblackpeople. B.ToexplainBenjamin’slonelylife.C.Tointroducesomenewinventions. D.Torememberawomaninventor.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国女性发明家米里亚姆·伊丽莎白·本杰明的生平及发明创造。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“OnJuly17,1888,MiriamElizabethBenjaminbecamethesecondAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveapatentfromtheU.S.governmentforherinventionofaGongandSignalChair.”（1888年7月17日，米里亚姆·伊丽莎白·本杰明成为第二位获得美国政府专利的非裔美国妇女，因为她发明了鸣锣信号椅。）及第二段后两句“Thekeyfeatureofthechairwasanotificationsystem,whichallowedtheseatedpersontopressabuttonandissueanalarmtotheattendantwhenassistancewasneeded.Pressthebutton,thegongorbellwouldsound,andtheredsignalorflagonthechairwouldalsoappear.”（这把椅子的主要特点是一个通知系统，当需要帮助时，坐着的人可以按下一个按钮，向服务员发出警报。按下按钮，锣或钟就会响，椅子上的红色信号或旗帜也会出现。）可知，她发明的椅子具有声音警报装置，可以帮助有需要的人。故选A项。【5题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段后两句“Thekeyfeatureofthechairwasanotificationsystem,whichallowedtheseatedpersontopressabuttonandissueanalarmtotheattendantwhenassistancewasneeded.Pressthebutton,thegongorbellwouldsound,andtheredsignalorflagonthechairwouldalsoappear.”（这把椅子的主要特点是一个通知系统，当需要帮助时，坐着的人可以按下一个按钮，向服务员发出警报。按下按钮，锣或钟就会响，椅子上的红色信号或旗帜也会出现。）可知，本段主要介绍了该椅子的功能。故选B项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“ShepersuadedtheU.S.governmenttohaveitusedasameanstosignalpagesintheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives,forexample,andthefinalsysteminstalledwassimilartoherproposal.”（例如，她说服美国政府将其用作向美国众议院发送信号的手段，最终安装的系统与她的建议相似。）及第四段前两句“Benjamin’scareerasaninventordidnotendin1888.In1917,shepatentedasystemtodeliverdrugsinthesoleofashoe.”（本杰明的发明家生涯并没有在1888年结束。1917年，她申请了一项在鞋底给药系统的专利。）及第五段前两句“Benjaminalsohadsuccessasacomposer.Musichistoriansbelieveshecomposedatleasttwoimportantmarches.”（本杰明作为一名作曲家也很成功。音乐史学家认为她至少创作了两首重要的进行曲。）可知，她非常具有说服力，而且有多项发明和创作，是一位多产的发明家。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“OnJuly17,1888,MiriamElizabethBenjaminbecamethesecondAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveapatentfromtheU.S.governmentforherinventionofaGongandSignalChair.”（1888年7月17日，米里亚姆·伊丽莎白·本杰明成为第二位获得美国政府专利的非裔美国妇女，因为她发明了鸣锣信号椅。）并结合下文对她的生平及发明创造的具体介绍推知，本文的主要目的是为了纪念这位女性发明家。故选D项。CBodylanguageisapowerfulmeansofcommunicationusedbybothhumansandanimals.Throughgestures,facialexpressions,andpostures,individualsexpressemotions,intentions,andestablishsocialconnections.Thisnonverbalformofcommunicationplaysacrucialroleinpromotingunderstandingandestablishingstrongrelationships.Inthehumanworld,bodylanguageisanessentialpartofdailyinteractions.Asmilecaninstantlyconveyhappinessandfriendliness,whileafurrowedbrowmaysignifyworryorconfusion.Evenslightchangesinposturecancommunicateconfidenceordepression.Bypayingattentiontothesenonverbalsignals,individualscanbetterunderstandtheunderlyingemotionsandthoughtsofothers,thusstrengtheningtheirabilitytounderstandandconnectwitheachother.Interestingly,animalsalsorelyheavilyonbodylanguagetocommunicatewithintheirownspeciesandevenacrossdifferentspecies.Forinstance,awaggingtailinadogusuallymeansexcitementorhappiness.Similarly,puffed-upfeathersinbirdscanindicateattacks,whilearelaxedbodyposturemaysuggestsatisfaction.Byunderstandingthesesignals,animalscaneffectivelyconveymessagesandestablishsocialclasses,ultimatelyimprovingtheirchancesofsurvivalandsuccessfulreproduction.Furthermore,bodylanguageoftenovercomeslanguagebarriers,enablingcommunicationbetweenindividualswhodonotshareacommonlanguage.Thisisparticularlyimportantindiversesocietiesorinsituationswhereverbalcommunicationisnotpossible.Insuchcases,gestures,facialexpressions,andbodymovementsbecomefundamentalinconveyingmessagesandbuildingconnections.Nonetheless,itisessentialtorecognizethatbodylanguageisnotalwaysthesame.Culturaldifferencesandindividualpersonalitytraitscanaffecttheinterpretationofcertaingesturesandexpressions.Forexample,directeyecontactisgenerallyconsideredasignofrespectandfocusinWesterncultures,whileitmaybeseenasachallengeordisrespectinothercultures.Therefore,itiscrucialtobemindfulofthesedifferenceswheninterpretingbodylanguageincross-culturalcommunication.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutbodylanguagefromparagraph1?A.Itisonlyusedbyhumans.B.Itislimitedtoverbalcommunication.C.Itcanexpressemotionsandintentions.D.Itisineffectiveinbridginglanguagebarriers.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depression”meaninparagraph2?A.Beingproud. B.Losingheart. C.Discomfort. D.Curiosity.10.Whyisbodylanguageimportantindiversesocieties?A.Itbridgeslanguagebarriers.B.Ithelpsestablishsocialclasses.C.Itistheprimaryformofcommunication.D.Itremovestheneedforverbalcommunication.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Animalsrelyonlyonverbalcommunication.B.Bodylanguageisuniversallyinterpretedthesameway.C.Understandingbodylanguagecanleadtosuccessfulreproduction.D.Culturaldifferencescanaffecttheinterpretationofbodylanguage.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言是什么，以及肢体语言给人类和动物带来什么影响。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“Throughgestures,facialexpressions,andpostures,individualsexpressemotions,intentions,andestablishsocialconnections.(通过手势、面部表情和姿势，个人表达情感、意图，并建立社会联系)”可知，个人可以通过肢体语言来表达情感和意图。故选C项。【9题详析】词义猜测题。根据第二段“Inthehumanworld,bodylanguageisanessentialpartofdailyinteractions.Asmilecaninstantlyconveyhappinessandfriendliness,whileafurrowedbrowmaysignifyworryorconfusion.Evenslightchangesinposturecancommunicateconfidenceor

depression.Bypayingattentiontothesenonverbalsignals,individualscanbetterunderstandtheunderlyingemotionsandthoughtsofothers,thusstrengtheningtheirabilitytounderstandandconnectwitheachother.(在人类世界中，肢体语言是日常互动的重要组成部分。微笑可以立即传达出幸福和友好，而眉头紧锁可能意味着担忧或困惑。即使是姿势的轻微变化也能传达出自信或depression。通过关注这些非语言信号，个体可以更好地理解他人潜在的情绪和想法，从而增强他们相互理解和联系的能力)”可知，本段提到了微笑可以幸福和友好，皱起的眉头可能表示担忧或困惑。该句中提到即使姿势的轻微变化也可以传达出自信或者怎样的信息。由此推知，depression和confidence的意思相反，confidence的意思是“自信”，所以划线词语的意思应该是不自信，与loseheart“失去信心”意思接近。故选B项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Furthermore,bodylanguageoftenovercomeslanguagebarriers,enablingcommunicationbetweenindividualswhodonotshareacommonlanguage.Thisisparticularlyimportantindiversesocietiesorinsituationswhereverbalcommunicationisnotpossible.(此外，肢体语言通常可以克服语言障碍，使不共享共同语言的人之间能够进行交流。这在不同的社会或无法进行言语交流的情况下尤为重要)”可推知，肢体语言在不同的社会中跨越了语言障碍，这点尤为重要。故选A项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nonetheless,itisessentialtorecognizethatbodylanguageisnotalwaysthesame.Culturaldifferencesandindividualpersonalitytraitscanaffecttheinterpretationofcertaingesturesandexpressions.Forexample,directeyecontactisgenerallyconsideredasignofrespectandfocusinWesterncultures,whileitmaybeseenasachallengeordisrespectinothercultures.Therefore,itiscrucialtobemindfulofthesedifferenceswheninterpretingbodylanguageincross-culturalcommunication.(尽管如此，重要的是要认识到肢体语言并不总是一样的。文化差异和个人性格特征会影响对某些手势和表情的解释。例如，在西方文化中，直接的眼神交流通常被视为尊重和专注的标志，而在其他文化中，这可能被视为一种挑战或不尊重。因此，在跨文化交际中解读肢体语言时，注意这些差异是至关重要的)”可推知，文化差异和个人性格特征会影响对某些手势和表情的解释。故选D项。DPlantsneedphosphorus(磷)togrow.Atfirst,peopleusedorganicornaturalfertilizer.In1842EnglishagriculturalchemistJohnBennetLawespatentedaprocessfortreatingphosphorus-richbonesandrockswithacid,makingiteasierforplantstoobtain,andsoontheworld’sfirsthuman-madefertilizerbeganselling.Laterscientistsdiscoveredthatphosphoruswasabittricky.ThefertilizerLawesproducedcontainedaformofphosphorusthatplantscaneasilyuse.Butassoonasthephosphorushitthesoil,alargepartofitreactedwithsoilminerals,formingsubstancesthatcropscan’taccess.Somealsogotlockedawayinequallyunavailableorganicforms.Soscientistsconcludedfarmersshouldn’tcutbackphosphorus.Theyshouldusemore,especiallyastheyracedtofeedtheworld’sgrowingpopulationsduringthe20thcentury.Infact,itwasoncesoilscientistPaulWithers’jobtospreadtheword.Asagovernmentfarmadvisorinthe1980s,hedrovearedVolvostationwagonaroundthewindingroadsofruralEnglandtellingfarmerstomakesuretheircropsgotplentyofkeynutrients.Thismethod,whichWitherscalls“insurance-basedfarming”,isstillwidelyusedaroundtheworld.Butisthelargeamountofunusedphosphorusinthesoil-so-calledlegacy(遗漏的)phosphorusactuallyasdifficulttoobtainasscientistsoncethought?EnglishcropscientistRogerSylvester-Bradleyhastakenafirstcommonsensestep:Theystoppedaddingphosphorusfertilizertohalfthebarleyfieldtoseehowtheplantswouldgrow.Eightyearslater,theyhaveonlyjuststartedtoobservethefirstsignsofphosphorusshortage.BarbaraCade-Menun,whooverseessimilarexperimentsinCanada,says,“Ourproductionisn’tchanging.”“Theplantscanuseourmistakesfromthepast,”saysSheidaSattari,whose2012analysisfoundglobalsoilscontainenoughlegacyphosphorustocuttheexpecteddemandfornewfertilizerinhalfby2050.12.WhatwasthedisadvantageofLawes’fertilizer?A.Thecostofproducingitwasabithigh.B.Toomuchofitwoulddoharmtoplants.C.Itcouldonlybepartlyabsorbedbyplants.D.Itledtothelossofsomemineralsinthesoil.13.WhatwasWithers’attitudetophosphorusoveruse?A.Hefeltuncertainofit.B.Hewasinfavorofit.C.Hewasworriedaboutit.D.Heshowednointerestinit.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyfocuson?A.Theincreasingcostsoffertilizer.B.Theshortageofphosphorusresources.C.Theineffectivenessof“insurance-basedfarming”.D.Thephosphoruspollutionoftheenvironment.15.WhatdoSattari’swordsmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Cropscanliveonlegacyphosphorus.B.Phosphorusisanecessitytogrowcrops.C.Unusedphosphorusiscausingbigtrouble.D.Itiswrongtousealargeamountofphosphorus.【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究，表明过去强调的每年要给农作物足够的磷肥是错误的，其实农作物可以靠遗留下来的磷生存。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThefertilizerLawesproducedcontainedaformofphosphorusthatplantscaneasilyuse.Butassoonasthephosphorushitthesoil,alargepartofitreactedwithsoilminerals,formingsubstancesthatcropscan’taccess.Somealsogotlockedawayinequallyunavailableorganicforms.(Lawes生产的肥料含有一种植物很容易利用的磷。但一旦磷进入土壤，其中很大一部分就会与土壤矿物质发生反应，形成作物无法接触到的物质。有些还被锁在同样不可用的有机形式中)”可知，Lawes的肥料缺点是只能部分被植物吸收。故选C项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Infact,itwasoncesoilscientistPaulWithers’jobtospreadtheword.Asagovernmentfarmadvisorinthe1980s,hedrovearedVolvostationwagonaroundthewindingroadsofruralEnglandtellingfarmerstomakesuretheircropsgotplentyofkeynutrients.Thismethod,whichWitherscalls“insurance-basedfarming,”isstillwidelyusedaroundtheworld.(事实上，传播这个信息曾经是土壤科学家PaulWithers的工作。20世纪80年代，作为一名政府农业顾问，他驾驶着一辆红色的沃尔沃旅行车在英格兰农村蜿蜒的道路上行驶，告诉农民要确保他们的庄稼获得足够的关键营养)”可推知，Withers对磷的过度使用持赞成态度。故选B项。【14题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Thismethod,whichWitherscalls‘insurance-basedfarming’,isstillwidelyusedaroundtheworld.(Withers称之为“保险农业”的这种方法至今仍在世界各地广泛使用)”和第四段中“EnglishcropscientistRogerSylvester-Bradleyhastakenafirstcommonsensestep:Theystoppedaddingphosphorusfertilizertohalfthebarleyfieldtoseehowtheplantswouldgrow.Eightyearslater,theyhaveonlyjuststartedtoobservethefirstsignsofphosphorusshortage.(英国作物科学家RogerSylvester-Bradley迈出了合乎常理的第一步：他们停止向一半的大麦田添加磷肥，以观察植物的生长情况。八年后，他们才刚刚开始观察到磷短缺的最初迹象)”以及“Ourproductionisn’tchanging.(我们的产量没有改变)”可知，本段强调说明了“保险农业”的无效性，即没有必要每年都使用那么多磷肥。故选C项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Theplantscanuseourmistakesfromthepast,’saysSheidaSattari,whose2012analysisfoundglobalsoilscontainenoughlegacyphosphorustocuttheexpecteddemandfornewfertilizerinhalfby2050.(‘植物可以利用我们过去的错误，’SheidaSattari说，他2012年的分析发现，到2050年，全球土壤中遗留的磷含量足以将新肥料的预期需求减少一半)”可推知，Sattari的话说明农作物可以靠遗留下来的磷生存。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。H.G.Wells,bornin1866,wastrainedasascientist,apioneeramonghisliterarycontemporaries,andwasperhapsthemostimportantfigureinthegenre(类型)thatwouldbecomesciencefiction.Writersinthistraditionhaveahistorynotjustofimaginingthefutureasitmightbe,butofinspiringotherstomakeitareality.____16____.Audiobook,Airplane,andTelevisionWellsimaginedformsoffutureentertainment.InWhentheSleeperWakes(1899),residentsusefantasticformsoftechnologylikeaudiobooks,airplanesandtelevisionsets.____17____VisitorstoTheIslandofDr.Moreau(1896)meetoddcreaturescreatedbythemadmandoctorinhuman-animalhybridexperimentsthatmaypredicttheageofgeneticengineering.____18____,thoughtodayhumanimmunesystems(免疫系统)stillultimatelyrejectsuchefforts.Lasers(激光)MartiansinTheWaroftheWorlds(1898)giveoffwhatWellscalledaHeatRay.____19____.ItwouldbemorethansixdecadesbeforeTheodoreHaroldMaimanfiredupthefirstoperationallaserin1960,butmilitarythinkershadbeenhopingtoweaponize(使…武器化)theconceptuallaserbeforeitwasprovenpractical,.AtomicBombs(原子弹)____20____.TheatomicbombsheintroducesinTheWorldSetFree(1914)fuelawarsodisastrousthatitssurvivorsaremovedtocreateaunifiedworldgovernmenttoavoidfutureconflicts.A.GeneticEngineeringB.Directed-energyWeaponsC.ItcanburnenemieswithanoiselessflashoflightD.ItisoftenawarningabouttheconsequencesoftechnologyE.HerearesomeoftheincredibleWellspredictionsthathavecometrueF.WellsrecognizedthedamagingpowerthatmightbecreatedbythisweaponG.Scientistsareworkingtowardsthepossibilitythatanimalorganscouldsavehumanpatients【答案】16.E17.A18.G19.C20.F【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些已经实现的令人难以置信的Wells预言。【16题详析】上文“H.G.Wells,bornin1866,wastrainedasascientist,apioneeramonghisliterarycontemporaries,andwasperhapsthemostimportantfigureinthegenre(类型)thatwouldbecomesciencefiction.Writersinthistraditionhaveahistorynotjustofimaginingthefutureasitmightbe,butofinspiringotherstomakeitareality.(H.G.Wells出生于1866年，被培养成一名科学家，在他的文学同代人中是一位先驱，也许是科幻小说流派中最重要的人物。这一传统的作家不仅有想象未来的历史，而且有激励他人使其成为现实的历史。)”概括介绍了H.G.Wells，他是科幻小说流派中最重要的人物，有想象未来的历史，选项E“以下是一些已经实现的令人难以置信的Wells预言”承接上文，引起下文，介绍一些已经实现的Wells想象未来的预言。故选E项。【17题详析】下文“VisitorstoTheIslandofDr.Moreau(1896)meetoddcreaturescreatedbythemadmandoctorinhuman-animalhybridexperimentsthatmaypredicttheageofgeneticengineering.(《莫罗博士岛》(1896)的游客们会看到这位疯狂的医生在人兽杂交实验中创造的奇怪生物，这可能预示着基因工程的时代。)”介绍了他的有关基因工程的幻想作品，选项A“基因工程”符合本段主题，适合做小标题。故选A项。【18题详析】上文“VisitorstoTheIslandofDr.Moreau(1896)meetoddcreaturescreatedbythemadmandoctorinhuman-animalhybridexperimentsthatmaypredicttheageofgeneticengineering.(《莫罗博士岛》(1896)的游客们会看到这位疯狂的医生在人兽杂交实验中创造的奇怪生物，这可能预示着基因工程的时代。)”提到了基因工程，选项G“科学家们正在研究用动物器官拯救人类病人的可能性”承接上文，说明科学家们正在研究动物基因工程拯救病人的可能性，和后文“thoughtodayhumanimmunesystems(免疫系统)stillultimatelyrejectsuchefforts(尽管今天人类的免疫系统最终还是会拒绝这种努力)”之间存在转折关系。故选G项。【19题详析】上文“MartiansinTheWaroftheWorlds(1898)giveoffwhatWellscalledaHeatRay.(《世界大战》(1898)中的火星人释放出威尔斯所说的热射线。)”介绍了他的科幻想象中的热射线，选项C“它可以用无声的闪光燃烧敌人”承接上文，说明热射线的作用——闪光燃烧敌人。选项中it指上文中的HeatRay，故选C项。【20题详析】下文“TheatomicbombsheintroducesinTheWorldSetFree(1914)fuelawarsodisastrousthatitssurvivorsaremovedtocreateaunifiedworldgovernmenttoavoidfutureconflicts.(他在《世界自由》(1914)中介绍的原子弹引发了一场灾难性的战争，幸存者们为了避免未来的冲突而建立了一个统一的世界政府。)”介绍说他提到过原子弹给人类带来灾难，选项F“Wells认识到这种武器可能产生的破坏力”引领下文，说明Wells认识到这种武器可能产生的破坏力。故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。IhavealwayswonderedhowfarIcouldpushmyself.Whataremy____21____limits?Ourbodies,ofcourse,set____22____foreachofus.Evenwithnewerrunningshoesandbetter____23____,therewillalwaysbelimitstohowfastpeoplecan____24____orhowmuchweighttheycanlift.Also,althoughwecangetourselvesin____25____shape,someofusarejustgeneticallymoresuitedtostrengthand____26____.But,moreimportantly,it’saperson’s____27____thatdetermineshowfarheorshecango.So,howcouldIbesttestmyself?JohnCollinswaslivinginHawaiiwhenhe____28____thisquestion.Onenight,hewaslisteningtoafewfriendsargueaboutwhetherrunnersorswimmerswereinbettershape.He____29____theargumentbyturningitintoanideaforacompetition.Each____30____wouldswim3.9kilometers,bike180kilometersandthenrun42kilometers.Thefirstoneto____31____wouldbegiventhetitleIronman!Idecidedtotaketheadvice.PreparingfortheIronmanracestartedwithfood.Istarted____32____fivetoseventimesadaytogivemyselfmoreenergyasI____33____.Swimming,cyclingandrunningbeganto____34____alargepartofeachdayforme.Inbetween,therewereworkoutsinthegym.Finally,thedayarrived.Seventeenhoursafterstarting,Iarrivedatthefinishline.I____35____wasn’tthefirst,butIhadchallengedmyselfandfeltlikeawinner!21.A.social B.intellectual C.readable D.physical22.A.goals B.examples C.limits D.records23.A.warning B.blessing C.training D.understanding24.A.learn B.drive C.speak D.run25.A.better B.darker C.smaller D.sharper26.A.wisdom B.speed C.labor D.management27.A.mind B.patience C.choice D.background28.A.laughedat B.putforward C.objectedto D.benefitedfrom29.A.weakened B.remembered C.started D.broadened30.A.audience B.instructor C.discoverer D.competitor31.A.fail B.finish C.apply D.disappear32.A.drinking B.eating C.dancing D.swimming33.A.exercised B.calculated C.played D.escaped34.A.sumup B.insiston C.takeup D.dependon35.A.certainly B.generally C.impossibly D.gratefully【答案】21.D22.C23.C24.D25.A26.B27.A28.B29.D30.D31.B32.B33.A34.C35.A【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者一直想知道自己的身体极限是什么?作者参加了铁人赛准备工作，从食物开始，游泳、骑自行车和跑步开始占据作者每天的大部分时间。虽然比赛结果自己不是第一个，但挑战了自己，感觉自己像个胜利者!【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的身体极限是什么?A.social社会的；B.intellectual知识的；C.readable可读的；D.physical身体的。根据“Ourbodies,ofcourse,setforeachofus.”可知，作者不知道自己身体极限是什么。故选D。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，我们的身体为我们每个人设定了限制。A.goals目标；B.examples例子；C.limit极限；D.records记录。根据“therewillalwaysbelimits”可知，身体有极限。故选C。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使有了更新的跑鞋和更好的训练，人们能跑多快或能举起多少重量总是有限制的。A.warning警告；B.blessing祝福；C.training训练；D.understanding理解。根据“therewillalwaysbelimitstohowfastpeoplecanorhowmuchweighttheycanlift.”可知，通过更好的训练，人们能跑更快或能举起更大重量的物体，故选C。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使有了更新的跑鞋和更好的训练，人们能跑多快或能举起多少重量总是有限制的。A.learn学习；B.drive开车；C.speak说话；D.run跑步。根据“Evenwithnewerrunningshoes”可知，准备跑鞋跑步。故选D。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，尽管我们可以让自己保持更好的体型，但我们中的一些人只是在基因上更适合力量和速度。A.better更好的；B.darker更暗的；C.smaller更小的；D.sharper更锋利的。根据“Evenwithnewerrunningshoesandbetter,”可知，经过更好训练可以让体型更好，故选A。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，尽管我们可以让自己保持更好的体型，但我们中的一些人只是在基因上更适合力量和速度。A.wisdom智慧；B.speed速度；C.labor劳动；D.management管理。根据“someofusarejustgeneticallymoresuitedtostrength”可知，锻炼让我们保持体型也能提升力量和速度，故选B。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，更重要的是，一个人的思想决定了他或她能走多远。A.mind思想；B.patience耐心；C.choice选择；D.background背景。根据“butIhadchallengedmyselfandfeltlikeawinner!”可知，这是思想决定自己走多远。故选A。【28题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：约翰·科林提出这个问题时住在夏威夷。A.laughedat嘲笑；B.putforward提出；C.objectedto反对；D.benefitedfrom从中受益。根据“So,howcouldIbesttestmyself?”可知，这是约翰提出的问题。故选B。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他扩大了论点，把它变成了一个竞赛的想法。A.weakened变弱；B.remembered记得；C.started开始；D.broadened扩大。根据“byturningitintoanideaforacompetition.”可知，这是他把论点进行了扩大。故选D。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个参赛者都要游泳9公里，自行车180公里，然后跑步42公里。A.audience观众；B.instructor指导者；C.discoverer发现者；D.competitor竞赛者。根据“byturningitintoanideaforacompetition.”可知，这是参赛者要完成的项目。故选D。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一个到达终点的人将被授予铁人的称号!A.fail失败；B.finish完成；C.apply运用；D.disappear消失。根据“wouldbegiventhetitleIronman!”可知，第一个达到终点的人。故选B。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始每天吃五到七次，以便在锻炼时给自己更多的能量。A.drinking喝水；B.eating吃；C.dancing跳舞；D.swimming游泳。根据“PreparingfortheIronmanracestartedwithfood”可知，开始吃得更多。故选B。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始每天吃五到七次，以便在锻炼时给自己更多的能量。A.exercised练习；B.calculated计算；C.played演奏；D.escaped逃离。根据“PreparingfortheIronmanracestartedwithfood.”可知，作者在为铁人赛锻炼身体。故选A。【34题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：游泳、骑自行车和跑步开始占据我每天的大部分时间。A.sumup总结；B.insiston坚持；C.takeup占据；D.dependon依赖。根据“Inbetween,therewereworkoutsinthegym.”可知，大部分时间被游泳、骑自行车、跑步占据。故选C。【35题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我当然不是第一个，但我挑战了自己，感觉自己像个胜利者!A.certainly当然；B.generally一般；C.impossibly不可能；D.gratefully感激。根据“butIhadchallengedmyselfandfeltlikeawinner!”可知，虽然作者不是第一个到达终点的人，这是当然地，但是感觉自己像一个胜利者。故选A。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，ThepaintingProsperousSuzhou,inkandcoloronpaper,1,241cminlengthand36.5cminwidth,is___36___(current)housedintheLiaoningProvincialMuseum.Thepainting___37___(complete)in1759duringtheQingDynasty.___38___(paint)inhandscrollformat(手卷)withcavalierperspe