山东省济宁市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省济宁市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydoesthewomandislikecooking?A.Shehatestodothecleaning.B.Shecan’tgetgoodfeedback.C.Sheneedstopreparetheingredients.【答案】A【原文】M:Ireallyenjoycreatingamealfromvariousingredientsandwatchingmyfriendsenjoyit.Itgivesmearealsenseofsatisfaction.Doyouenjoycooking?W:No,Idon’t.Cleaningupafterdinnerisnofun.Forme,theterribleconsequenceofmakingahome-cookedmealisthemess—havingtocleanthepots,thepans,thecounters,etc.2.HowdidLisagettoBaltimore?A.Bybus. B.Bytrain. C.Bytaxi.【答案】B【原文】M:WelcometoBaltimore!Lisa,I’llbetyousleptwellafterthatlongbusridefromCharlotte.W:Actually,Ididn’ttakethelong-distancebus.Ihadanice,relaxingtrainride.ThenItookataxitomyhotel.3.Whydoesthemanfeelsorry?A.Hefailedhismathexam.B.Hemadeamistakeatwork.C.Hewasn’tabletohelpJane.【答案】C【原文】M:SorryIwasn’ttheretogiveyouanyassistancewiththepreparationforthemathtest,Jane.Iwasuptomyneckinwork.W:It’sOK,Dad.Iunderstand.Ididprettywellanyway.4.Whatmaythemandothisafternoon?A.Takeamusiclesson. B.Gotoasummercamp. C.HelpTinawithpiano.【答案】C【原文】M:Mom,couldyoudomeafavortoturnoffthemusic?W:Why?M:It’sthefirstdayaftermyharshsummercamp.Iwon’tgetuptillTinacallsmetogiveherpianoinstructionsthisafternoon.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Amovie. B.Apainting. C.Aphotograph.【答案】B【原文】W:Lookatthis.Ayoungwomanwassurroundedbypumpkins.M:Um...Herfaceissorealistic.Ialmostthoughtitwasaphotograph.W:Well,thecolorsusedarebright,creatingasenseofenergyandpleasure.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whydoesthewomanrefusetosendthemananexample?A.ItneedsMr.Taylor’spermission.B.Sheknowslittleaboutpaper.C.Thetop-qualitypaperissoldout.7.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Overthephone. B.Inastore. C.AtMr.Taylor’shouse.【答案】6.B7.A【原文】W:Hello,thisisArtistSupplies,howcanIhelpyou?M:Hello,doyouhaveanygoodqualityartpaper?W:Iguesswehave.M:OK,Ineedtop-qualitypaperfortheprojectI’mdoing.Canyousendmeanexample?W:I’msorry,sir.I’mafriendoftheownerandIcometokeepaneyeonthestorejustforthemorning.Idon’treallyknowmuchaboutdifferenttypesofpaper.WhatIcandoiswaitforMr.Taylor,theshopowner,toarriveandaskhimtocallyouback.Heknowsaboutpaint,brushes...everything.M:OK.Thankyou.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.WhatdoweknowaboutJason?A.Heisover16yearsold.B.Heisnotsureofhimself.C.Heisgoodatgamedesign.9.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Friends.【答案】8.B9.A【原文】W:Jason,willyoujointhecompetitionforyoungvideogamedesigners?M:Areyouserious?Idon’tknowifI’mreallyuptoit.W:It’sfor11-to-16-year-olds,soitshouldbeyoursortofthing.Don’tyouthink?M:It’smoreaquestionofwhetherI’vegotwhatittakesreally.W:You’regoodatplayingvideogames.M:Butit’sreallyadifferentthingtodesignavideogame.W:Well,sweetie,Ithinkyoushouldhaveatry.Yourteachersalwayssayyou’resmart.IhavesignedyouupforthecontestbecauseyourfatherandIhaveconfidenceinyou.M:Thanks.I’lltrymybest.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.WhatdidJennysavethekidfrom?A.Acarcrash. B.Abigfire. C.Drowning.11.HowmuchmoneyhasJennygotasthewinningprize?A.$50,000. B.$100,000. C.$200,000.12.Whatmightthewomanbe?A.Asinger. B.Anactress. C.Acomposer.【答案】10.C11.A12.C【原文】W:Didyouwatchthe6:30newsonChannel5lastnight?M:No.Anybignews?W:Notexactly.It’sjustthatJennywasonthenews.M:Oh,wasitbecauseofhersavingthatkidfromthefire?W:Youmustbemistaken.Actuallyshesavedthekidwhoslippedandfellintothewater.Anyway,no,it’sbecauseshewonamusiccontest.Doyouknowwhatprizeshe’sgot?M:$100,000?W:Halfthat,andalsoajourneytoEuropetogiveseveralconcerts.FinallythesongsIwroteforhercouldbeheardbymillionsofpeople.M:That’sgreat.Iloveyoursongs.It’ssogoodthatyourtalentcouldgetrecognitionbytheworldaftersomanyyears.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Terrible. B.Average. C.Good.14.Whatcanpeoplegetfromacarbootsale?A.Discountedcars. B.Secondhanditems.C.Outdoortrips.15.WhatdoesRobert’skidlovemostamongthepresents?A.Aplastictrain. B.Arobotsoldier. C.Anoldsilvercoin.16.WhatwillRobertdowiththeminimotorbike?A.Reproduceit. B.Repaintit. C.Sellit.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.B【原文】W:Robert,themovieJusticeLeaguewaswayworsethanIhadexpected.Youwereluckythatyoudidn’tgotothecinemawithus.Wheredidyougolastweekendanyway?M:Iwenttoacarbootsalenearmyhome.W:Awhat?M:Acarbootsale.It’sanoutdoorsaleatwhichpeoplesellthingsfromthetrunksoftheircars.TherewerelotsofsellersgettingridofunwantedChristmaspresents.W:Isee.Sodidyoumanagetopickupanybargains?M:Plenty.Igotpresentsformykid,likewoodenplanes,plastictrains,robotsoldiers,etc.HeespeciallylikesanoldsilverEnglishcoinIgotforhim.Hethinksit’sfullofhistory.W:Didyougetyourselfsomethingnice?M:Ofcourse.Igotmyselfarealcoolminimotorbikewhichwasproducedinthe1960s.Theformerownerhadkeptitinaverygoodcondition.Theengineisstillverypowerful.AllIneedtodoispaintitwithanewcolor.W:Goodforyou.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.WhatcausedMarytodotheexperiments?A.Apieceofnews. B.Atruckaccident. C.Someprojectdata.18.WheredidMarydoherexperiments?A.Atschool. B.Ontheroad. C.Inafield.19.Whichsoundfrequencycouldsendthedeeraway?A.25,000hertz. B.20,000hertz. C.14,000hertz.20.WhatisthepurposeofMary’sexperiments?A.Toimprovethehearingofthedeer.B.Toprovideshelterforthedeer.C.Toprotectthedeerfromdanger.【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.C【原文】M:Hereisapieceofnewsfordeerlovers.Maryisan18-year-oldsenioratNixonHighSchool,whoworkedoutanoisetodrivethedeeraway.Adeerjumpedintotheroadandhitheruncle’struck.Theaccidentinspiredhertolookforadeer-defensivemeasure.Accordingtothedatafromascienceproject,deerandhumansheartheworlddifferently.Peoplesensesoundsintherangeof20to20,000hertz.Deerlivelifealittlehigher.Theycanhearbetweenabout250and30,000hertz.Thatmeansdeercanhearsoundswellabovewhatpeoplecansense.Forherexperiments,Maryfoundaclearing,asmallfieldwhereshesetupaspeakerandaremotecontrol.Whenitsentouta14,000hertzsound,itdidn’tsendthedeertorunaway.Sheincreasedthesoundgradually,andwhenthespeakerbroadcast25,000hertz,thedeerjustwalkedaway.Theteenexpectsherwarning“whistle”tobebroadcastfromspeakersalongthesidesofahighway.Thesewillwarnthedeertostayaway—evenwhenthereisnocarinsight.“It’slikeaspotlightforanimals,”shesays.Thatwayitmaykeepdeerofftheroad.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEnglishLanguageArtsandLiteratureClassroomPoliciesAbsences:Onlyabsencesduetoillnessordoctor’sappointmentsareexcused.Absencesforanyotherreasonincludingtravelorshadowing,etc.,areunexcused.Noextensionsforassignments,homework,ortestswillbegivenforunexcusedabsences.AssignmentsandPapers:Keepallassignmentsandpapersinyourbinder(活页夹)andbringthemtoclasseachday.Itistheresponsibilityofthestudenttoturninassignmentsonorbeforetheduedate.Pleasetypeallassignmentsasdouble-spaced,single-sided,withan11fontsize,andaproperpaperheadingandtitleunlessotherwiseinstructed.Ifastudentcan’tturninanassignmentonthedayitisduebecauseofatechnologymalfunction(computercrash,etc)thenawrittenandsignednotebyaparentexplainingthemalfunctionisrequired.AssignmentHeadings:Allstudent-preparedpapersaretohaveaproperheading.Missingthecompleteheadingissubjecttoa10%reduction.Seebelowforaheadingexample:FullName/ClassDateTitleofAssignmentGradingPolicy:AllassignmentsinthisclassreflecttheacademicgradingpolicyforWoodsideSchool.Gradesforclassareweightedinthefollowingway:Essays25%,Tests25%,Projects25%,HomeworkandClassAssignments25%.LateWork:Alllateworkwillbesubjecttoareductionofatleast10%foreachdaytheassignmentislate.Lateprojectsarereduced20%foreachlateday.Lateworkisacceptedfor5daysaftertheduedate.Missedtestswillneedtobecompletedwithinoneweekoftheoriginaltestdate.21.Whatisneededifatechnologyproblemdelaysanassignment?A.Aparent-signednote. B.Apaperheadingandtitle.C.Aspokenexplanation. D.Ahandwrittenreport.22.Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitaprojecttwodaysaftertheduedate?A.You’llreceiveazero. B.You’llgeta40%reduction.C.You’llbegivenatest. D.You’llhave5daystodoit.【答案】21.A22.C23.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了英语语言艺术与文学课堂的规章制度。【21题详析】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Ifastudentcan’tturninanassignmentonthedayitisduebecauseofatechnologymalfunction(computercrash,etc)thenawrittenandsignednotebyaparentexplainingthemalfunctionisrequired.(如果学生因技术故障（如电脑崩溃等）无法在截止日期当天提交作业，则需要家长提供一份书面说明并签字，解释故障情况。)”可知，如果技术问题延误了任务，需要家长签署的便条。故选A。【22题详析】细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Gradesforclassareweightedinthefollowingway:Essays25%,Tests25%,Projects25%,HomeworkandClassAssignments25%.(课程成绩的权重分配如下：论文25%，测试25%，项目25%，家庭作业和课堂作业25%。)”可知，学生的最终成绩由四部分组成。故选C。【23题详析】细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Lateprojectsarereduced20%foreachlateday.(迟交的项目每天将被扣除20%的分数。)”可知，晚交的项目每天减少20%。因此，如果你在截止日期后两天提交项目，你的分数将减少40%。故选B。BYearsagowhenIwasstartingtoexploretheworldinearnest—makingmyfirsttripstoAfricaandAsiaandtheArctic—Ibelievedthatlookingattheworldthroughacameraheldbackmyabilitytoseewhatwasreallyinfrontofmeandtonoticewhatmattered.Ithoughtthattryingtocapture(捕获)goodpicturestookmeoutofthemomentandmademeconsciousofconstructinganimageratherthanabsorbingwhatIwasexperiencing.I’vesincechangedmymindaboutthat.TodayItakeplentyofphotos,notjustonmytravelsbutintheeverydaylife—whenInoticeaninterestingmushroomwhilewalkingthedog,orwatchthecloudformationsbeforeastorm.Iunderstandnowthattakingpicturescanbeawaytostopandmakebettersenseoftheworldaroundus.That’soneimportantoutcomeoftheworkthatourphenomenalphotographersdoforNationalGeographic.Andit’swhyI’msopleasedthatwehavedevotedthismonth’smagazinetoimmersingyouinthatwork.Ofcourse,theseprofessionalshaveamuchdifferentrelationshipwithphotographythanIdo.Theirworkiscreatively,intellectually,andlogisticallychallenginginwaysthatmostofushobbyistphotographerscanhardlyimagine.Forthem,itisanartandasciencethatthey’veperfected—awaytostopusinourtracksandmakeuspayattentiontoastorythatneedstobetold.Attheirbest,photographersrevealwhatisn’treadilyseen.Inadditiontoimpressivephotos,we’relettingyouheardirectlyfromahandfulofourphotographers,whosharestoriesthattakeyoudeeperintosomeoftheirmostinterestingprojects.You’lllearntheextremelengthstowhichourcontributorshavegonetocapturesomeoftheseshots,andgetacloserlookattheequipmentthatmakesitallpossible.Ihopeyouenjoytheissue.24.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialbeliefabouttakingphotographs?A.Itkepthimfromfullyenjoyingthepresent. B.Itgreatlyenhancedhistravelexperiences.C.Ithelpedrecordunforgettablememories. D.Itindicatedhisrelianceonthecamera.25.Whatisakeyabilityofprofessionalphotographersaccordingtotheauthor?A.Simplifyingcomplexprocesses. B.Imaginingtouchingstories.C.Documentingeventsaccurately. D.Presentingunnoticedscenes.26.Whatdoesthemagazineofferbesidesphotos?A.Acontributionforphotographers. B.Abehind-the-sceneslook.C.Photographertrainingprojects. D.Publishers’firsthandstories.27.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A.Earth’sArtworks. B.AroundtheWorld. C.Reader’sLetter. D.FromtheEditor.【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者对于拍照的态度转变以及摄影师的工作成果。【24题详析】细节理解题。由文章第一段“YearsagowhenIwasstartingtoexploretheworldinearnest—makingmyfirsttripstoAfricaandAsiaandtheArctic—Ibelievedthatlookingattheworldthroughacameraheldbackmyabilitytoseewhatwasreallyinfrontofmeandtonoticewhatmattered.Ithoughtthattryingtocapture(捕获)goodpicturestookmeoutofthemomentandmademeconsciousofconstructinganimageratherthanabsorbingwhatIwasexperiencing.(多年前，当我开始认真地探索这个世界——首次踏上非洲、亚洲和北极的旅程时——我认为，透过相机镜头看世界会阻碍我真正看到眼前的一切，让我错过那些真正重要的事情。我觉得，试图拍出好照片会让我无法沉浸于当下，让我一门心思地构造画面，而不是去体会我正在经历的一切。)”可知，作者最初认为拍照会阻碍自己真正看到眼前的东西，注意到重要的事情，让自己无法专注于正在经历的事情，而是专注于构图。因此，作者最初认为拍照会让自己无法充分享受当下。故选A。【25题详析】细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Attheirbest,photographersrevealwhatisn’treadilyseen.(在他们状态最佳时，摄影师们能揭示那些不易察觉的东西。)”可知，作者认为摄影师的关键能力是展现那些不易被察觉的东西。故选D。【26题详析】细节理解题。由文章第五段中“Inadditiontoimpressivephotos,we’relettingyouheardirectlyfromahandfulofourphotographers,whosharestoriesthattakeyoudeeperintosomeoftheirmostinterestingprojects.(除了令人印象深刻的照片，我们还让大家直接听到我们几位摄影师的声音，他们分享的故事将带你深入了解他们一些最有趣的项目。)”可知，杂志还会提供幕后花絮。故选B。【27题详析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Ihopeyouenjoytheissue.(我希望你会喜欢这一期杂志。)”可知，作者希望读者喜欢本期杂志，可推知本文是编辑写给读者的话，可能出现在杂志的“FromtheEditor(来自编辑)”一栏。故选D。CImaginesittinginadarkmovietheaterwonderingjusthowmuchsodaisleftinyouroversizedcup.Ratherthanpullingoffthecapandlooking,youpickupandshakethecupabittohearhowmuchiceisinside,givingyouadecentindicationofifyou’llneedtogetafreerefill.Settingthedrinkbackdown,youwonderabsent-mindedlyifthearmrestismadeofrealwood.Aftergivingitafewknocksandhearinganemptysound,youdecideitmustbemadefromplastic.Thisabilitytointerprettheworldthroughsoundvibrations(振动)comingfromanobjectiswhatresearchersarejustabouttogivetorobotstoboosttheirrapidlygrowingsetofsensingabilities.SettobepublishedattheConferenceonRobotLearninginMunich,Germany,newresearchfromDukeUniversitydetailsasystementitledSonicSensethatallowsrobotstointeractwiththeirsurroundingsinwayspreviouslylimitedtohumans.SonicSensefeaturesarobotichandwithfourfingers,eachequippedwithacontactmicrophoneplacedinthefingertip.Thesesensorsdetectandrecordvibrationsgeneratedwhentherobotgraspsorshakesanobject.WhileSonicSenseisnotthefirstattempttousethisapproach,itgoesfurtherandperformsbetterthanpreviousworkbyusingtouch-basedmicrophonesthattuneoutnoiseandadvancedAItechniques.Basedontheinteractionsanddetectedsignals,SonicSenseextractsfrequencyfeaturesandusesitspreviousknowledge,pairedwithAI,tofigureoutwhatmaterialtheobjectismadeoutof.Ifit’sanobjectthesystemhasneverseenbefore,itmighttake20differentinteractionsforthesystemtocometoaconclusion.Butifit’sanobjectalreadyinitsdatabase,itcancorrectlyidentifyitinaslittleasfour.SonicSensegivesrobotsanewwaytohearandfeel,muchlikehumans,whichcantransformhowcurrentrobotsperceiveandinteractwithobjects.Whilevisionisessential,soundaddslayersofinformationthatcanrevealthingstheeyemightmiss.28.Whatdoestheauthorstressinthefirstparagraph?A.Howpeopleperceivetheenvironment. B.Whenmoviegoersmakeroughestimates.C.Whatfunctionvisionperformsindarkness. D.Whetherpeopleshouldtrustinitialjudgments.29.HowdoesSonicSensemakerobotsdifferent?A.Itgenerateshandmovementsbyvibration. B.Itenablesrobotstointeractwithhumans.C.Itemployssoundtointerprettheworld. D.Itintegratesdiversevisualfeedback.30.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSonicSense’sobjectrecognition?A.Safety-centered. B.Multi-tasked. C.Adaptable. D.Sustainable.31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TechnologyEquipsRobotswithBetterVisionB.ListeningSkillsGiveRobotsHuman-likeTouchC.EyesonSonicSense:theCustomizableWonderD.SoundsGreat:RobotswithanExpressiveVoice【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了SonicSense系统让机器人通过声音感知世界。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Imaginesittinginadarkmovietheaterwonderingjusthowmuchsodaisleftinyouroversizedcup.Ratherthanpullingoffthecapandlooking,youpickupandshakethecupabittohearhowmuchiceisinside,givingyouadecentindicationofifyou’llneedtogetafreerefill.Settingthedrinkbackdown,youwonderabsent-mindedlyifthearmrestismadeofrealwood.Aftergivingitafewknocksandhearinganemptysound,youdecideitmustbemadefromplastic.(想象一下，你坐在黑暗的电影院里，好奇自己那个超大杯的可乐里还剩下多少。与其拧开盖子查看，你不如拿起杯子轻轻摇晃一下，听听里面的冰块声音，以此来大致判断是否需要去免费续杯。把饮料放回原位后，你漫不经心地想着扶手是不是真木头做的。轻敲了几下，听到空洞的声音后，你断定它一定是塑料做的)”可知，第一段主要描述了人们在黑暗的电影院里通过摇晃杯子听里面冰块的声音来判断汽水还剩多少，以及通过敲击扶手听声音来判断扶手材质的例子。这些例子旨在说明人们是如何通过声音来感知周围环境的，即人们如何感知环境。故选A。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Thisabilitytointerprettheworldthroughsoundvibrations(振动)comingfromanobjectiswhatresearchersarejustabouttogivetorobotstoboosttheirrapidlygrowingsetofsensingabilities.(研究人员正计划赋予机器人通过物体发出的声音振动来解读世界的能力，以增强它们日益增长的感知能力)”以及第四段“SonicSensefeaturesarobotichandwithfourfingers,eachequippedwithacontactmicrophoneplacedinthefingertip.Thesesensorsdetectandrecordvibrationsgeneratedwhentherobotgraspsorshakesanobject.(SonicSense的特点是配备了一只具有四个手指的机器人手，每个指尖都装有接触式麦克风。这些传感器能够检测和记录机器人抓取或摇晃物体时产生的振动)”可知，SonicSense让机器人能够通过声音振动来感知和理解周围世界，即它用声音来解释世界，这是它使机器人与众不同的地方。故选C。【30题详析】推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Ifit’sanobjectthesystemhasneverseenbefore,itmighttake20differentinteractionsforthesystemtocometoaconclusion.Butifit’sanobjectalreadyinitsdatabase,itcancorrectlyidentifyitinaslittleasfour.(如果是系统从未见过的物体，系统可能需要20次不同的交互才能得出结论。但如果物体已经在它的数据库中，它可能只需四次就能正确识别)”可知，SonicSense的对象识别具有适应性。故选C。【31题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Thisabilitytointerprettheworldthroughsoundvibrations(振动)comingfromanobjectiswhatresearchersarejustabouttogivetorobotstoboosttheirrapidlygrowingsetofsensingabilities.(研究人员正计划赋予机器人通过物体发出的声音振动来解读世界的能力，以增强它们日益增长的感知能力)”和最后一段中“SonicSensegivesrobotsanewwaytohearandfeel,muchlikehumans,whichcantransformhowcurrentrobotsperceiveandinteractwithobjects.(SonicSense为机器人提供了一种新的听觉和触觉方式，与人类颇为相似，这可以改变当前机器人感知和与物体交互的方式)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员赋予机器人通过声音振动解释世界的能力，使机器人拥有像人类一样的听觉和触觉，这可以改变当前机器人感知和与物体互动的方式。因此，B选项“ListeningSkillsGiveRobotsHuman-likeTouch(倾听技能赋予机器人人类般的触觉)”可以作为文章最佳标题。故选B。DAtfirstglance,adeadtreemightseemtobelittlemorethananempty,fadinglog.Butlookcloser.Fromcrawlingantstonestingbats,awholecommunityofcreatureshassettledin,theirverysurvivaloftendependentonthetree’sdeath.Deadtreesarenowbecomingamajorpointofforestmanagement.Recentdecadeshavebroughtgreaterunderstandingofthevitalfunctiondeadtreesserveinsupportingbiodiversityandforestregeneration—and,withit,agrowingmovementtopreservethem.Thedeathofatreeishardlytheend.Instead,arapidtransformationbegins,bringingnewdynamismintothelifelessbranches.Uponitsdeath,thetree’stightlyclosedplumbing(管道系统),previouslyusedtotransportnutrientsandwater,becomesemptyandpermeable(可渗透的).Theseemptied-outstructures,stillstandingupright,arealsoknownassnagsorwildlifetrees.Becauseoftheiruprightness,snagscanhostahighdiversityofspeciesthatvariesfromtoptobottom.Fallentrees—oftencalledlogs—arealsovaluablehabitats,thoughforadifferentgroupofsmaller-scalespecies.Fromaclimateperspective,lettingtreesputrefyiscritical.Largetreesinparticularactassignificantcarbonsinks,andallowingthemtodecomposenaturallyextendsthecarbonstorageprocess,reducingtheamountofcarbondioxide—and,thus,heat—intheatmosphere.Wheneverpossible,forestryexpertsprefertoleavedeadtreesuntouched.“Inforestedareas,wewouldtypicallyrecommendthatstandingtreesbeleftthatway,”saysKevinRohling,aspecialistinforestecology.Thisadvicemarksachangeoftunefrompreviousgenerationswhenuncontrolledloggingandforestclearingwerecommonpractice.Isthereanybenefittokeepingadeadtreeinyourbackyard?Theanswerisnotaone-size-fits-allguidance.Forpersonalproperties,it’salittlebitmorecomplex.Treesinfectedbydiseaseslikesuddenoakdeath,forinstance,canappearhealthydespitegrowingprogressivelydrierandstructurallyunsound.Forpeoplewholiveinwildfire-proneterritory,suchasthewildlandurbaninterface,keepingadeadtreewithinyourproperty—unlessyourpropertyisverylarge—reallyrepresentsabigrisk.32.Whyaredeadtreesafocusinforestmanagement?A.Theyareeffortlesslyremovable. B.Theymayupsetbiodiversity.C.Theyareregardedaslandmarks. D.Theyhelpmaintainforestlife.33.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Factorsleadingtoatree’sdeath. B.Theafterlifeofadeadtree.C.Habitatsforendangeredspecies. D.Theprocessofspecieschange.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“putrefy”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Breakdown. B.Rootaround. C.Growstronger. D.Keepalive.35.Howshouldpeoplehandledeadtreesaccordingtothetext?A.Preservethemwholeheartedly. B.Removethemwithoutdelay.C.Treatthembasedonconditions. D.Recyclethemtothefullest.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了死树在森林生态中的重要性，包括其对生物多样性和森林再生的支持作用，以及林业管理中对死树的保护措施。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Recentdecadeshavebroughtgreaterunderstandingofthevitalfunctiondeadtreesserveinsupportingbiodiversityandforestregeneration.(近几十年来，人们越来越认识到死树在支持生物多样性和森林再生方面的重要作用。)”可知，死树之所以成为森林管理的重点，是因为它们有助于维持森林生命。故选D。【33题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thedeathofatreeishardlytheend.Instead,arapidtransformationbegins,bringingnewdynamismintothelifelessbranches.(一棵树的死亡远不是终结。相反，一场快速的转变开始了，为无生命的树枝带来了新的活力。)”可知，第二段主要讲述的是死树死后的变化和作用，即死树死后的“来生”。故选B。【34题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Largetreesinparticularactassignificantcarbonsinks,andallowingthemtodecomposenaturallyextendsthecarbonstorageprocess,reducingtheamountofcarbondioxide—and,thus,heat—intheatmosphere.(特别是大树，它们是重要的碳汇，让它们自然分解可以延长碳储存过程，从而减少大气中的二氧化碳含量，进而降低大气温度)”可知，让大树自然分解可以延长碳储存过程，减少大气中的二氧化碳含量。由此推知，画线词意思是“分解”。故选A。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Isthereanybenefittokeepingadeadtreeinyourbackyard?Theanswerisnotaone-size-fits-allguidance.Forpersonalproperties,it’salittlebitmorecomplex.(后院里保留一棵死树有好处吗？答案不是一概而论的指导。对于私人财产来说，这要复杂一些。)”可知，对于死树的处理，不应一概而论，如果涉及到私人财产，情况可能要复杂一些，由此可推理出，本文认为对于死树的处理应该根据情况而定。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A30-yearobservationalstudyattheUniversityofSouthCarolinafoundthatswimmershadabouthalftheriskofdeathfromanycausecomparedtoparticipantswhowererunnersorwalkers.Notably,theadvantageappliesbroadly,asyoudon’thavetodobutterflyorfreestyletogetthebenefit.___36___Herearethemanyadvantagesofwaterfitness.Water’sbuoyancy(浮力)minimizestheeffectsofgravity,meaningit’sgentleonjoints.Thismakesexercisinginwateranexcellentchoiceforpeoplewiththepainonjoints.___37___Moreover,exercisinginwatercanminimizethestressonankles,potentiallyloweringtheinjuryrate.___38___OneAustralianstudycomparedwatersportswithseveralotherkindsofexercise,includingjoggingandcycling,andfoundthatonlywatersportshelpedpeoplepreventfalls.Whileyoudon’tfeelashotandsweatyinthewaterasyoudowhenyouworkoutonland,worksinwaterstillraiseyourmetabolic(新陈代谢)rate,burncaloriesandhelpwithweightloss.Besides,activitiesinwaterengagemostofthebody’smajormusclegroups,includingthoseinthelegs,upperbodyandcore.___39___Bathingyourselfinwaterjustfeelsgood,sometimesbringinguphappysummermemoriesfromchildhood.Likeallaerobicexercises,swimming,poolwalkingandotherkindsofwateraerobicsreleasethefeel-goodhormones(荷尔蒙)calledendorphinsinyourbrain.___40___Inconclusion,workingoutinwater,allorpartially,hasmultiplebenefitsforthemindandthebodyandcanbedonebyalmostanyoneofanyageatanyfitnesslevel!A.Water-basedactivitieshelpsimprovebalance.B.Itisalsoanidealoptionforthosewantingtopreventit.C.Theyperfectlycombinestretchingandstrengthtraining.D.Swimminghasthesameeffectsasotherformsofexercises.E.Theextraboostofthesechemicalshelpsfightanxiety,depressionandstress.F.Poolwalkingandwaterworkoutswithweightsarealsogreatwaystogetinshape.G.Water-relatedexercisesgetyourheartpumpingwithoutmuchstressonthebody.【答案】36.F37.B38.A39.C40.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了水上运动的诸多益处。【36题详析】由上文“Notably,theadvantageappliesbroadly,asyoudon’thavetodobutterflyorfreestyletogetthebenefit.(值得注意的是，这种好处广泛适用，因为你不必非得做蝶泳或自由泳才能获得益处)”可知，本空应强调除了蝶泳和自由泳外，还有其他方式能获得游泳带来的好处。F选项“Poolwalkingandwaterworkoutswithweightsarealsogreatwaystogetinshape.(在泳池中行走和负重水中锻炼也是塑形的好方法)”提到了泳池行走和负重水中锻炼这些其他方式，能承接上文，符合语境。故选F。【37题详析】由上文“Water’sbuoyancy(浮力)minimizestheeffectsofgravity,meaningit’sgentleonjoints.Thismakesexercisinginwateranexcellentchoiceforpeoplewiththepainonjoints.(水的浮力将重力的影响降至最低，这意味着它对关节很温和。这使得在水中锻炼成为关节疼痛患者的绝佳选择)”可知，本空应强调在水中锻炼对关节疼痛患者有好处。B选项“Itisalsoanidealoptionforthosewantingtopreventit.(对于那些想要预防关节问题的人来说，这也是一个理想的选择)”中it指代关节问题，also表示递进，说明对想预防关节问题的人也是好选择，能承接上文，符合语境。故选B。【38题详析】由下文“OneAustralianstudycomparedwatersportswithseveralotherkindsofexercise,includingjoggingandcycling,andfoundthatonlywatersportshelpedpeoplepreventfalls.(一项澳大利亚的研究将水上运动与其他几种运动，包括慢跑和骑自行车进行了比较，发现只有水上运动能帮助人们预防摔倒)”可知，该段主要讲水上运动在预防摔倒方面的作用，本空应强调水上运动对预防摔倒