天津市河东区第八中学2025-2026学年第二学期高一年级第二次大单元英语试题（含答案）

2025-2026学年第二学期高一年级第二次大单元英语试题一、单项选择从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.—Ourschoolwillholdapoetrycompetitionnextmonth.Willyouparticipateinit?—________.Itistoogoodachancetomiss.A．ItdependsB．YoubetC．SofarsogoodD．Gotit2.TheofficerinsistedthatMichaeldidnotfollowthecorrect______inapplyingforavisa.A．declarationB．exhibitionC．procedureD．treatment3.Ourplanewasdelayedandtheairportstaffarranged______accommodationforus.A．temporaryB．contemporaryC．long-termD．further4.Ifyouthinkaboutotherpeople’sfeelingsaswellasyourown,you’llsoonfindeverything_______.A．turnsoutB．runsoutC．worksoutD．bringsout5.When________theopportunitytostudyabroad,shedidn’thesitateforasecondandimmediatelyacceptedit.A．offeredB．offeringC．tobeofferedD．tooffer6.WangWeidecidedto_______HanGanwhousedasticktodrawpicturesinthedirttostudypaintingandrecommendedhimtoamaster.A．claimB．sponsorC．obtainD．confirm7.Whenhefirstmovedtothecityasayoungman,hehadnoideathatachanceencounterwithastreetartist_______thecourseofhislife.A．hadchangedB．changedC．waschangingD．wastochange8.Expertssaythisbadweatherhasoccurred_______climatechange,whichmakesmefeelnervous.A．inspiteofB．duetoC．regardlessofD．farfrom9.—Whyhaven’tyouhandinthereportontime?—Mylaptop_______attheservicecenter.A．hasrepairedB．isrepairedC．isbeingrepairedD．willberepaired10.3Dprintingisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,anew3D-printedshell_______toaturtleinjuredinaforestfiresofar.A．isgivenB．hasgivenC．wasgivenD．hasbeengiven11.Thebrokentrafficlight________bythecityworkers,causingasmalltrafficjam.A．isfixedB．isfixingC．isbeingfixedD．fix12.Thewaitertoldmethatatablebythewindow________availableafter20minutes.A．isB．willbeC．wouldbeD．hasbeen13.Theroom________bymysister,soitlooksmuchbrighternow.A．haspaintedB．paintedC．hasbeenpaintedD．waspainted14.Haveyouseentheschool’snewlibrary?________howbigandmodernitis.A．GetaloadofB．CatchabreathofC．StealamomentofD．Showasignof15.—Lisahasdecidedtogiveupherjob.—________.Herjobiswhatwe’redreamingof.A．Shecan’tbeseriousB．NowonderC．It’sgreatD．Nobother二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。RecentlyIheardastoryaboutafamousscientistwhohadmadeseveralimportantmedicaldiscoveries.Hewasbeing___16___byanewspaperreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewasabletobesomuchmore___17___thanthecommonpeople.Herespondedthatitallcamefroman___18___withhismotherwhenhewasachild.Hehadbeentryingto___19___abottleofmilkfromtheshelfwhenitfell,___20___itscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor.Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,insteadof___21___him,shesaid,“Robert,whatagreatandwonderful___22___youhavemade!Ihaveseldomseensucharealseaofmilk.Well,the___23___hasalreadybeendone.Wouldyouliketogetdownand___24___inthemilkforafewminutesbeforewecleanitup?”Indeed,he___25___.Afterafewminutes,hismothersaid,“Youknow,Robert,wheneveryoumakeatroublelikethis,___26___you’llhavetocleanitupandrestore(复原)everythingtoitsproper___27___.So,howwouldyouliketodothat?Wecoulduseasponge(海绵)oramop.Whichdoyou___28___?”Hechosethespongeandtogethertheycleanedupthemilk.Hismotherthensaid,“Let’sgooutand___29___thebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucan___30___awaytocarryitwithout___31___it.”Thelittleboylearnedthatifhe___32___thebottleatthetopneartheedgewithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwell.Whatawonderful___33___!Itwasatthatmomentthatthescientistknewhedidn’tneedtobeafraidtomake___34___.Instead,helearnedthattheywerejust___35___forlearningsomethingnew.16.A．praisedB．interviewedC．celebratedD．discussed17.A．famousB．enthusiasticC．creativeD．respectable18.A．inventionB．experimentC．ideaD．experience19.A．removeB．bringC．settleD．put20.A．coveringB．leavingC．drinkingD．flowing21.A．encouragingB．askingC．punishingD．persuading22.A．useB．achievementC．pictureD．trouble23.A．damageB．researchC．businessD．favor24.A．playB．thinkC．cryD．stand25.A．refusedB．didC．listenedD．feared26.A．graduallyB．patientlyC．finallyD．immediately27.A．valueB．formC．shelfD．order28.A．findB．cleanC．preferD．accept29.A．fillB．weighC．mixD．float30.A．leadB．discoverC．changeD．improve31.A．losingB．touchingC．breakingD．dropping32.A．replacedB．sharedC．washedD．held33.A．performanceB．methodC．lessonD．action34.A．promisesB．mistakesC．guessesD．decisions35.A．chancesB．teachersC．directionsD．instructions三、阅读理解AThePublicTransportFaresinNewYorkOnourwebsite,youcanfindouthowmuchitcoststoridethesubway,bus,LongIslandRailRoad,andMetro-NorthintheNewYorkarea.★Subwaysandbuses●Fareformostridersonsubwaysandlocal,limited,andSelectBusServicebuses:$2.85.●Expressbusescost$6.85.Moreinformationaboutsubwayandbusfares●Ridingthesubwaycosts$2.85formostriders.Peoplewithdisabilitiesorwhoare65orolderarequalifiedforareducedfare.●AnunlimitedrideMetroCardcansaveyoumoney.Itgivesyouunlimitedridesforacertainlengthoftime.●MetroCardscost$1.AllcardsexceptfortheSingleRidecardarerefillable(可充值的).●Uptothreechildrenunder44inchestallrideforfreewhentheyarewithafare-payingadult.●Youpaythefareatturnstiles(旋转闸门)beforeyouaboardthetrain.Youdon’thavetodoanythingafterwards.★Railroads:LIRR(LongIslandRailRoad)andMetro-North●Faresvarybasedonwhenandwhereyouaretravelling.●Buyingticketsonyourphoneisthemostconvenientoption.Moreinformationaboutrailroadfares●Peak(高峰的)faresarechargedduringbusinessrushhoursonanyweekdaytrainscheduledtoarriveinNewYorkCityterminalsbetween6a.m.and10a.m.ordepartNewYorkCityterminalsbetween4p.m.and8p.m.OnMetro-Northtrains,peakfaresalsoapplytotravelonanyweekdaytrainthatleavesGrandCentralStationbetween6a.m.and9a.m.●Off-peakfaresarechargedatallothertimesonweekdays,alldayonSaturdayandSunday,andonholidays.●Useourtripplannertofindfareinformation.Getschedulesanddirectionsandseewhetheratripisduringpeakoroff-peakhours.36.Howmuchmightasubwaytripcosta68-year-oldmanwithtwochildrenunder44inchestall?A．$2.35.B．$2.85.C．$5.70.D．$6.85.37.Forwhattraintriparepeakfarescharged?A．AweekdaytrainleavingGrandCentralStationat10pm.B．AweekdaytrainleavingGrandCentralStationat7am.C．AweekdaytraindepartingNewYorkCityterminalsat9pm.D．AweekdaytraindepartingNewYorkCityterminalsat8:30am.38.Whyshouldpeoplereadthetripplanner?A．Toknowspecialoffers.B．Toleaveyouradvice.C．Tocheckfareinformation.D．Tobookatrainticket.BAtmyfirstlessoninChinesecalligraphy,myteachertoldmeplainly:“NowIwillteachyouhowtowriteyourname.Andtomakeitbeautiful.”Ifeltmybreathcatch.Iwascurious.GrowingupinSingapore,IhadanunusualrelationshipwithmyChinesename.MyparentsareethnicallyChinese,sotheyaskedfortunetellerstodecidemyname,aimingformaximumluck.Asaresult,Iendedupwithanonsenseandembarrassingname:ChenYiwen,meaning,roughly,“old”,“barley(薏米)”and“warm”.WhenIarrivedinAmericaforcollegeat18,IputonanAmericanaccentandabandonedmyChinesename.WhenImovedtoHongKongin2021,after14yearsintheStates,Idecidedtolearncalligraphy.Whynotgetbackintouchwithmyheritage?Ithought.Incalligraphy,theideaistocopytheoldmasters’techniques,therebyrefiningyourown.Everyweek,though,myteacherwouldgiveuncomfortablyon-the-noseassessmentsofmyperson.“Youneedtobebraver,”heonceobserved.“Haveconfidence.Trytoproduceaboldstroke(笔画).”Foryears,Ihadpridedmyselfonpresentinganimageofconfidence,butmywritingbetrayedme.Iwastryingtomakesenseofthispractice.Youmustvisualizethewordasitistobewrittenandleaveatraceofyourselfinit.Asabodilypractice,calligraphycouldgobeyonditsownculturalrestrictions.Couldithelpmegobeyondmine?Myteacheroncesaidtome,“Whenyoulookattheword,youseethebody.Thoughawordonthepageistwo-dimensional,itcontainsmultitudes,conveyingtheforceyou’veapplied,theenergyofyourgrip,thearchofyourspine.”Ihadbeenlearningcalligraphytogetintouchwithmyculturalroots,butwhatIwasreallyseekingwasareturntomyself.NowIhavesensedthatthepleasureoutofcalligraphyallowsmetoknowmyselfmorefully.Duringarecentlesson,myteacherpointedatthewordIhadjustfinished,tellingme:“Thiswordismuchbetter.Icanseethechoicesyoumade,yourcalculations,yourflow.Trustyourself.Thiswordisyours.”Hemightaswellhavesaid,“Thiswordisyou.”39.Whatdidtheauthorinitiallythinkofhername“ChenYiwen”?A．Itwasluckysoshegladlyacceptedit.B．Shefeltproudofitssymbolicmeaning.C．Sheunderstoodtheintentionbutstilldislikedit.D．Itsstrangepronunciationmadeherembarrassed.40.Theauthordecidedtolearncalligraphyto______.A．pickupanewhobbyB．reconnectwithheroriginC．gaininsightsintoanewcultureD．fitinwithlocalcommunity41.Fromtheteacher’swords,theauthorlearnsthatcalligraphy______.A．reflectsthecreator’sspiritsB．comesfromcreativeenergyC．highlightsthedesignofstrokesD．dependsoncontinuouspractice42.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Appreciatewhatourcultureoffers.B．Findbeautyfromyourinnerself.C．Agreatteacherleadsyoutotruth.D．Wearethesumofwhatwecreate.CImaginethis.YouneedanimageofaballoonforaworkpresentationandturntoanAItext-to-imagegenerator,likeMidjourneyorDALL-E,tocreateasuitableimage.Youentertheprompt(提示词)“redballoonagainstabluesky”butthegeneratorreturnsanimageofanegginstead.What’sgoingon?Thegeneratoryou’reusingmayhavebeen“poisoned”.Whatdoesthismean?Text-to-imagegeneratorsworkbybeingtrainedonlargedatasetsthatincludemillionsorbillionsofimages.Someofthegeneratorshavebeentrainedbyindiscriminately(任意地)scrapingonlineimages,manyofwhichmaybeundercopyright.Thishasledtomanycopyrightinfringement(侵害)caseswhereartistshaveaccusedbigtechcompaniesofstealingandprofitingfromtheirwork.Thisisalsowheretheideaof“poison”comesin.Researcherswhowanttoempowerindividualartistshaverecentlycreatedatoolnamed“Nightshade”tofightbackagainstunauthorizedimagescraping.Thetoolworksbyslightlyalteringanimage’spixels(像素)inawaythatconfusesthecomputervisionsystembutleavestheimageunalteredtoahuman’seyes.IfanorganizationthenscrapesoneoftheseimagestotrainafutureAImodel,itsdatapoolbecomes“poisoned”.Thiscanresultinmistakenlearning,whichmakesthegeneratorreturnunintendedresults.Asinourearlierexample,aballoonmightbecomeanegg.Thehigherthenumberof“poisoned”imagesinthetrainingdata,thegreatertheimpact.BecauseofhowgenerativeAIworks,thedamagefrom“poisoned”imagesalsoaffectsrelatedpromptkeywords.Forexample,ifa“poisoned”imageofaPicassoworkisusedintrainingdata,promptresultsformasterpiecesfromotherartistscanalsobeaffected.Possibly,toolslikeNightshadecanbeabusedbysomeuserstointentionallyupload“poisoned”imagesinordertoconfuseAIgenerators.ButtheNightshade’sdeveloperhopesthetoolwillmakebigtechcompaniesmorerespectfulofcopyright.Itdoeschallengeacommonbeliefamongcomputerscientiststhatdatafoundonlinecanbeusedforanypurposetheyseefit.Humanrightsactivists,forexample,havebeenconcernedforsometimeabouttheindiscriminateuseofmachinevisioninwidersociety.Thisconcernisparticularlyseriousconcerningfacialrecognition.Thereisaclearconnectionbetweenfacialrecognitioncasesanddatapoisoning,asbothrelatetolargerquestionsaroundtechnologicalgovernance.Itmaybebettertoseedatapoisoningasaninnovativesolutiontothedenialofsomefundamentalhumanrights.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scraping”inparagraph2probablymean?A．facilitatingB．collectingC．damagingD．polishing44.Accordingtothepassage,whatmayaddingpoisoneddataleadto?A．increasingtheaccuracyofreturnedinformationB．causinguserstoforgetthepromptkeywordsC．affectingthetrainingofgenerativeAID．discriminatingagainstgreatmasterpieces45.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．DataPoisoning:GovernmentEmpoweringCitizenstoProtectThemselvesB．DataPoisoning:AddressingFacialRecognitionIssuesAmongArtistsC．DataPoisoning:RisksandRewardsofGenerativeAIDataTrainingD．DataPoisoning:RestrictingInnovationorEmpoweringArtistsD阅读下列短文并回答问题。（每题答案词数有要求）Sam,ayoungboyfromasmalltown,dreamedofclimbingthebigmountainhecouldseefromhisbedroomwindow.Whileeveryoneintownsaiditwastoodangerous,Samremaineddetermined.Oneclearmorning,Samputonhisboots,packedasmallbagwithwater,anapple,andhisfavoritecap.Hetoldhisdog,Buddy,“Today’sthedaywemakehistory,Buddy!”Theclimbbegansmoothly.SamandBuddyfollowedanarrowroadlinedwithwildflowers.Buttheweatherquicklychanged.Darkcloudsrolledin,andasharpwindbegantoblow.Samthoughtaboutturningbackbutheldontohisdream.“Wecandothis,”hesaid,encouragingBuddyastheypushedforward.Astheyclimbedhigher,thepathdisappeared.Samfacedatoughchoice:taketherockyrouteormovethroughthethickwoods.Hechosetherocks,thinkingitwouldbefaster.Halfwayup,heslippedandhurthisleftfoot.Thepainwassharp,butSamrefusedtogiveup.Herestedforamoment,atehisapple,andsharedpieceswithBuddy.“We’reinthistogether,”hesaidwithdetermination.Theskyclearedastheyreachedthefinalpartoftheclimb.Itwasbeautiful.Samforgothispain,drivenbythebeautyaroundhim.WithBuddy’shelp,pullingonSam’sshirt,theyfinallyreachedthetop.Thesightwasbeyondwords.Hecouldseehistown,theriver,andbeyond.“Wedidit,Buddy!”heshouted,hisvoicefullofjoy.Samrealizedtheclimbwasaboutmorethanreachingthetop.Itwasaboutbravery,makingtoughchoices,andnevergivingup,nomatterwhat.HeandBuddymadetheirwaydown,slowerthistimebutfullofstoriestotell.Whentheyreturned,Sam’sstoryofcourageinspiredthewholetown.Theylearnedthatwithdeterminationandthesupportofafriend,eventhebiggestdifficultiescouldbetackled.46.WhatdidSamtakeforhisjourney?(nomorethan10words)_________________________________________________________________47.WhatchallengesdidSamfaceduringhisclimb?(nomorethan10words)_________________________________________________________________48.WhathelpedSamfinallyreachthetopofthemountain?(nomorethan10words)_________________________________________________________________49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tackled”meaninthelastparagraph?(nomorethan2words)_________________________________________________________________50.DoyouliketotakeadventureslikeSam?Pleasegiveyourreason(s).(nomorethan20words)__________________________________________