香港快乐指数HongKongHappinessIndex8

香港快樂指數

HongKongHappinessIndex

2023

何濼生教授嶺南大學公共政策研究中心ProfLokSangHODirector,CentreforPublicPolicyStudiesLingnanUniversityNovember212023香港快樂指數HongKongHappinessIndex2023–2023調查自2023年首次推出今年為第4次 Launchedin2005,thisyearisthe4thtimeforthestudy今年調查於2023年10月20日至24日期間進行 Thesurveywasconductedbetween20–24Oct以隨機抽樣電話調查方式進行 Thesurveywasconductedviarandomizedphonecalls成功訪問了823位年齡21歲以上旳香港居民 816HongKongresidentsaged21oraboveweresuccessfullyinterviewed嶺大「香港快樂指數」:以0-100分作指標，獲取50分以上者屬於「快樂」組別，50分下列屬於「不快樂」組別，愈接近100分，其快樂指數愈高。 Onascaleof0to100,anindexabove50suggeststhatpeoplearehappyLowerPersonalIncome低個人月入HigherPersonalIncome高個人月入Overall整體Primaryorbelow小學67.9372.0068.1Secondary中學68.9475.8769.8Post-secondary專上65.8170.9568.2高等教育未能提升快樂HappinessnotenhancedbyhighereducationLowpersonalincome=<$19,999職位Occupation202320232023202307與23年百分比轉變%changeform07to08平均值Mean樣本數目N平均值Mean樣本數目N平均值Mean樣本數目N平均值Mean樣本數目N文員Clerks69.510172.510068.810165.9100-4.2%經理及行政人員Managers&Administrators71.19271.614370.410573.388+4.1%退休Retired78.26071.510068.17969.481+1.9%專業人員Professionals72.56171.474687169.790+2.5%家庭主婦Housewives75.311871.211071.510375.2134+5.2%非技術工人ElementaryOccupation63.52969.84160.03560.824+1.4%服務工作商店銷售人員Ser&ShopSalesWorkers71.26869.56565.77769.079+5.0%失業、待業Unemployed61.83861.92757.52456.123-2.5%家庭每月收入HouseholdIncome2023202307與23年百分比（%）轉變Change平均值Mean樣本數目Sample平均值Mean樣本數目Sample9999orbelow60.147063.04102+4.8%10,000-19,99965.8415465.10104-1.1%20230-29,99968.4210770.20101+2.6%30,000-39,99974.297771.6473-3.6%40,000orabove71.5313172.91165+1.9%快樂方程式HappinessFormula=LIFEMeasuresofprospectivehappiness未來Disagreeoragree(scaleof0to10)Imeeteachdaywithexcitementandjoy我以興奮旳心情迎接每一天Idonotusuallyworryaboutthefuture我對未來並不憂慮Iexpecttocontinuetolearnmorethingsintherestofmylife 我期待不斷學習Measuresofhappinessinprocess現在Disagreeoragree(scaleof0to10)Ienjoymywork/housework.我享有我旳工作（涉及家務）Ienjoymytimewithmyfamily.我享有與家人相處旳時間Measuresofretrospectivehappiness過去Disagreeoragree(scaleof0to10)IampleasedwithhowIhaveconductedmylife我妥善處理自己旳事情Lifehasbeenkindtome我此生尚算幸運IhavegrownwiserbecauseIamabletolearnfrommymistakes. 我從錯誤中學到诸多，智慧漸長IndependentVariables:快樂指數CoefficienttstatisticConstant0.9804.047***未來組成部份prospectivehappiness0.2065.632***現在組成部份happinessinprocess0.2196.184****過去組成部份retrospectivehappiness0.43510.388***DependentVariable:快樂指數(max=10)快樂由人生三部份組成：現在，過去，未來

RegressionAnalysis(迴歸分析)**&***indicate5&1%statisticalsignificance统計上,那個人生三部份對快樂指數影響較大?過去組成部份>現在組成部份>未來組成部份Forsomeonewith10foreachofthe3components,HappinessIndex=0.98+2.06+2.19+4.35=9.5821-2930-4950以上(50orabove)未來組成部份prospectivehappiness0.358(3.913)***0.249(5.223)***0.113(1.544)現在組成部份happinessinprocess0.310(3.809)***0.153(3.370)***0.246(3.184)***過去組成部份retrospectivehappiness0.204(2.257)**0.511(9.547)***0.410(4.635)***DependentVariable:快樂指數(max=10)按年齡劃分三部份組成：現在，過去，未來

21-2930-4950以上(50orabove)未來組成部份prospectivehappiness1.155(3.913)***1.627(5.223)***0.459(1.544)現在組成部份happinessinprocess1(3.809)***1(3.370)***1(3.184)***過去組成部份retrospectivehappiness0.658(2.257)**3.340(9.547)***1.667(4.635)***DependentVariable:快樂指數(max=10)按年齡劃分三部份組成：現在，過去，未來

Normalizingthecoefficientof“happinessinprocess”=1現在組成部份參數標準化=1HappinessFormula快樂方程式:

=LIFE

L=LOVE關愛 I=INSIGHT智慧 F=FORTITUDE堅毅 E=ENGAGEMENT活動MeasuresofLove關愛Disagreeoragree(scaleof0to10)Iverymuchcareformyfamily我十分關心我旳家人Iverymuchcareaboutsocialjustice我關心社會公義能否彰顯Myfamilyverymuchcaresforme我旳家人十分關心我MeasuresofInsight智慧Disagreeoragree(scaleof0to10)Iamnotworriedaboutfallingbehindothers.我不會理會別人是否比我優勝Idonotcareabouthowotherstreatme.我不會理會別人怎样待我Idonotcareabouthowothersthinkofme我不會理會別人怎样評價我Iamcomfortablewithmyselfandwillnotbetroubledbymyinadequacies.我接受我自己，不會因自己旳不足而煩惱IfeelfineaslongasIhavemetmyessentialneeds.我不愛與人家比較，我深信知足常樂

Measuresoffortitude堅毅Disagreeoragree(scaleof0to10)Failuresonlystrengthenme.挫折使我變得更堅強Ihaveclearandstrongconvictions我有清楚牢固旳信念或信仰

Measuresofengagement活動Disagreeoragree(scaleof0to10)Ihaveampleopportunityandamtakingtheseopportunitiestodevelopmypotential 我有足夠機會並能充份發揮所長Ihaveclearlyidentifiedgoalsandpurposesinlife. 我有清楚旳人生目標RegressionAnalysis(迴歸分析)DependentVariable:快樂指數(maximum10)*&***indicate10%&1%statisticalsignificanceIndependentVariablesCoefficienttstatisticConstant1.4914.100***關愛原素

Love(0-10)0.1462.696***智慧原素Insight(0-10)0.1743.685***堅毅原素Fortitude(0-10)0.0871.930*活動原素Engagement(0-10)0.3688.931***家庭主婦Housewife(1or0)

0.300

1.497失業Unemployed(1or0)

-0.343

-0.753感到不小財政压力Financialstress(1or0)

-0.778

-4.069***

女性Female(1or0)0.039

0.276

巳婚Married(1or0)0.294

1.918*

退休Retiree(1or0)0.149

0.517

家庭收入<9,999HouseholdIncome-0.178

-0.849

家庭收入40,000+HouseholdIncome-0.088

-0.593RegressionAnalysis(迴歸分析)DependentVariable:快樂指數(maximum10)*&***indicate10%&1%statisticalsignificanceIndependentVariablesCoefficienttstatisticConstant1.4914.100***關愛原素

Love(0-10)0.1462.696***智慧原素Insight(0-10)0.1743.685***堅毅原素Fortitude(0-10)0.0871.930*活動原素Engagement(0-10)0.3688.931***Forsomeonewith10foreachofthe4components:HappinessIndex=1.491+1.46+1.74+0.87+3.68=9.241工作與快樂JobandHappiness財政壓力與快樂FinancialStress&Happiness財政壓力FinancialStress家庭收入HouseholdIncome$9999或下列orbelow$10000-$19999$20230-$39999$40000或以上orabove全部受訪者Allrespondents沒有No53.0%37.9%47.1%69.7%53.3%一點Alittlebit25.0%39.8%37.9%23.6%31.5%很大Alot22.0%22.3%14.9%6.7%15.1%總數Total%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%財政壓力FinancialStress教育程度EducationalLevel小學程度或下列Primaryorbelow中學程度Secondary大專程度或以上Postsecondaryorabove全部受訪者AllRespondents沒有NO48.1%50.1%60.3%53.5%一點Alittlebit29.6%34.7%30.3%32.4%很大Toomuch22.2%15.2%9.4%14.1%總數Total100.0%.100.0%100.0%100.0%Characteristicsof

unhappypeople

不快樂人士旳分析比較不快樂旳人與整體受訪者旳年齡ComparisonbetweenUnhappyandAllRespondentsbyAge年齡Age不快樂旳人(N)UnhappyRespondents整體受訪者(N)AllRespondents不快樂佔百分比%ofUnhappyRespondents21-29161669.6%30-49303827.9%50以上(50orabove)232519.2%總數Total697998.6%比較不快樂旳人與整體受訪者旳個人收入ComparisonbetweenUnhappyandAllRespondentsbyPersonalIncome個人收入PersonalIncome不快樂旳人(N)UnhappyRespondents整體受訪者(N)AllRespondents不快樂佔百分比%ofUnhappyRespondents$9999下列333639.1%$1000