大学基础英语教程 8

Unit7ChineseVirtuesinActionLanguagePointsWordsandPhrasesTograspthewordsandphrasesrelevanttoChinesecultureandvirtues.WordBuildingTograspthewordformationwiththesuffix“-en”.GrammarTograspthebasicknowledgeofmodalmeaningSkillsReadingSkillTodistinguishbetweenfactsandopinions.WritingSkillTowritecorrectsentencesbyavoidingcommonerrors.LiteracyTorecognizethecontemporaryvalueoftraditionalvirtuessuchashonestyandconsciouslyembracethemasfundamentalprinciplesindailylife.Tounderstandhowfinetraditionalculturecanintegratewithmodernsocietyandestablishacorrectperspectiveonitsinheritance.ToenhanceculturalconfidenceandsenseofnationalidentityandappreciatetherichnessanddepthofChineseculture.PartOneWarm-up(1)ConfucianismwasfirstdevelopedinthesixthcenturyinChina,basedonConfucius’teachings.(2)ThefiveJunzivirtuesinConfucianismarematchedwiththefiveChineseelements:earth,wood,fire,metal,andair.(3)Reninvolvesshowinglovingconcernforothersandhelpingthembegood.(4)ConfuciusemphasizedthatpeopleshouldprioritizepersonalbenefitsoverYi(rightness)insituationswithpotentialgains.(5)Lireferstofollowingformalrulesofproperbehaviortomaintainsocialharmony.(6)Zhi(moralwisdom)enablespeopletomakerightchoicesbutdoesnotinvolveanalyzingcomplexsituations.(7)Xin(trustworthiness)meanstheagreementbetweenone’swordsandactions,similarto“walkingthetalk.”(8)MenciusstatedthatYiistheheartandRenisthepath,describingtherelationshipbetweenthetwovirtues.1.ListentothepassageaboutConfucianismanditsfiveJunzivirtues.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrue(T)orfalse(F).(

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)TFTFTFTFPartOneWarm-upScript:Junzivirtues:aConfucianfoundationforharmonywithinorganizationsThephilosophyofConfucianismwasfirstdevelopedinthesixthcenturyinChina,basedontheteachingsofConfucius,emphasizingtheimportanceofkindness,respect,honesty,education,andclosefamilybonds.InConfucianism,thefiveJunzivirtues,thatis,“Ren”,“Yi”,“Li”,“Zhi”,and“Xin”arethoughttosupportharmonyinsociety,andmatchthefiveChineseelements,whichareearth,wood,fire,metal,andwater.“Ren”referstokindness,humanity,consideration,sympathy,andcompassion.Peoplewith“Ren”showlovingconcernforthewell-beingofhumans.Beingcommittedto“Ren”meanstryingtoputkindbehaviorandmoralfeelingsinallone’ssocialinteractionsandrelationshipswithothers.Besidesbeinggoodtoothers,peoplewith“Ren”alsotrytohelpothersbegood.“Yi”referstorightness,whichmeanstakingactionsthatareseenasrightbynature.Italsoreferstopeople’sinnerdesiretodothingsthataremorallyrightandtheirabilitytodosoinaproperway.Peoplewith“Yi”careaboutdoingtherightthingsuitableforaparticularsituation.Confuciusemphasizedtheimportanceoffollowingtherightbehaviorof“Yi”bysayingmanytimesthatwhenamanisinasituationwherehecangetpersonalbenefits,heshouldthinkofrightnessinstead.PartOneWarm-up“Li”isdescribedasfollowingtherulesofceremony.“Li”,accordingtotheEncyclopediaBritannica,wasoriginallyseenasthecourtceremonyorasetofrulesthatwerefollowedtokeeptheharmonyinthecommunity.“Li”is“basicallyasetofformalrulesofproperbehavior.”Thevirtueoffollowing“Li”meansstickingtopropersocialmanners,norms,andrules,andwecaninferthatthismeansnotdoingactionsthatmightcausesocialproblemsandinsteadtryingtobuildharmoniousrelationships.“Zhi”referstomoralwisdom,thatis,theabilitytogetknowledgeand,withthisknowledge,toanalyze,judge,create,andthinksensibly.Ithasbeensaidthatonlypeoplewith“Zhi”canusemoralitytohelpothers.ConfuciussaidoftheJunzi,“Thewisearefreefromconfusion”.Peoplewith“Zhi”canmaketherightchoicesamongdifferentoptions.Wisdommeanshavingtheabilitytoevaluatecomplexanduncertainsituations,analyzeandjudgethechangingsituations,andcomeupwithappropriateandeffectiveresponses.PartOneWarm-up“Xin”meansbeingtrustworthy.TheChinesewordXinismadeupof“Ren”,thatis,humanbeing,andYan,thatis,“speech”,andsoitreferstotheagreementbetweenwhatonesaysandwhatonedoes.TheWesternexpressionis“walkingthetalk.”Themostbasicmeaningof“Xin”is“keepingone’sword.”“Xin”iscloselyrelatedto“Zhong”,thatis,loyalty,and“Cheng”,thatis,sincerity.Theconceptof“Xin”includestherelatedvaluesofhonesty,sincerity,integrity,trustworthiness,andfaithfulness.Regardingtherelationshipbetween“Ren”and“Yi”,Menciusoncesaid,“RenistheheartandYiisthepath”,whichmeansthat“Yi”istherightactiondevelopedfromakindheart.Therelationshipbetween“Ren”and“Li”isthat“Ren”isthebasefordeveloping“Li,”andthatfollowing“Li”isaproperwaytoshow“Ren”.“Zhi”isrelatedto“Yi”becausepeopleneedintelligenceiftheywanttomakeawisejudgmentaboutrightorwrong.“Zhi”isalsoneededtomakesurethatpeoplehaveacommonunderstandingof“YiandLi”.PartOneWarm-up(1)ThephilosophyofConfucianismemphasizestheimportanceofkindness,respect,honesty,education,and________________.(2)ThefiveJunzivirtuesinConfucianismmatchthefiveChineseelements:earth,wood,fire,metal,and______________.(3)Yireferstopeople’sinnerdesiretodothingsthataremorallyrightandtheirabilitytodosoina______________.(4)Liisbasicallyasetofformalrulesof______________.(5)Menciusoncesaid,“______________istheheartand______________isthepath”todescribetherelationshipbetweentwoJunzivirtues.2.Listentothepassageagainandfillintheblankswiththecorrectinformationfromthematerial.closefamilybondswaterproperwayproperbehaviorRenYiPartOneWarm-up(1)ThephilosophyofConfucianismwasfirstdevelopedinthesixthcenturyinChina,basedontheteachingsofConfucius,emphasizingtheimportanceofkindness,respect,honesty,education,andclosefamilybonds.

A.Ignoring

B.Stressingorgivingspecialimportanceto

C.Doubting

D.Hiding(2)Renreferstokindness,humanity,consideration,sympathy,andcompassion.

A.Cruelty

B.Indifference

C.Sympatheticconcernforthesufferingsofothers

D.Selfishness3.Choosethebestmeaningforeachunderlinedword.PartOneWarm-up(3)ThevirtueoffollowingLimeansstickingtopropersocialmanners,norms,andrules,andwecaninferthatthismeansnotdoingactionsthatmightcausesocialproblems...

A.Prove

B.Concludeordeducefromevidenceandreasoning

C.Deny

D.Forget(4)Wisdommeanshavingtheabilitytoevaluatecomplexanduncertainsituations,analyzeandjudgethechangingsituations...

A.Ignore

B.Avoid

C.Assessorjudgethevalueorqualityof

D.Create3.Choosethebestmeaningforeachunderlinedword.PartOneWarm-up(5)TheconceptofXinincludestherelatedvaluesofhonesty,sincerity,integrity,trustworthiness,andfaithfulness.

A.Dishonesty

B.Thequalityofbeinghonestandhavingstrongmoralprinciples

C.Weakness

D.Greed3.Choosethebestmeaningforeachunderlinedword.PartTwoIntensiveReadingTextAACultureThatValuesandRewardsHonesty❶HonestyhasalwaysbeenatraditionalvirtueinChina.Despitethepassageoftime,honestyhasbeenpasseddownasamainstreamvalueandembodiedincountlesstalesthroughoutChina’shistory.AfamousChineseidiom,yinuoqianjin(“apromiseisworthathousandouncesofgold”),tellssuchastory.❷IntheearlyWesternHanDynasty(206BC–AD25),ageneralnamedJiBuwasknownforbeingcourageousandhonest.LegendhasitthatwheneverJimadeapromise,hewouldsparenoeffort

tofulfillit.Suchavirtueofhonestyearnedhimagoodreputation,andtherewasasayingwidelyspread:ItisbettertohaveapromisefromJiButhantogethundredsofouncesofgold.Thesayingwasdistilledtotheidiom.LatergenerationsusethisidiomtodescribeapersonashonestasJi.崇尚并褒奖诚信的文化诚信历来是中华民族的传统美德。尽管时间流逝，诚信作为一种主流价值观却被传承下来，并在中华历史长河的无数故事中熠熠生辉。中国有个著名的成语“一诺千金”，就讲述了这样一个故事。西汉初年（公元前206年—公元24年），有一位名叫季布的将军，以勇敢和诚信著称。相传季布凡有承诺，必不遗余力兑现。这种诚信的美德为他赢得了良好的声誉，当时流传着这样一句话：“得黄金百斤，不如得季布一诺。”这句话后来就凝练成了“一诺千金”这个成语。后人用这个成语来形容像季布一样诚实守信的人。PartTwoIntensiveReadingPartTwoIntensiveReading❸Honestyispriceless.Honestyalsoinnovates.DuringtheQingDynasty(1616–1911),LiDaquan,asuccessfulmerchantinShanxiProvinceinnorthernChina,wasvisitedbyafriendwhocameupwithanovelidea.InancientChina,thecurrencyconsistedmainlyofpreciousmetals,suchasgold,silverandcopper,socarryingalargequantityofcashwasnotonlyaheavyburdenbutcouldalsoputtheownerindangerasrobberiesquiteoftenhappenedalongtheway.Hisfriendproposedthatadraftbeissuedtoreplacetherealcash.Thisdraftwasnomerepromisetopay—itwasadeclarationthatanamountofcoincorrespondingtothespecifiedamountandtypeofcurrencyonthenotehadbeendepositedandcouldberedeemedelsewhere.Lireadilyagreedandkepthisword.Thestorysoongotaround,andLi’shonestybroughthimafloodofcustomersandathrivingbusiness.LilatersetupChina’sfirstdraftbank,Rishengchang,whichisdeemedthepredecessoroftheChinesebankingindustry.Hisbankingbusinesseventuallyexpandedinto35branchesacrossthecountry.Rishengchanghasbeenpreservedandturnedintoamuseumnow—notonlyasamonumenttoChinesebankingbutalsototheentrepreneurialspiritofShanximerchants.诚信无价，诚信亦能创新。清朝时期（1616—1911年），中国北方山西省有一位成功的商人李大全，他的一位朋友来访并提出了一个新颖的想法。在古代中国，货币主要由贵金属构成，例如金、银和铜，因此携带大量现金不仅是个沉重的负担，而且还可能使携带者身处险境，因为途中抢劫事件时有发生。他的朋友提议发行一种票据来代替实物货币。这种汇票绝非单纯的付款承诺——它是一份声明，表明与票据上指定数额及币种相对应的等值铸币已经完成存储，且可在其他地方兑换。李大全欣然同意并信守诺言。此事很快传开，李大全的诚信为他赢得了大量的顾客和兴隆的生意。李大全后来创立了中国第一家票号“日升昌”，这被视为中国银行业的前身。他的票号业务最终扩展到全国35家分号。如今，日升昌已被保留下来并改建为博物馆——不仅作为中国银行业的丰碑，也是晋商创业精神的见证。PartTwoIntensiveReadingPartTwoIntensiveReading❹Intoday’sChina,theethosofhonestyisstillwell-respected.Chinaselectsnationalethicalrolemodelseveryyear.Itmanifestsinagovernmentawardforpeopleknownfortheirhonestyandtrustworthiness.Theirstoriesarebroadcastacrossthecountrytosetgoodexamplesandpromotethevirtueofhonesty.（412words）在当今中国，诚信之风依然备受推崇。中国每年都会评选全国道德模范，其中就设有专门表彰诚实守信者的政府奖项。他们的故事在全国传播，以树立良好榜样，弘扬诚信美德。PartTwoIntensiveReadingPartTwoIntensiveReadingVocabularyvirtue/ˈvɜːtʃuː/n.美德；德行；优点；长处mainstream/ˈmeɪnstriːm/adj.主流的；大众的embody/ɪmˈbɒdi/v.体现；包含；代表；使具体化fulfill/fʊlˈfɪl/v.实现；履行；满足；完成（任务等）reputation/ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/n.名声；声誉；名望distill/dɪˈstɪl/v.提炼，提取（精华）；浓缩；逐渐形成（想法、计划等）novel/ˈnɒvl/adj.新颖的；新奇的draft/drɑːft/n.汇票；草案；草稿issue/ˈɪʃuː/v.发行；发出；发布；发表specified/ˈspesɪfaɪd/adj.特定的；指定的；明确规定的（由动词specify的过去分词转为而来）WordstoKnowPartTwoIntensiveReadingVocabularycurrency/ˈkʌrənsi/n.货币；通货；流通；流行deposit/dɪˈpɒzɪt/v.存储；存放；沉积redeem/rɪˈdiːm/v.赎回；挽回；补救；救赎thriving/ˈθraɪvɪŋ/adj.繁荣的；兴旺的；蓬勃发展的deem/diːm/v.认为；视为；相信predecessor/ˈpriːdisesə(r)/n.前辈；前身；原有事物eventually/ɪˈventʃuəli/adv.最后；终于；终究preserve/prɪˈzɜːv/v.保护；维护；保存entrepreneurial/ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːriəl/adj.企业家的；具有创业精神的ethos/ˈiːθɒs/n.（某一团体或文化的）精神特质；价值观；信条ethical/ˈeθɪkl/adj.道德的；伦理的；合乎道德的；合乎伦理的manifest/ˈmænɪfest/v.表明；显示；显现trustworthiness/ˈtrʌstwɜːðinəs/n.可靠性；可信赖；值得信任WordstoKnowPartTwoIntensiveReadingVocabularypassdown传承；传递；把……传下去legendhasitthat传说……；据说……sparenoeffort不遗余力；全力以赴comeupwith想出；提出（计划，想法等）；拿出（钱、资源等）consistof由……组成；由……构成keepone’sword遵守诺言；守信用getaround（消息等）传开；规避（规则等）afloodof一大批；大量的setup建立；创立；设立；安排；搭建setgoodexamples树立好榜样PhrasestoKnowPartTwoIntensiveReadingNotes1.Despitethepassageoftime,honestyhasbeenpasseddownasamainstreamvalueandembodiedincountlesstalesthroughoutChina'shistory.(Para.1)译文尽管时间流逝，诚信作为一种主流价值观却被传承下来，并在中华历史长河的无数故事中熠熠生辉。讲解句子开头用介词（despite）+名词短语（thepassageoftime）表示“尽管时间流逝”，与后面主干结构是转折关系。“honesty”是后面主干结构中的主语，“passeddown”和“embodied”分别描述了诚信作为主流价值观的“传承方式”和“具体表现形式”；asamainstreamvalue作主语honesty的补足语，补充说明传承的身份（“作为一种主流价值观”），“incountlesstales”和“throughoutChina'shistory”则分别具体说明了体现的载体（“在无数的故事中”）和发生的时间跨度（“在中华历史长河中“或“在中国历史上”）。PartTwoIntensiveReadingNotes2.InancientChina,thecurrencyconsistedmainlyofpreciousmetals,suchasgold,silverandcopper,socarryingalargequantityofcashwasnotonlyaheavyburdenbutcouldalsoputtheownerindangerasrobberiesquiteoftenhappenedalongtheway.(Para.3)译文在古代中国，货币主要由贵金属构成，例如金、银和铜，因此携带大量现金不仅是个沉重的负担，而且还可能使携带者身处险境，因为途中抢劫事件时有发生。讲解本句为复合句，包含一个主句“InancientChina,thecurrency…suchasgold,silverandcopper”和一个由so引导的结果状语从句“so…alongtheway”，而结果状语从句内部又包含一个由as引导的原因状语从句“asrobberies…alongtheway”。主句中的谓语动词consist后面常接介词of，意为“由……构成”。结果状语从句中主语由动名词短语“carryingalargequantityofcash”（携带大量现金）充当，谓语是由“notonly…butalso”（不仅……而且……）引导的并列结构，连接两个后果：“wasaheavyburden”（是个沉重的负担）和“couldputtheownerindanger”（可能使携带者身处险境），as引导的从句，解释“puttheownerindanger”的原因。PartTwoIntensiveReadingNotes3.Thisdraftwasnomerepromisetopay—itwasadeclarationthatanamountofcoincorrespondingtothespecifiedamountandtypeofcurrencyonthenotehadbeendepositedandcouldberedeemedelsewhere.(Para.3)译文这种汇票绝非单纯的付款承诺——它是一份声明，表明与票据上指定数额及币种相对应的等值铸币已经完成存储，且可在其他地方兑换。讲解“draft”在本句中是指“（银行）汇票”，“nomere”意为“绝非单纯的”。破折后的“it”指的前文的“draft”，“that…redeemedelsewhere”从句作“declaration”（声明）的同位语，具体阐释汇票的实质功能。从句中的“correspondingto”为固定搭配，意思为“与……相对应的”，它与后面的“thespecifiedamountandtypeofcurrencyonthenote”（票据上指定数额及币种）一起作后置定语修饰前面从句中的主语“anamountofcoin”，从句的谓语为两个并列的被动式“hadbeendepositedandcouldberedeemedelsewhere，其中“deposited”意为“存储”，“redeemed”意为“兑换”。PartTwoIntensiveReadingLanguagePointWordBuildingPartTwoIntensiveReadingLanguagePointWordBuildingExercisesFillintheblankswiththewordsgiveninbrackets.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)Therecessionhas____________(weak)somanyfirmsthatmanycannolongersurvive.(2)Travelcan____________(deep)yourunderstandingofdifferentcultures.(3)Thecitycouncilvotedto____________(wide)themainroadtoreducefrequenttrafficjams.(4)Mygrandmotherknittedathick____________(wool)sweatertokeepmewarminwinterdays.(5)Businesseshavea____________(gold)opportunitytoexpandintonewmarkets.(6)Whenyou____________(tight)guitarstrings,thenotegetshigher.(7)Hersinceresmileandencouragingwordstruly____________(bright)mydifficultdayyesterday.(8)Regulardebatepracticereallyhelps____________(sharp)yourcriticalthinkingandspeakingskills.weakeneddeepenwidenwoolengoldentightenbrightenedsharpenPartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextATextSummaryChoosethebestwordforeachblankfromthelistgiveninthebox.A.ethicalB.embodiedC.annuallyD.promisesE.awardingF.immenseG.redeemH.novelI.foundJ.transportingK.preservedL.thrivedM.predecessorN.draftsO.eventually

Chinahasbeencherishinghonestyasacorevirtuethroughoutitshistory.IntheearlyWesternHanDynasty,generalJiBu(1)___________thisideal:his(2)___________weresaidtobeworthmorethangold,givingrisetotheidiom"yinuoqianjin".Centurieslater,merchantLiDaquaninnovatedcommercethroughhonesty:facedwiththedangersof(3)___________metalcurrency,heinventedasecuredraftsystembackedbydepositedcoins.embodiedpromisestransportingPartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextATextSummaryChoosethebestwordforeachblankfromthelistgiveninthebox.A.ethicalB.embodiedC.annuallyD.promisesE.awardingF.immenseG.redeemH.novelI.foundJ.transportingK.preservedL.thrivedM.predecessorN.draftsO.eventuallyHiscommitmenttohonoringthesedraftsearned(4)___________trust,enablinghimto(5)___________RishengchangasChina'sfirstdraftbank,which(6)___________nationallyduetohisintegrityandbecameabanking(7)___________.Today,Chinacontinuestopromotethisethos,(8)___________selecting"national(9)___________rolemodels",officially(10)___________thoseknownfortheirhonestyandtrustworthiness,publicizingtheirstoriesnationwidetosetgoodexamples.immensefoundthrivedpredecessorannuallyethicalawardingPartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextAReadingComprehension1.Readthepassagecarefullyanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T),false(F),ornotgiven(NG).(1)Honesty,asamainstreamvalueinChina,hasbeenpreservedonlythroughwrittenrecordsratherthanoraltales.(2)Theidiom“yinuoqianjin”originatedfromastoryaboutamerchantduringtheQingDynasty.(3)JiBu’scouragewastheprimaryreasonforhiswidespreadfame,hishonestyplayingaminorrole.(4)ThemainproblemwithcarryingpreciousmetalcurrencyinancientChinawasitsweightandtheriskofrobbery.(5)LiDaquaninitiallyhesitatedtoaccepthisfriend'sproposalofusingdraftsinsteadofrealcash.(6)LiDaquan’sdraftbank,Rishengchang,isconsideredthepredecessoroftheChinesebankingindustry.(7)TheRishengchangmuseumexistsonlytocommemoratethehistoryofChinesebanking.(8)ModernChinarecognizeshonestythroughagovernmentawardgiventonationalethicalrolemodels.(

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)FFFTFTFTPartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextAReadingComprehension2.Readthepassageagainandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.(1)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ThehistoryofChinesebanking.

B.ThedangersoftransportingmoneyinancientChina.

C.TheenduringvalueandrewardsofhonestyinChineseculture.

D.TheevolutionofcurrencyfrommetaltopaperinChina.(2)AccordingtoParagraph2,whywasJiBuhighlyregardedduringtheWesternHanDynasty?

A.Hewaswiseinfinancialmatters.

B.Healwayskepthispromise.

C.Hewonmanybattlesagainstenemies.

D.Heinventedanewformofcurrency.PartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextAReadingComprehension2.Readthepassageagainandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.(3)WhatproblemdidLiDaquan’sfriendhopetosolvebyproposingtheuseofdrafts?

A.TheshortageofgoldandsilverinShanxi.

B.Theheavyweightanddangerofcarryinglargeamountsofmetalcurrency.

C.ThelackoftrustworthybanksintheQingDynasty.

D.Thedifficultyofcountingcoppercoinsaccurately.(4)WhatisRishengchangknownas?

A.China’sfirstmuseumofancientcoins.

B.ThelargestbankintheQingDynasty.

C.ThepredecessoroftheChinesebankingindustry.

D.AmonumenttoShanxi’sagriculturalhistory.PartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextAReadingComprehension2.Readthepassageagainandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.(5)HowdoesmodernChinacontinuetopromotethevirtueofhonesty?

A.Byteachingtheidiom“yinuoqianjin”ineveryschool.

B.Byrequiringallbusinessestousedraftsinsteadofcash.

C.Byawardingandpublicizingthestoriesofnationalethicalrolemodels.

D.Byenforcingstrictlawsagainstrobbery.PartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextAWordsandPhrases1.Completethesentenceswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)___________hasitthatthelakewasformedbythetearsofagod.(2)Toopenasavingsaccount,youmust___________atleast$100asaninitialamount.(3)Itisvitalto___________endangeredlanguagesbeforetheydisappearforever.(4)Businessesmustfollow___________practicestogainlong-termtrustfromcustomers.(5)Afteryearsofhardwork,she___________achievedhergoalofbecomingasurgeon.embodymainstreamcurrencyethicalnoveleventuallyvirtuedepositpreservelegendLegenddepositpreserveethicaleventuallyPartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextAWordsandPhrases1.Completethesentenceswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(6)Thescientistproposeda___________methodtoreduceplasticwasteinoceans.(7)Honestyisa___________thateveryoneshouldstrivetocultivateintheirdailylives.(8)___________medianowfacestoughcompetitionfromindependentonlinecreators.(9)Chinahasworkedtoboosttheyuan’sstatusasaninternational___________inrecentyears.(10)Traditionalfestivalsoften___________anation’shistory,culture,andcollectivememoriesvividly.embodymainstreamcurrencyethicalnoveleventuallyvirtuedepositpreservelegendnovelvirtueMainstreamcurrencyembodyPartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextAWordsandPhrases2.Choosethebestphrasetocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.(1)Thevillagersaredeterminedto___________theirtraditionalweavingtechniquestothenextgeneration.

A.passdown

B.keepon

C.passby

D.keepup(2)Ifyoupromisetohelp,please___________;yourteammatesarecountingonyou.

A.eatyourword

B.keepyourword

C.breakyourword

D.getyourword(3)Newsoftheschoolcharitydrivemanagedto___________quickly,thankstosocialmedia.

A.turnaround

B.lookaround

C.getaround

D.handaroundPartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextAWordsandPhrases2.Choosethebestphrasetocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.(4)Thecommitteewill___________teachers,parents,andstudentstoensurebalancedviews.

A.leadto

B.composeof

C.consistin

D.consistof(5)Theyplanto___________acommunitylibrarytoencouragereadingamonglocalresidents.

A.setdown

B.setup

C.setout

D.setinPartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextAEnglishtoChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontothetipsinbrackets.(1)LegendhasitthatwheneverJiBumadeapromise,hewouldsparenoefforttofulfillit.（legendhasitthat…传说；sparenoeffort不遗余力）(2)Wordgotaroundabouttheirengagementbeforetheycouldannounceitthemselves.（getaround传开）(3)Despitefinancialdifficulties,thesmallteamcameupwithacreativesolutiontoexpandtheirbusinessandattractmorecustomerseffectively.（despite尽管；comeupwith提出；想出）相传季布凡有承诺，必不遗余力兑现。他们订婚的消息自己还没有宣布就已经传开来了（不胫而走）。尽管资金紧张，这个小团队还是想出妙招，成功拓展业务并吸引了更多客户。PartTwoIntensiveReadingExercisesforTextAEnglishtoChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontothetipsinbrackets.(4)Notonlyshouldwepreservenature,butwemustalsoturnwasteintovaluableresourcesforfuturegenerations.（notonly…butalso…不但……而且……；turninto变成；使变成）(5)Parentsshouldsetgoodexamplesfortheirchildrenthroughconsistentkindnessandresponsibledailyactions.（setgoodexamples树立好榜样）我们不仅要保护自然，更要为了后代，将废物转化为宝贵资源。父母当以恒善为本，行必有责，为子女垂范。（父母应该通过始终如一的善良和负责任的日常行为，为孩子们树立良好的榜样。）PartThreeExtensiveReadingReadingSkillFocus区分事实（Fact）与观点（Opinion）在信息爆炸时代，辨别事实与观点是批判性思维的核心技能。事实是客观可验证的描述性陈述，不包含主观评价；事实可以用“是”（is）或“曾经是”（was）来表述，如：TheEarthisround.（地球是圆的。）；观点是基于个人信念、情感或价值观的主观判断，无法通过客观验证，常含评价性语言，使用“应该”（should）“最好”（best）等评价，如Forme,thebestkindoftravelisaboutexperiencingtheculturesandstories.（对我来说，最好的旅行是关于体验文化和故事。）掌握这一技能可助人穿透语言迷雾，精准捕捉文本真实性与倾向性。识别两者有三大技巧：1.从连接词看，事实类连接词引导的常为事实，如在infact,actually,asamatteroffact等词或短语之后，通常引出的是事实；观点类连接词引导的多为观点，如Ithink,forme,inmyview,personally等词或短语后面的内容往往是观点。PartThreeExtensiveReadingReadingSkillFocus2.从句子结构及用词看，客观陈述、无主观评价的多为事实，句子中多使用具有明确指代、具体意义的词或词组，如“Thetraindepartsat8o'clockeverymorning.（火车每天早上8点出发）”；带有主观判断、评价性词汇的句子常为观点，这类常见的词汇有best,should,must,seem,probably等，如“ThismovieisthemostinterestingoneI'veeverseen.（这部电影是我看过的最有趣的一部）”。3.从标点符号看，引号引用客观数据等是事实，如：“Thereportsaid,'Theunemploymentratehasdroppedby2%thismonth.'（报告称：“本月失业率下降了2%”）”，这里引号内的内容如果来源可靠，就是事实；引用他人看法等主观性内容则是观点，例如：“Astheexpertputit,'Thistechnologyhasgreatpotentialinthefuture,butalsofacesmanychallenges.'（正如专家所说：“这项技术未来有巨大潜力，但也面临许多挑战”）”，这就是观点。下面以段落为例：PartThreeExtensiveReadingReadingSkillFocus“Electricvehicles(EVs)arethefutureoftransportation（观点）.A2023IEAreportstates（事实标志）EVsaccountedfor18%ofglobalcarsales.However,theirbatteriesrequiremininglithium,whichdestroysecosystems（隐性观点）.Criticsargue（观点标志）governmentsshouldprioritize（观点动词）publictransitoverprivateEVs.”常见误区需注意：中文里“众所周知”等易将观点误作事实；伪事实看似客观却缺乏可靠来源（如“调查显示”未注明调查机构）；观点有个人与群体之分，群体观点需查验是否存在共识；社论等文本中事实（数据）与观点（评论）常交织出现。PartThreeExtensiveReadingCelebratingConfuciusinQuzhou:AJourneyintoTradition❶Recently,IhadtheprivilegeofattendingtheanniversarycelebrationofConfucius’birthinQuzhou,locatedinChina’ssouthernprovinceofZhejiang.Thiseventwasaneye-openingexperienceintotheheartofChinesetraditionandtheenduringlegacyofConfucianism.❷Thecity,hometothedescendantsofConfucius,playsauniqueroleinkeepingthephilosopher’steachingsalive,makingittheperfectsettingforsuchacommemoration.AsIenteredthebeautifullypreservedancestraltemplesandheritagesitesdedicatedtoConfucius,Iwasstruckbythereverencewithwhichthisancientfigureisstillcelebratedtoday.TextB衢州祭孔：一场探寻传统之旅最近，我有幸参加了在中国南方浙江省衢州市举行的孔子诞辰周年庆典。这场活动让我得以深入体验中国传统与儒家思想经久不衰的遗产，令我大开眼界。这座城市是孔子后裔的聚居地，在传承这位哲人的思想方面扮演着独特角色，使其成为此类纪念活动的绝佳场所。当我步入那些精心保存、供奉孔子的宗庙和古迹时，这位古代圣贤至今仍备受尊崇的景象给我留下了深刻印象。PartThreeExtensiveReadingPartThreeExtensiveReading❸Theatmospherewasfilledwithatangiblesenseofrespectandceremony.Participants,manyofthemlocalscholarsanddescendantsofConfucius,weredressedintraditionalChineserobes,contributingtothesenseofcontinuitybetweenpastandpresent.Aseriesofritualperformancesandprayerswereoffered,connectingmodernsocietywiththeidealsConfuciuschampionedovertwomillenniaago.❹ThisexperienceprovidedmewithinvaluableinsightsintoConfucianism;exploringthemuseumsandtalkingtolocals,itprovidedmeagreatinsightintothisphilosophythatemphasizesmoralintegrity,socialharmonyandrespectforone’seldersandances