机构研究报告-Health care system in Australia-外文版培训课件

POLITICS

&

SOCIETYHealthcaresysteminAustraliaCHAPTER

01GlobaloverviewRankingofhealthcaresystemsofcountriesworldwidein2023,byscore*Healthcaresystemsrankingofcountriesworldwidein2023,byscoreIndexscore(0-100)0102030405060708090100FinlandBelgiumJapan85.98583.483.182.581.981.379.779.678.8IcelandSwitzerlandSwedenNorwayCzechiaGermanyDenmarkUruguayFrance78.478.478.2Ireland3Description:In2023,thehealthcaresysteminFinlandrankedfirstwithacareindexscoreof85.9,followedbyBelgiumandJapan.Caresystemsindexscoreismeasuredusingmultipleindicatorsfromvariouspublicdatabases,itevaluatesthecapacityofahealthsystemtotreatandcurediseasesandillnesses,onceitisdetectedinthepopulationThisstatisticshowsthecaresystemsrankingofcountriesworldwidein2023,bytheirindexscore.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;Legatumhealthindexisonascaleof0(lowest)to100(highest);*TheLegatumProsperityIndexisasystemthatratesnationsonhowwelltheysupporttheflourishingoftheircitizens,takingintoaccountbotheconomic[...]ReadmoreSource(s):LegatumInstituteFoundationTotalhealthexpenditureasshareofGDPintheAsia-Pacificregionin2019,bycountryTotalhealthexpenditureAPAC2019,bycountryHealthexpenditureasashareofGDP6%

8%0%2%4%10%12%14%AfghanistanJapan13.24%10.74%Australia9.91%9.74%NewZealandSouthKoreaMaldives8.16%8.04%Timor-LesteCambodiaChina7.16%6.99%5.35%5.25%VietnamSolomonIslandsMyanmarNepal4.77%4.68%4.45%4Description:In2019,Afghanistan'shealthexpenditureamountedtoapproximately13.24percentofitsGDP.Incomparison,thehealthexpenditureinBruneiamountedtoapproximately2.25percentofthecountry'sGDPin2019.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2019Source(s):WorldBankPercapitahealthexpenditureinAustraliafromfinancialyear2012to2023(inAustraliandollars)HealthexpenditurepercapitaAustraliaFY2012-202312,00010,0009,5979,4358,6717,9697,7928,0007,4777,3727,0586,8016,6096,3856,2826,0004,0002,00002012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220235Description:Infiscalyear2023,percapitahealthexpenditureacrossAustraliawasaround9.5thousandAustraliandollars.Thiswasanincreasefromabout6.28thousanddollarsinthebeginningofthemeasuredperiod,thefinancialyear2012.

ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;financialyear2012to2023Source(s):AIHWLeadingcountriesworldwidewiththebestmedicineavailabilityandaffordabilityin2024,byhealthindexscoreLeadingcountrieswiththebestmedicineavailabilityandcostsworldwidein2024Indexscore0102030405060708090100110IrelandJapan96.2294.99SaudiArabiaSpain87.0386.79TaiwanAustraliaJordan83.5982.5979.67CanadaSouthKoreaGermanyIsrael78.9978.3975.8175.6175.2574.88ItalySweden6Description:Accordingtoasurveyfrom2024,Irelandtopsthelistofthecountrieswiththebestmedicineavailabilityandaffordabilityintheworld,scoring96.22outof100,itwasfollowedbyJapanandSaudiArabia.Thisstatisticrepresentstherankingofthetop20countrieswiththebestmedicineavailabilityandaffordabilityworldwidein2024,byindexscore.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2024Source(s):CEOWORLDMagazineHealthcareoutcomesrankingoftheUnitedStates'healthsystemcomparedtotenotherhigh-incomecountriesin2021Healthcareoutcomesrankingof11selectcountries'healthcaresystems2021Health

care

system

performance

rankingAustralia12NorwaySwitzerlandNetherlandsSweden345France6Germany7NewZealandUnitedKingdomCanada891011UnitedStates7Description:Accordingtoa2021healthcaresystemsrankingamongselectedhigh-incomecountries,theUnitedStatescamelastintheoverallrankingofitshealthcaresystemperformance.Theoverallrankingwasbasedonfiveperformancecategories,includingaccesstocare,careprocess,administrativeefficiency,equity,andhealthcareoutcomes.Forthecategoryhealthcareoutcomes,whichtakesintoaccounthealthoutcomesmostlikelytoberesponsivetohealthcare,theU.S.wasranked[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):CommonwealthFund;OECDCHAPTER

02HealthexpenditureNationalhealthexpenditureinAustraliafromfinancialyear2012to2023(inbillionAustraliandollars)NationalhealthexpenditureAustraliaFY2012-2023300250252.52243.12222.2203.33195.91200185.09179.72169.25160.77153.96146.38141.46150100500201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023Financialyear9Description:Australiahassomeofthebesthealthoutcomesintheworldwithlowinfantmortalityratesandahighlifeexpectancy,evencomparedwithotherdevelopedcountries.About10percentofAustralia’sGDPisspentonhealth,whichamountedtoabout252billionAustraliandollarsinthefinancialyear2023.Australia’sspendingonhealthalsoincludesthePharmaceuticalBenefitsScheme(PBS),whichsubsidizesthecostofessentialmedicinesandMedicare,Australia’suniversalpublichealth[...]ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;FY2012toFY2023Source(s):AIHWGovernmentalhealthexpenditureinAustraliafromfinancialyears2012to2023,bytypeofexpenditure(inbillionAustraliandollars)GovernmentalhealthexpenditureinAustraliaFY2012-2023,bytypeofexpenditureDirectAustralianGovernmentspendingDepartmentofveterans'affairsGrantstostatesMedicalexpensestaxrebateHealthinsurancepremiumrebates*12010080604020020122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202310Description:Infinancialyear2023,theAustraliangovernmentspentover61billionAustraliandollarsonfederalgovernmentprogramhealthprograms.Thisfinancialyearsawadecreaseinannualspending,afteroveradecadeofannualincreases.

ReadmoreNote(s):Australia;financialyear2012to2023Source(s):AIHWShareofhealthexpenditureinAustraliafromfinancialyear2013to2023,bygovernmentalsourceoffundsShareofhealthexpenditureinAustraliaFY2013-2023,bygovernmentalsourceNationalAustraliangovernmentStateandterritorygovernment80%70%60%28.8%27.7%27.6%27.2%26.9%27.8%26.9%30.6%25.8%26.2%27%50%40%30%20%10%0%43.7%202241.9%201341.6%201441.7%201541.8%201641.4%201741.6%201841.1%201942.5%202042.7%202140.2%202311Description:Infinancialyear2023,around40percentofhealthexpenditurecamefromnationalAustraliangovernmentalsourcesandapproximately30percentcamefromthestateandterritorialgovernment.Thisshareofexpenditurehasbeeninthesamerangeoverthepastdecade.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;financialyear2013to2023Source(s):AIHWAnnualgrowthinhealthexpenditureinAustraliainfinancialyear2023,byareaofexpenditureAnnualgrowthinhealthexpenditureinAustraliaFY2023,byareaofexpenditureYoYgrowth-10%Aidsandappliances-5%0%5%10%15%20%15.1%Benefit-paidpharmaceuticalsDentalservices13.9%12.4%PatienttransportservicesOtherservices11.1%11%PublichospitalservicesMedications9.5%9.1%Administration8%Privatehospitals5.7%4.9%AllothermedicationsCommunityhealthandotherUnreferredmedicalservicesResearch3.7%2%1.4%12Description:Infinancialyear2023,publichospitalservicesexpenditureinAustraliaincreasedby9.5percentcomparedtothepreviousfinancialyear.Thepublichealthexpenditureofthecountrydecreasedby52percentfromthepreviousyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;financialyear2023Source(s):AIHWHealthexpenditureaspercentageofthegrossdomesticproduct(GDP)inAustraliafromfinancialyear2012to2023HealthexpenditureaspercentageoftheGDPinAustraliaFY2012-2023ShareofGDP0%2%4%6%8%10%12%2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220239.5%9.5%9.6%9.9%10.2%10.2%10%10%10.2%10.6%10.4%9.9%13Description:In2023,Australia'sexpenditureonhealthwasjustundertenpercentofthecountry'sGDP.Thiswasadecreasefromthepreviousyear,whichsawhealthexpenditureat10.4percentofthenationalGDP.

ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;financialyear2012to2023Source(s):AIHWNationalhealthexpenditureinAustraliafromfinancialyear2019to2028,byhealthfunction(inbillionAustraliandollars)NationalhealthexpenditureAustraliaFY2019-2028,byhealthfunctionMedical

services

and

benefitsPharmaceutical

benefits

andservicesHospitalFY2019FY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024*FY2025*FY2026*FY2027*FY2028*31.9632.6735.7837.3136.2238.7841.2343.3445.1447.2113.314.1815.216.2718.5720.1320.5720.7420.5220.6414Description:Infinancialyear2025,thenationalhealthexpenditureonAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderhealthinAustraliaisexpectedtoexceed1.34billionAustraliandollars.Inthesameyear,medicalservicesandbenefitsareexpectedtoreceivethelargestproportionofgovernmentexpenditure,ataround41billionAustraliandollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;FY2019toFY2028;*estimatesonly.

Australia'sfinancialyearsrunfromJulytoJuneofthefollowingyear.Forexample,FY2023startsonJuly1,2022,andendsonJune30,2023.

ReadmoreSource(s):ParliamentaryBudgetOfficeCHAPTER

03HealthprofessionalsNumberofworkinggeneralpractitionersinAustraliain2018and2023,bygender(in1,000s)HeadcountofgeneralpractitionersinAustralia2018-2023,bygenderFemaleMale2519.8419.8819.56201510517.0702018202316Description:Asof2023,bothmaleandfemalegeneralpractitioners(GPs)accountedforaworkforceofover19thousandpeopleeach.Comparedto2018,thenumberoffemaleGPsroserapidlybyovertwothousandGPs,whilethemaleworkforceonlygainedaround400newworkersinthesameperiod.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;ApriltoMay2024;18yearsandolderSource(s):DepartmentofHealth(Australia);RoyalAustralianCollegeofGeneralPractitionersNumberofgeneralpractitionersinfull-timeequivalentinAustraliain2018and2023,bygender(in1,000s)NumberofgeneralpractitionersinFTEAustralia2018-2023,bygenderFemaleMale2017.41816141210816.8312.3911.1564202018202317Description:Asof2023,almost17thousandmalegeneralpractitioners(GPs)wereworkinginfull-time.Comparedtothis,over12thousandfemaleGPswereworkingfull-time.Bothgendersexperiencedadecreaseinthenumberofpeopleworkinginfull-timeequivalents.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;ApriltoMay2024;18yearsandolderSource(s):DepartmentofHealth(Australia);RoyalAustralianCollegeofGeneralPractitionersNumberofregisteredpsychologistsinAustraliain2024,bystateNumberofregisteredpsychologistsAustralia2024bystateNumberofregisteredpsychologists02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,00015,34618,000NewSouthWalesVictoria13,816Queensland8,826WesternAustralia5,042SouthAustralia2,332AustralianCapitalTerritoryTasmania1,190863676279NoPrincipalPlaceofPractice(PPP)NorthernTerritory18Description:AsofSeptember30,2024,therewerearound15thousandpsychologistsregisteredinNewSouthWales,Australia.NewSouthWaleshadthehighestnumberofpsychologistsofanystateorterritoryfollowedbyVictoriaandQueensland.

ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;01July2024to30September2024Source(s):PsychologyBoardofAustraliaNumberofregisterednursesandmidwivesinAustraliafrom2019to2023,byprofessionNumberofregisterednursesandmidwivesAustralia2019-2023,byprofessionRegisteredNurseEnrolledNurseonlyDualRegistrationMidwifeonlyTotal450,000400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000391,241372,759310,771366,696349,589286,149344,941293,584271,009265,33553,21921,65652,34221,25654,19320,99053,61254,41719,92520,0035,5604,7314,9825,3646,1282019202020212022202319/statistics/1552433/australia-number-of-registered-nurses-and-midwives-by-professionIn2023,therewerearound310,000registerednursesinAustralia.Atthesametime,therewerejustover6,000midwivesinthecountry.Inaddition,therewereroughly20,000healthworkerswhoweredualregisteredasbothanurseandamidwife.

ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;2019to2023Source(s):DepartmentofHealth(Australia)NumberofregisterednursesandmidwivesinAustraliain2023,bystateorterritoryNumberofregisterednursesandmidwivesAustralia2023,bystateHeadcountTotalFullTimeEmployed(FTE)450,000400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000391,241358,706105,61199,138106,42695,47583,91376,83440,46437,44933,46629,4959,933

9,065Tasmania6,850

6,4584,199

4,310379

391UnknownNewSouthWalesVictoriaQueensland

SouthAustraliaWesternAustraliaAustralianCapitalTerritoryNorthernTerritoryAustralia20Description:In2023,therewerejustunder100,000Full-TimeEmployed(FTE)nursesinNewSouthWales.Incontrast,therewereonlyaround4,300FTEnursesintheNorthernTerritoryinthesameyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;2023Source(s):DepartmentofHealth(Australia)NumberofregisteredparamedicsinAustraliainfinancialyear2023,bystateorterritoryNumberofregisteredparamedicsAustraliaFY2023,bystateorterritoryGeneralNon-practicingTotal30,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000023,83723,2796,7896,9286,0376,1715,9756,1301,6971,743

1,5411,585677688558Australia319

18

337244

11255134139Victoria155Queensland464411TasmaniaNewSouthWalesWesternAustraliaSouthAustraliaAustralianCapitalTerritoryNorthernTerritory21Description:Inthe2023financialyear,therewereatotalof6,171registeredparamedicsinNewSouthWales,ofwhich134werenon-practicing.TheNorthernTerritoryonlyhadatotalof255registeredparamedicsinthesameyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;FY2023Source(s):ProductivityCommission(Australia)CHAPTER

04HospitalsinAustraliaNumberofpublichospitalsinAustraliainfinancialyear2023,bytypeNumberofpublichospitalsAustraliaFY2023,bytype800700678700600500400300200100022Publichospitals(otherthanpsychiatric)PublicpsychiatrichospitalsTotalpublichospitals23Description:Infinancialyear2023,therewere678publicnon-psychiatrichospitalsacrossAustralia.Thatsameyear,therewere22publicpsychiatrichospitalsacrossthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;Financialyear2023Source(s):AIHW;AustralianBureauofStatisticsNumberofpublichospitalsinAustraliainfinancialyear2023byremotenessandstateandterritoriesNumberofpublichospitalsinAustraliabyremotenessandstateFY2023MajorcitiesRegionalRemote250200150100500NewSouthWalesVictoriaQueenslandWesternAustralia

SouthAustraliaTasmaniaAustralianCapital

NorthernTerritoryTerritory24Description:With70publichospitalslocatedinNewSouthWales(NSW)majorcities,NSWwasthestatewiththehighestnumberofpublichospitalsinfinancialyear2023.QueenslandandWesternAustraliahadthehighestnumberofremotepublichospitalswith33and35respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;financialyear2023Source(s):AIHWNumberofbedsinpublichospitalsacrossAustraliainfinancialyear2023,bystateandterritoryNumberofpublichospitalbedsAustraliaFY2023,bystateNumberofhospitalbeds10,00005,00015,00020,00025,000NewSouthWalesVictoria21,20715,380Queensland*13,344WesternAustraliaSouthAustralia6,6764,493Tasmania1,6711,2331,046AustralianCapitalTerritoryNorthernTerritory25/statistics/979295/australia-number-of-public-hospital-beds-by-stateIn2023,therewasanaverageofjustover21thousandavailablebedsinpublichospitalsinNewSouthWales.Bycomparison,inthesameyeartherewasonlyanaverageofjustoveronethousandavailablebedsintheNorthernTerritory'spublichospitals.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;Financialyear2023;*DataisasatJune30,2023.ꢀNote:Thesourcedoesnotspecifythevariationofannualfiguresfromfinancialyearfigures.Thenumberofbedsreflectstheaveragenumberofavailable[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):AIHWPublichospitalbeddensityacrossAustraliainfinancialyear2023,bystateandterritory(per1,000population)PublichospitalbeddensityAustraliaFY2023bystateHospitalbedsper1,000population1.5

2.00.00.51.02.53.03.54.04.5NorthernTerritoryTasmania4.182.93AustralianCapitalTerritoryNewSouthWalesQueensland2.72.62.512.472.392.32SouthAustraliaWesternAustraliaVictoria26Description:Infinancialyear2023,therewasanaverageof4.18publichospitalbedsperonethousandpeopleintheNorthernTerritoryinAustralia.Victoriahadthelowestpublichospitalbeddensity,withonly2.32bedsperonethousandpeople.

ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;Financialyear2023Source(s):AIHWNumberofpeopleaged15yearsandoverwhosawageneralpractitionerinthelast12monthsinAustraliainfinancialyear2024,byagegroup(in1,000s)PeoplewhosawageneralpractitionerAustraliaFY2024,byagegroupNumberofpeopleinthousands05001,0001,5002,0002,5002,336.73,0003,50015-2425-342,926.42,956.335-4445-542,749.82,703.255-6465-742,332.675-841,458.985andover406.827Description:Infinancialyear2024,justunderthreemillionpeopleagedbetween25and34yearssawageneralpractitionerinAustraliainthelast12months.Ontheotherhand,justover408thousandpeopleaged85yearsandabovesawageneralpractitionerinthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;financialyear2024;26,176respondents;15yearsandolderSource(s):AustralianBureauofStatisticsShareofpatientsdelayingornotaccessingcareduetocostsinAustraliafromfinancialyear2022tofinancialyear2023,byageShareofpatientsnotaccessingcareduetocostsAustraliaFY2021-FY2023,byageShareofrespondents2022-232021-226%0%2%4%8%10%12%8.2%8.2%15-2425-345.3%10.2%4.4%4.2%4%35-446.7%45-546.1%55-643.3%3.3%4.5%65-741.6%75-840.8%2.3%85andover1.7%28Description:Infinancialyear2023,overtenpercentof25to34-year-oldAustraliansdidn'tgotoseeageneralpracticianduetocosts.Thenumberofpatientsdelayingornotaccessingcareatallduetocostshasbeenrisingfromtheperiodbetween2021and2022to2022and2023byalmostdoubletheshareofpeople.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;ApriltoMay2024;25,934respondents;15yearsandolderSource(s):AustralianBureauofStatistics;RoyalAustralianCollegeofGeneralPractitionersCHAPTER

05PublicopinionPublicopiniononaffordabilityofhealthpractitionersinAustraliafromfinancialyears2022to2024,bytypeOpiniononaffordabilityofhealthpractitionersAustraliaFY2022-24,bytype202220237.62024108.898765432108.38.1887.87.87.67.67.57.57.57.37.37.37.37.176.96.56.46.46.46.26.26.15.95.55.130Description:Infinancialyear2024,accordingtoasurveyconductedinAustralia,peoplewerethoughtthatpharmacieswerethemostaffordablehealthpractitioners,whichscoredan8.3.Theleastaffordablehealthpractitionerservicewaspsychologists/psychiatrists,whichscoreda7.1foraffordability.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;October2024;1000+respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):NAB(Australia)LevelofsatisfactionwithqualityoftreatmentfromhealthpractitionersinAustraliafromfinancialyears2022to2024,bytypeLevelofsatisfactionwithtreatmenthealthpractitionerAustraliaFY2022-24,bytype20222023820248.51098765432108.68.58.58.58.48.48.48.38.38.28.2

8.28.28.28.28.18.1

8.187.97.87.8

7.87.67.57.4

7.4731Description:Infinancialyear2024,accordingtoasurveyconductedinAustralia,peopleweremostsatisfiedwiththequalityoftreatmenttheyreceivedatavet,withasatisfactionscoreof8.3.Respondentswereleastsatisfiedwiththeirvisitstoapsychologist/psychiatrist,whichscoreda7.4onthesatisfactionscale.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;October2024;1000+respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):NAB(Australia)PublicopiniononeaseofaccesstohealthpractitionersinAustraliafromfinancialyear2022to2024,bytypePublicopiniononeaseofaccesstohealthpractitionerAustraliaFY2022-24,bytype202220237.52024108.98.88.78.5

8.598765432108.38.48.28.2

8.28.187.97.97.77.77.57.3

7.3

7.37.176.86.86.86.56.46.3

6.432Description:Infinancialyear2024,accordingtoasurveyconductedinAustralia,peoplewerefoundthatpharmaciesweretheeasiesthealthpractitionertogetintoseeoruse,withascoreof8.7.Themostdifficulthealthpractitionerstogainaccesstowerepsychologistsandpsychiatrists.ReadmoreNote(s):Australia,AustraliaandOceania;October2024;1000+respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):NAB(Australia)PublicopiniononwhichpartyismostcapableofmanaginghealthcareinAustraliain2024PublicopiniononpartiesmostcapableinmanaginghealthcareAustralia202435%31%30%25%25%20%15%10%5%19%10%9%6%0%ALPCoalitionDon’tknowNoneGreensOther33Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedamongadultsinAustraliainSeptember2024,31percentoftherespondentssaidthattheAustralianLaborParty(ALP)isthemostcapableinmanaginghealthcareinthe