考研英语模拟试卷231

考研英语模拟试卷231

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Stopworryingaboutrecession.ThatisthemessagefromAmerica'sR-wordindex.For

eachquarter,we(1)howmanystonesintheNewYorkTimesandtheWashington

Postincludetheword"recession”.(2)bellswereset(3)bythesharpjumpin

the"R-counl"inthefirstquarterofthisyear.ataratethatinthepasthas(4)the

startofarecession.Inthesecondquarter.(5).thenumberofarticles(6)by

morethanone-third.Aconspiracytheoristmightsuggestthatnewspapereditors,

(7)aboutdwindlingadvertisingrevenues,have(8)theR-word.The

Economisthasfoundthat(9)thepasttwodecades,theR-wordindexhasbeen

goodat(10)mining-pointsintheAmericaneconomy.(11)GDPfigures

whichappear(12)afteralag,thenumbersareinstantlyavailable.Buthowdoesthe

indexperforminGermany,(13)therehavealsobeen(14)fearsofrecession?

Usingouridea,HypoVereinsbankhas(15)anR-wordindexforGermany,

countingthenumberoftimesthewordrecession(16)inHandelsblatt.Worryingly,

Germany'sR-countforthefirstquarterof2001showedthesecond-steepest(17)in

thepasttwodecades.Butinthesecondquarter,theindexdroppedbyone-third,

(18)inAmerica(19)theworldeconomyhasnothingtoworryabout,or

journalistsaremorewordedabouta(20)thanamererecession.AR-wordindex?

1、Stopworryingaboutrecession.ThatisthemessagefromAmerica'sR-wordindex.

Foreachquarter,we(1)howmanystonesintheNewYorkTimesandthe

WashingtonPostincludetheword"recession".(2)bellswereset(3)bythe

sharpjumpinthe"R-count"inthefirstquarterofthisyear,ataratethatinthepasthas

(4)thestartofarecession.Inthesecondquarter.(5).thenumberofarticles

(6)bymorethanone-third.Aconspiracytheoristmightsuggestthatnewspaper

editors,(7)aboutdwindlingadvertisingrevenues,have(8)theR-word.The

Economisthasfoundthat(9)thepasttwodecades,theR-wordindexhasbeen

goodat(10)mining-pointsintheAmericaneconomy.(11)GDPfigures

whichappear(12)afteralag,thenumbersareinstantlyavailable.Buthowdoesthe

indexperforminGermany,(13)therehavealsobeen(14)fearsofrecession?

Usingouridea,HypoVereinsbankhas(15)anR-wordindexforGermany,

countingthenumberoftimesthewordrecession(16)inHandelsblatt.Worryingly,

Germany'sR-countforthefirstquarterof2001showedthesecond-steepest(17)in

thepasttwodecades.Butinthesecondquarter,theindexdroppedbyone-third,

(18)inAmeiica(19)theworldeconomyhasnothingtoworryabout,or

journalistsaremorewordedabouta(20)thanamererecession.AR-wordindex?

A>count

B、calculate

C^account

D、reckon

标准答案：A

知识点解析：我们数一数在《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》中有多少新闻故事包括

了“衰退”这个词。本题测试点为动词词义和用法辨析。这四个词都有“计算”的意

思、,但各有侧重。count侧重"计数"；calculaie侧重”通过计算来确认"；account

不及物动词,意为"总计为"；reckon侧重"推算文中提到howmanystories,count

有“数”的意味，故选为答案。

2、

A、Warning

B、Alarm

C、Siren

D、danger

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：本年第一季度且计数大幅上升已经敲响了警钟。本题测试点为固定搭

配。“警钟”在英语中的固定表达为alarmbell。

3、

A、up

B、out

C、off

D^about

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题测试点为动词短语与介词固定搭配。setup”建立“；seiout”开始

setoff，触发，引起”；setabout”开始，着手”，由句意可知是指数上升触发了警

钟。

4、

A、hintat

B、gestured

C、sign

D、signaled

标准答案：D

知识点解析：如果在过去该速度已经标志着衰退的开始。本题测试点为动词词义辨

析。hint"暗示"：gesture”以手势表示、sign”用手势表示”;signal”表示“，有“以信

号警告”的含义。根据句意，选signaled。

5、

A^but

B、yet

C、however

D、although

标准答案：c

知识点0析：达式但是在第二季度，商品数量降低了三分之一还多。本题测试点为

转折连词的用法。四个选项都表示转折，但用法不同。but可用于转折部分开始；

yet可用于转折部分开始或结尾，须和句子连用；however可插入转折部分中间，

前后用逗号分开；although表示让步转折。因此，根据上下文，however是正确答

案。

6、

A^reduced

B、fell

C、drop

D^descended

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题测试点为动词词义辨析。四个选项都有“下降”的意思，但表示”

数字减少”时一般用falL

7、

A、tormented

B、harassed

C、tortured

D、worried

标准答案：D

知识点解析：担心广告收入减少。本题测试点为动词习惯用法。这四个动词都有”

受…困扰”的意思，但后面的介词为aboul,所以应该用worried,其他三个动词均

与by连用o

8、

A、prohibited

B、proscribed

C、banned

D、interdicted

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本应当禁止用这个词。本题测试点为动词词义辨析。这四个词都有”

禁止”的含义，但有所不同。prohibit禁止”，一般表示禁止某项活动；proscribe”放

逐“：ban”取缔,禁止（书刊）、interdict”阻断,闭锁”。由上面辨析可知,ban最合

适。

9、

A^over

B、in

C、through

D、by

知识点解析：当地对经济哀退的恐惧日益加剧。本题测试点为关系代词用法。关系

代词引导的从句是一个完整的句子，故选which。

14、

A、grown

B、grow

C^grew

D、growing

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题测试点为动词用法。根据句意要表达的是”日益增加的”，应该用

现在分词形式，故选growing。

15、

A、coined

B、built

C^constructed

D、created

标准答案：C

知识点解析：HypoVereins银行为德国建构了一个R指数。木题测试点为动词词义

辨析。coin"杜撰"；build"建造"；construct"构建，创立"；create"创造"；coin、

creaie意义不符，build一般指建构具体的事物，constructed0

16、

A、appearing

B、appeared

C>appearance

D^appears

标准答案：D

知识点解析：用来计算在Handelsblatt出现的次数。本题测试点为动词用法。the

wordrecessionappearsinHandelsblatt是定语从句，修饰numbers,故选appearso

17、

A、growth

B>rise

C>rising

D、increase

标准答案：B

知识点解析：德国2001牟第一季度R统计表明，这是过去20年来排位第二的增

幅。木题测试点为名词词义辨析。growth“增长"；rise“上升"；rising“起立”；

increase"增长"，rise最恰当。

18、

A、as

B、like

C^asif

D、asthat

标准答案：A

知识点解析：正如美国的情形一般；本题测试点为连词的用法。因空格后是介词短

语，所以应选as。该句为省略句，完整句子为aswhalhappenedinAmerica。

19、

A、Either

B、Whichever

C^Neither

D、Whatever

标准答案：A

知识点解析•：要不就是世界经济没什么可担忧的了。木题测试点为并列连词用法。

either...or是固定的连词搭配，意为”不是…就是

20、

A、depression

B、decline

C、despair

D、dejection

标准答案：A

知识点解析：要不就是新闻记者怕的是消沉，而不仅仅是衰退。本题测试点为名词

词义辨析。depression"消沉，不景气"；decline"下降"；despair"绝望";dejection"

沮丧”，四个选项中，d叩ression最符合文意。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分,共20分。）

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnodenyingthefactthat

childrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceof

parentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesof

theschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandfrustrate

curricularobjectives.Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneediokeepparents

informedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconducted

workshopsexplainingsuchmattersasthereadingreadinessprogram,manuscriptwriting

anddevelopmentalmathematics.Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionof

thesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Theinformaltea

andthemanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyear,aswellasnewwaysofreporting

pupils'progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschool

andhome.Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmetic

processesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparent

sublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.Hemightbepersuadedto

letJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstick

ormeasuringcupalhome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatripandengagingin

scoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,

itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogress

inmathematics,andatthesametime,enjoyingthework.Toooften,however,teachers'

conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren'smisdemeanors,

complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionforpenaltiesandrewards

athome.Whatisneededisamorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asa

professionaladviser,plantsideasinparents'mindsforthebestutilizationofthemany

hoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.Inthisway,theschoolandthehome

joinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters'capacities.

21、Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovetextisthat

A、hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomany

hourswithhisparents.

B、teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesofthe

school.

C、therearemanywaysinwhichthemathematicsprogramcanbeimplementedat

home.

D、parentshavearesponsibilitytohelpstudentsindoinghomework.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：全文主旨题。本题问：本文的中心思想是什么?第1段最后I句前半

句写道：”他们可以成为学校工作人员的坚强同盟最后一段写道:“需要的是一

种更富有创造性的工作方法；教师作为职业的导师向家长灌输思想，以便最好地利

用孩子们的课外时间。这样，学校和家庭可以同心协力来充分培养孩子们的各种能

力”。综上所述，答案选项表达了文章的中心思想，

22、Theauthordirectlydiscussesthefactthat

A、parentsdrilltheirchildrentoomuchinarithmetic,

principalshaveexplainedthenewartprogramstoparents.

C>aparent'smisguidedeffortscanbeproperlydirected.

D、afathercanhavehissonhelphimconstructarticlesathome.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：段落内容总结归纳题。本题问：作者直接讨论了什么?参阅第2、3、

5段，进行总结归纳就可以看出作者的看法。

23、Itcanreasonablybeinferredthattheauthor

A、issatisfiedwithpresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschool.

feelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperior.to

the.developmentalprogram.

C^believesthatschoolsarewoefullylackinginguidancepersonnel.

D、feelsthatparent-teacherinterviewscanbemademuchmoreconstructivethanthey

areatpresent.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题问：从本文中可以推理出作者的看法如何?根据上

下文，第3段第2句写道：”一年中非正式的茶话会和许多家长会，以及报告学生

进步的许多新方法都大大地有助于建立学校与家庭之间和谐的相互关系”。第4段

第2句写道：”在友好的座谈中，教师能帮助家长使他们的关注取得创造性的成果

"o可见，答案选项符合上述表述。

24、Wemayinferthatthewriterofthearticledoesnotfavor

A、suggestionsbytheteachertoaparentinregardtoimprovingthestudent'sscholastic

average.

B、writtencommunicationstotheparentfromtheteacher.

C、havingtheparentobservelessonswhichthechildrenarebeingtaught.

D^principal-parentconferencesratherthanteacher-parentconferences.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题问：我们可以推理，本文作者并不赞成什么?从全

文内容看，作者谈到校长和教师应指导学生家长如何配合协作来完成学校的教学任

务。但教师比校长对学生的情况了解得更具体、更详细。因此可以推理，作者更赞

成教师与家长的会面及互相协作。

25Theauthordoesnotdirectlystate,butimpliesthat

A、participationininterestingactivitiesrelatingtoasubjectimprovesone'sachievement

inthatarea.

B、toomanychildrenarelazyandhavepoorworkhabits.

C>schoolprincipalsdomorethantheirshareininterpretingthecurriculumtothe

parents.

D、teachersshouldoccasionallymakehomevisitstoparents.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题问：本文作者暗示了什么?第4段第2句写道：”可

以劝说家长让学生参与讨论家庭预算、购买食品、在家中使用码尺或量杯、开钟、

计算旅行中每英里的耗油量并从事其他需要数学知识的计数活动”。上述活动可以

提高孩子对数学的兴趣和成绩。以此为例来暗示”参与与某一课程有关的有趣活动

可以提高学生该课程的成绩二

In1575―over400yearsagotheFrenchscholarLouisLeRoypublishedalearnedbook

inwhichhevoiceddespairoverthechangescausedbythesocialandtechnological

innovationsofhistime,whatwenowcalltheRenaissance.We,also,feelthatourtimes

areoutofjoint;weevenhavereasontobelievethatourdescendantswillbeworseoff

thanwcarc.Theearthwillsoonbeovercrowdedanditsresourcesexhausted.Pollution

willruintheenvironment,upsettheclimateandendangerhumanhealth.Thegapin

livingstandardsbetweentherichandthepoorwillwidenandleadtheangry,hungry

peopleoftheworldtoactsofdesperationincludingtheuseofnuclearweaponsas

blackmail.Sucharetheinevitableconsequencesofpopulationandtechnologicalgrowth

ifpresenttrendscontinue.Thefutureisneveraprojectionofthepast.Animalsprobably

havenochancetoescapefromthetyrannyofbiologicalevolution,buthumanbeingsare

blessedwiththefreedomofsocialevolution.Forus,trendisnotdcstiny（fatc）.The

escapefromexistingtrendsisnowfacilitatedbythefactthatsocietiesanticipatefuture

dangersandtakepreventivestepsagainstexpectedchanges,Despitethewidespread

beliefthattheworldhasbecometoocomplexfoecomprehensionbythehumanbrain,

modernsocietieshaveoftenrespondedeffectivelytocriticalsituations.Thedecreasein

birthrates,thepartialprohibitionofpesticidesandtherethinkingoftechnologiesforthe

productionanduseofenergyarebutafewexamplesillustratingasuddenreversalof

trendscausednotbypoliticalupsetsorscientificbreakthroughs,butbypublicawareness

ofconsequences.Evenmorestrikingarcthesituationsinwhichsocialattitudes

concerningfuturedifficultiesundergorapidchangesbeforetheproblemshavecometo

pass一witnesstheheatedargumentsabouttheproblemsofbehaviorcontrolandof

geneticengineeringeventhoughthereisasyetnoproofthateffectivemethodscanbe

developedtomanipulatebehaviorandgenesonapopulationscale.Oneofthe

characteristicsofourtimesisthustherapiditywithwhichstepscanbetakentochange

theorientationofcertaintrendsandeventoreversethem.Suchchangesusuallyemerge

fromgrassrootmovementsratherthanfromofficialdirectives.Notes:Renaissance（14

世纪一16世纪欧洲）文艺复兴（时期）。tyranny暴虐统治；暴虐行为。areblessedwith

幸有；有幸得到。butafew只是几个。cometopass发生实现。Asyet至今。grass

root群众

26、Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,ifpresenttrendscontinue,whichoneofthe

followingsituationswillnotoccur?

ANAnoverpopulatedearthwillbeunabletosustainitsinhabitants.

B、Therichwillbecomericherandthepoorwillbecomepoorer.

C^Newsourcesofenergywillbesubstitutedforoilandnaturalgas.

D^Theeffectsofpollutionwillposeadreadfulthreattomankind.

标准答案：C

知识点》析：细节辨认题。本题问：根据前两段，如果目前的趋势继续下去的话，

下面哪一种情况将不会发生?第2段第1句；“地球将很快人满为患，资源耗尽“。

第2段第3句：”贫富之间生活水准的差异将扩大第2段第2句：”污染将毁

坏环境、搞乱气候并损害人的健康，由此可见，其他三个选项文中都出现过，只

有答案选项文中并未提及。注意：解细节辨认题的诀窍之一是针对选项中的关键

词，通过段落主题句的引导，为所查找的信息进行段落定位。

27、Thebestillustrationofthemeaningof"trendisnotdestiny"inPara.3isthat.

A、humanbeingsareblessedwiththefreedomofsocialevolution.

theworldhasbecometoocomplexforhumanbeingstomodify.

C、preventivestepsagainstcatastrophesarcdifficulttobeadopted.

D、theearthwillsoonbeovercrowdedanditsresourcesexhausted.

标准答案：A

知识点解析•：句子释义题。本题问：第3段中”趋势并不等于命运”的最好说明是什

么?第3段第2、3句写道：”动物或许无法摆脱生物进化的肆虐，但人类有幸获得

支配社会发展的自由。对于我们来说，趋势并不是命运”。可见，前一句是原因，

后一句是结果。要解释后一句，只要参阅前一句即可。故答案选项正确。注意：解

释义题主要根据上下文进行推断。

28>Accordingtothetext,evidencesoftheinsightofthepublicintothedangerswhich

surrounduscanbefoundinallofthefollowingEXCEPT

A、adeclineinbirthrates.

B、oppositiontotheuseofpesticides.

C、pressingfbrbetterpowerproductionandenergyuse.

D、arapidincreaseinthefundingofenvironmentresearch.

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：细节辨认题。本题问：根据本文，下面哪一点不能作为公众认识我们

周围危险的证据?第4段写道：”出生率的下降，部分禁止农药并重新思考生产和使

用电能的技术只不过是说明趋势突然逆转的几个例子，而这种逆转并不是由政治动

乱或科学突破所引起的，而是由公众意识到其严重后果引起的”。其他三个选项在

上句中均已提及，故应排除答案项。

29、Theauthorisinfavoroftheopinionthat

A、thereversaloftrendcausedbyscientificadvancesisoutofthequestion.

R、nuclearweaponswen"playaprominentroleindealingsamongpeoples.

C>thepublicisawareofthefuturedangersandreadytotakeimmediateaction.

D、thetrendofrapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyseemsirresistible.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者观点题。本题问：作者赞成下面哪一种观点?最后一段写道：”我

们的时代的特点之一是能够迅速采取措施来改变某些趋势的发展方向，甚至使它们

逆转。这些变革通常来自群众运动而不是官方指令”。可见，作者的观点是，现代

科学家与公众已经意识到未来的危险并准备采取措施来防止这些危险的发生。注

意：最后1段往往是结论段，常常体现作者对所论述主题的看法。

30、Thelogicalorganizationofthetextisthat

A、anassertionismade,followedbyafewexamplestoillustrateit.

B>futuredangersarestatedandrelativemeasuresaretobeadopted.

C、ahistoricaltrendisstatedandevidenceisthenprovidedtoproveit.

D、examplesofrisksarcgivenandreasonsarcthenadvancedtoclarifythem.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：全文逻辑陶思题。本题问：本文的逻短构思可以归纳为下面哪一条？

从整个文章构思来看，前面着重描述人类面临的危险，而后面则指出科学家与公众

已经看到这些危险并着手采取措施。

Within80years,somescientistsestimate,theworldmustproducemorethaneighttimes

thepresentworldfoodsupply.Theproductivenessofthesearaisesourhopesforan

adequatefoodsupplyinthefuture.Aidedbymenofscience,wehavesetforthtofindout

that70percentoftheearthremainsunexplored-theoceandepths.Thus,wemaybetter

discoverandutilizethesea'snaturalproductsfortheworld'shungry.Itisfishprotein

concentratethatissoughtfromtheseas.ByutilizingtheunharvestedfishinUnitedStates

watersalone,enoughfishproteinconcentratecanbeobtainedtoprovidesupplemental

animalproteinformorethanonebillionpeopleforoneyearatthecostoflessthanhalfa

centperdayperperson.Themalnutritionofchildrenisterriblytragic,Butthecrimelies

insociety'sunrestrainedbreeding,notinitsnegligenceinproducingfishpowder.But

whereverthepopulationprojectsarecarefullyconsidered,theanswertotheproblemis

somethinglikethis:Therearefewprojectsthatcoulddomoretoraisethenutritional

levelofmankindthanafull-scalescientificefforttodeveloptheresourcesofthesea.

Eachyearsomethirtymilliontonsoffoodproductsaretakenfromthesea,which

accountfor12percentoftheworld'sanimalproteins.Nationswiththeirswelling

populationsmustpushforwardintotheseafrontiersforfoodsupplies.Privateindustry

muststepupitsmarineresearchandthefederalgovernmentmustmakenewattackson

theproblemsofmarineresearchdevelopment.Thereisatoneofdesperatenessinall

thesedesignsonthesea.Butwhatismoststartlingistheassumptionthattheseasarean

untouchedresource.Thefactisthattheseashavebeen,andarebeing,hurtdirectlyand

indirectly,bythesameforcesthathaveabusedtheland.Inthebroadpatternofecological

relationshipstheseasarcnotseparablefromwhathappensontheland.Thepoisonsthat

pollutethesoilandtheairbringinmassivedosesintothe"continentalshelfwaters.The

dirtandpollutionthatspi'lsfromoururbansewersandindustrialoutfallsdespoilour

baysandcoastalwaters.Alltheborderseasarealreadyheavilypollutedbythesame

expluilaliundrives(hathaveuiidenniiiudthequalityuflifeonland.Noles;sewers下水

道

31、Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A^Thoughthesituationisnoturgent,weshouldpressforwardwithourmarine

research,

B、Nationsthroughouttheworldmustbeprovidedwithfish,freshorfrozen,forneeded

protein.

C^ThereareenoughfishintheU.S.seastoallowfortheannualproteinneedsofa

quarteroftheworld's5billionpeople.

D、Theoceansarethemajorsourceoftheworld'sproteinsupply.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节辨认题。本题问：根据本文，下面哪一条是正确的?参阅第2段

第2句：”仅仅利用美国水域未开发的渔业资源就能得到足够的鱼类蛋白质浓缩物

来为十亿多人提供一年补充的动物蛋白，其成本是每人每天不到半分钱”。

32、Theauthor'sprimaryconcernisthat

A、theoceanswillhelptoprovideenoughfoodfortheworldinthefuture.

B、thirtymilliontonsoffoodproductsaretakenfromtheseaeveryyear.

C、citysewersarepouringforthpollutedmatterintobaysandcoastalwaters.

D、asteadyincreaseinpopulationwillresultinmorehungrymouthstoteed.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：作者观点题。本题问：本文作者主要关注什么?第1段2、3句及第2

段后半部分写道：“海洋的富饶使我们有望在将来得到足够的食品供应。在科学家

的帮助下，我们已经开始发现，地球的70%仍未被开发一这就是海洋深处。…”为

提高人类的营养水平没有什么项目能比全面科学开发海洋资源更为有利”。综上所

述，作者主要关注的是，将来海洋会向人类提供足够的食品。

33、Theauthorofthetextismostprohablyoftheopinionthat

A、theseaisaninexhaustibleresourceoffoodsupply.

B、theshortageoffoodsupplymainlyresultsfromunrestrictedpopulationgrowth.

C、theinadequatefoodsupplyischieflycausedbythenegligenceinexplorationofthe

sea.

D、ilisthepopulationprojects,ratherthanthedevelopmentofsearesources,thatcan

improvethenullitiunalcondilionsofmankind.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：作者观点题。本题问：本文作者最有可能持下面哪一种观点?参阅第

2段第4句：”但是问题的罪魁祸首是社会无节制的生育，而不是社会忽视鱼粉生

产”。显然，作者所持的观点很可能是把食品的短缺归因于无节制的生育。

34、Fromthelastparagraphwelearnthat

A、theseaswewilldependonforfuturefoodhavebeenmoreorlesscontaminated.

B、themarineresourcesaredirectlyboundupwithourfuturelife.

C、theexploitationdrivesareessentialfbrustoimprovethequalityoflifeontheearth.

D、theecologicalbalanceintheseashasnothingtodowiththatontheland.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节理解题。本题问：从最后一段我们了解到了什么?第3段第2句

写道：”事实是海洋已经并正在直接或间接地受到损害二最后一句更明确指出：”

所有边缘海域都已经受到严重污染，其根源和破坏陆地生活质量的开发运动相同

%可见，最后一段要提供的主要信息是答案选项的表述。

35、Themostappropriatetitleforthistextis

A^TheRoleofScienceinFightingHunger.

B、ScientificEffortstoDevelopSeaResources.

C、TheImportanceofFishProteininOurDiets.

D^TheSeaandOurFutureFoodSupply.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章主旨题。本题问：本文最恰当的标题是什么?本文主要论述由于

人口的增长，人类应开发海洋资源以便得到充足的食品供应。

MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemexcitedbythespellofthefreemarket.

Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirements

ofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,established

byanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemsharmful.Accordingly,itrequires

amajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixing(thedeterminationofpricesbytheseller)as

both"normal"andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infact,price-fixingisnormalin

allindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortless

consequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrial

planningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Hence,acomparativelysmallnumberoflarge

firmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillact

withconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsfbrmorethanits

competitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree-marketeconomic

theories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithas

incommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingfbrthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirm

willthusavoidsignificantprice-cutting,becauseprice-cuttingwouldbeprejudicialtothe

commoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice­

fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicit

agreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot.Moreover,thoseeconomistswhoarguethat

allowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodof

establishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesother

thantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomiesemployintentionalprice-fixing,usuallyinan

overtfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreements

coveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarly

efficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixing,thecountriesthathave

avoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomic

development.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave.Socialistindustryalsoworkswithina

frameworkofcontrolledprices.In'theearly1970's,theSovietUnionbegantogivefirms

andindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolution

hasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitesStateshavehailedthe

changeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttoprices

establishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselittleinfluencethanarecapitalist

firms;rather,Sovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices.Notes:spell一

阵。aggregate总体

36、Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto

A、refutethetheorythatthefreemarketplaysausefulroleinthedevelopmentof

industrializedsocieties.

B、arguethatprice-fixing,inoneformoranother,isaninevitablepartofandbenefitto

theeconomyofanyindustrializedsociety.

C、showthatinindustrializedsocietiesprice-fixingandtheoperationofthefreemarket

arenotonlycompatiblebutalsomutuallybeneficial.

D^explainthevariouswaysinwhichindustrializedsocietiescanfixpricesinorderto

stabilizethefreemarket.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：综合归纳题。本题问：本文的主要目的是什么?作者在第1段中开宗

明义地提出”价格控制在工业化社会中是正常的，也是有益的”，此后文中自始至终

论述价格控制对工业化社会的重要意义。

37、Thesuggestioninthetextthatprice-fixinginindustrializedsocietiesisnormalarises

fromtheauthor'sstatementthatprice-fixingis

A、aprofitableresultofeconomicdevelopment.

B、aninevitableresultoftheindustrialsystem.

C>theresultofanumberofcarefullyorganizeddecisions.

D、aphenomenoncommontoindustrializedandnon-industrializedsocieties.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节理解题。本题问：文中有关工业化社会中价格制定是正常的说法

是根据作者的哪一表述提出的?参阅第1段第5句：”实际上，在工业化社会中价格

控制是很正常的，因为工业制度本身就提供了它所需要的价格控制，这是工业发展

本身很容易产生的结果”。

38、Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheresultoftheSovietUnion'schangeineconomic

policy,inthe1970,s?

A、Sovietfirmsshowgreaterprofit.

B、Sovietfirmshavelesscontroloverthefreemarket.

C、Sovietfirmsareabletoadjusttotechnologicaladvances.

D、Sovietfirmshavesomeauthoritytofixprices.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节理解题。本题问：根据作者的看法，苏联70年代经济政策变化

的结果是什么?作者在最后一段中写道：”在20世纪70年代初，苏联开始让公司和

工业适当地灵活掌握价格的调整…但是苏联公司与资本主义公司一样不受自由市场

所确定的价格支配，苏联公司对自由市场几乎没有什么影响。而且，苏联公司被授

权确定价格，

39Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthebehavioroflargefirmsin

industrializedsocietieswouldtheauthoragree?

A、Thedirectorsoflargefirmswillcontinuetoanticipatethedemandforproducts.

B、Thedirectorsoflargefirmsarelessinterestedinachievingapredictablelevelof

profitthaninachievingalargeprofit.

C、Thedirectorsoflargefirmswillstrivetoreducethecostsoftheirproducts.

D、Manydirectorsoflargefirmsbelievethatthegovernmentshouldestablishtheprices

thatwillbechargedforproducts.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题问：作者最有可能同意卜面哪一点关于工业化社会

大公司的行为的说法?参阅第1段倒数第2句。在第1段中作者谈到在工业化社会

中大公司的做法。大公司在对产品的稳定需求中有它们的共同利益。由此可以推

理，作者认为，大公司的经理们会不断预测对产品的需求。

40、Inthetext,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

A、predictingtheconsequencesofapractice.

B、criticizingapointofview.

C>callingattentiontorecentdiscoveries.

D、summarizingconflictingopinions.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：总结归纳题。本题问：本文中作者主要讨论什么？本文第1段中作者

提出，美国许多经济学家认为自由市场是最好的，价格控制是有害的。而作者认

为，价格控制在工业化国家中是正常的，在其他资本主义国家和社会主义苏联均如

此。可见，作者旨在批判经济学家的一种观点。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutscience.Choosethemost

suitableheadingfromthelistforeachnumberedparagraph.Thefirstparagraphofthe

textisnotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudon'tneedlouse.A.The

NeedforScienceB.TheMethodsofScienceC.TheChallengeofUnsolvedProblemsD.

TheSpecificFeaturesoftheLawsofScienceE.TheStepsinEstablishingaScientific

TheoryF.TheRapidIncreaseofScientificKnowledgeItisthebusinessofthescientistto

accumulateknowledgeabouttheuniverseandallthatisinit,andtofind,ifheisable,

commonfactorswhichunderlieandaccountforthefactsthatheknows.Hechooses,

whenhecan,themethodofthe"controlledexperiment,.(41).Inthe