【刺激响应型材料概述2300字】

刺激响应型材料概述近些年，人们对刺激响应型材料的认识、应用和研究得到了快速的发展。刺激响应型材料是一类能对外界“刺激”做出“响应”行为的分子，外界环境的变化如光ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[8,9]、磁ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mostarac</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>762</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[10]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>762</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618319088">762</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mostarac,Deniz</author><author>Sanchez,PedroA.</author><author>Kantorovich,Sofia</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Characterisationofthemagneticresponseofnanoscalemagneticfilamentsinappliedfields</title><secondary-title>Nanoscale</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nanoscale</full-title></periodical><pages>14298-14298</pages><volume>12</volume><number>26</number><dates><year>2020</year><pub-dates><date>Jul14</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2040-3364</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000547632900042</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000547632900042</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/d0nr90128h</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[10]、温度ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhan</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>763</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>763</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618319473">763</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhan,Shun-Ze</author><author>Li,Mian</author><author>Ng,SeikWeng</author><author>Li,Dan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>LuminescentMetal–OrganicFrameworks(MOFs)asaChemopalette:TuningtheThermochromicBehaviorofDual-EmissivePhosphorescencebyAdjustingtheSupramolecularMicroenvironments</title><secondary-title>Chemistry–AEuropeanJournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Chemistry–AEuropeanJournal</full-title></periodical><pages>10217-10225</pages><volume>19</volume><number>31</number><keywords><keyword>copper</keyword><keyword>luminescence</keyword><keyword>metal–organicframeworks</keyword><keyword>supramolecularchemistry</keyword><keyword>thermochromism</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>2013/07/29</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd</publisher><isbn>0947-6539</isbn><work-type>/10.1002/chem.201204632</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1002/chem.201204632</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1002/chem.201204632</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2021/04/13</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[11]、pHADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Parmar</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>764</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>764</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618320016">764</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Parmar,AvanishS.</author><author>Pike,Douglas</author><author>Nosker,Patrick</author><author>Grisham,Daniel</author><author>Hasan,NidaF.</author><author>Yin,David</author><author>Chen,Yuan</author><author>Njoku,Faith</author><author>Lockard,Jenny</author><author>Nanda,Vikas</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PHReversibleConjugatesofGrapheneOxidewithPeptidesandProteins</title><secondary-title>BiophysicalJournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BiophysicalJournal</full-title></periodical><pages>57A-57A</pages><volume>106</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>Jan28</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0006-3495</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000337000400293</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000337000400293</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.395</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[12]等产生相应的响应信号，可引起材料的颜色、结构、表面电荷分布或其他物化性质的变化，并且这种变化是可逆的。这种独特的物化性质使得刺激响应型材料在信息技术ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Josic</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>766</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[13]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>766</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618320348">766</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Josic,Kresimir</author><author>Shea-Brown,Eric</author><author>Doiron,Brent</author><author>delaRocha,Jaime</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Stimulus-DependentCorrelationsandPopulationCodes</title><secondary-title>NeuralComputation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NeuralComputation</full-title></periodical><pages>2774-2804</pages><volume>21</volume><number>10</number><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0899-7667</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000269833200003</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000269833200003</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1162/neco.2009.10-08-879</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[13]，生物传感ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Guo</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>765</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>765</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618320212">765</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Guo,Zhaoyang</author><author>Liu,Haiyang</author><author>Dai,Wubin</author><author>Lei,Yifeng</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Responsiveprinciplesandapplicationsofsmartmaterialsinbiosensing</title><secondary-title>Smartmaterialsinmedicine</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Smartmaterialsinmedicine</full-title></periodical><pages>54-65</pages><volume>1</volume><dates><year>2020</year><pub-dates><date>2020</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>MEDLINE:33349813</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://MEDLINE:33349813</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.smaim.2020.07.001</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]，药物运输ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[15,16]等领域中有着独特的研究价值。1.1光响应材料光是智能响应材料中一种频繁采用的外部刺激方式，光响应材料由于其优良的可控性和可逆性而受到了广泛关注。同时，光照刺激具有许多独特的优点，比如反应迅速、可精确定位光照位置和远程控制光照过程等，科研工作者对光响应材料（图1.1）的研究非常多ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kundu</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>767</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[7]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>767</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618320421">767</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kundu,P.K.</author><author>Samanta,D.</author><author>Leizrowice,R.</author><author>Margulis,B.</author><author>Zhao,H.</author><author>B?Rner,M.</author><author>Udayabhaskararao,T.</author><author>Manna,D.</author><author>Klajn,R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Light-controlledself-assemblyofnon-photoresponsivenanoparticles</title><secondary-title>NatureChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>646-652</pages><volume>7</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[7]。光响应材料一般会含有可以吸收光能的官能团，在不同波长的光照下，自身产生一系列结构和形态变化，导致其物化性质发生改变，如偶极矩、分子尺寸和形状的变化，这些光致异构反应能够诱导含有光响应基团的分子产生光学、力学、化学性质等变化。图1.1常见的光响应材料Fig.1.1Commonlight-responsivematerials1.1.1螺吡喃类化合物螺吡喃类化合物（Spiropyran）是典型的光响应分子，该类化合物已成为为研究较为广泛和深入的一类光响应物质ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Klajn</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>768</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>768</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618320528">768</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Klajn,Rafal</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Spiropyran-baseddynamicmaterials</title><secondary-title>ChemicalSocietyReviews</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalSocietyReviews</full-title></periodical><pages>148-184</pages><volume>43</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0306-0012</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000329070600012</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000329070600012</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/c3cs60181a</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]。螺吡喃分子有两种结构，在可见光照或加热后，螺吡喃分子以闭环形式（spiropyran，SP，螺吡喃形式）存在，因其C-O螺环处于关闭状态，所以表现为不带电、疏水、偶极矩较小；而在紫外光的照射下，C-O键断裂，分子局部发生旋转形成平面结构，形成开环结构（merocyanine，MC，部花青形式）。由于MC形式是开环状态，表现为离子型，具有良好的亲水性，并且其偶极矩急剧增大，远远大于SP形式（0.79D→6.71D）。得益于其出色的物理-化学特性，螺吡喃类衍生物在多种领域均有大量的研究，例如离子检测ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>769</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>769</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618320738">769</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,Yinhui</author><author>Duan,Yu</author><author>Zheng,Jing</author><author>Li,Jishan</author><author>Zhao,Wenjie</author><author>Yang,Sheng</author><author>Yang,Ronghua</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Self-AssemblyofGrapheneOxidewithaSilyl-AppendedSpiropyranDyeforRapidandSensitiveColorimetricDetectionofFluorideIons</title><secondary-title>AnalyticalChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AnalyticalChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>11456-11463</pages><volume>85</volume><number>23</number><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Dec3</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0003-2700</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000327999800041</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000327999800041</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/ac402592c</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]、药物控释ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chen</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>770</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>770</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618320815">770</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chen,Shuo</author><author>Jiang,Fengjuan</author><author>Cao,Ziquan</author><author>Wang,Guojie</author><author>Dang,Zhi-Min</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Photo,pH,andthermotriple-responsivespiropyran-basedcopolymernanoparticlesforcontrolledrelease</title><secondary-title>ChemicalCommunications</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalCommunications</full-title></periodical><pages>12633-12636</pages><volume>51</volume><number>63</number><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>2015</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1359-7345</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000358520200030</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000358520200030</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/c5cc04087f</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]、数据存储ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ma</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>771</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>771</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618320880">771</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ma,Ying</author><author>Niu,Chengshan</author><author>Wen,Yongqiang</author><author>Li,Guo</author><author>Wang,Jingxia</author><author>Li,Heng</author><author>Du,Shixuan</author><author>Yang,Lianming</author><author>Gao,Hongjun</author><author>Song,Yanlin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Stableandreversibleoptoelectricaldual-modedatastoragebasedonaferrocenlylspiropyranmolecule</title><secondary-title>AppliedPhysicsLetters</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedPhysicsLetters</full-title></periodical><volume>95</volume><number>18</number><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Nov2</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0003-6951</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000271666800078</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000271666800078</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>183307</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1063/1.3259647</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]、光学传感ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mistlberger</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>772</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>772</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618320985">772</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mistlberger,G.</author><author>Pawlak,M.</author><author>Bakker,E.</author><author>Klimant,I.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PhotodynamicopticalsensorforbuffercapacityandpHbasedonhydrogel-incorporatedspiropyran</title><secondary-title>ChemicalCommunications</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalCommunications</full-title></periodical><pages>4172-4175</pages><volume>51</volume><number>20</number><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>2015</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1359-7345</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000350445100006</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000350445100006</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/c4cc07821g</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]等。1.1.2偶氮苯类化合物偶氮苯（Azobenzens）及其衍生物作为典型的光响应功能分子，在紫外光和可见光的照射下，分子自身能够发生可逆的顺-反异构化，从而导致偶氮苯基团的偶极矩和空间构型发生变化ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[22,23]。偶氮苯的光致异构过程是完全可逆的，并且在反式构型（Trans）时，其结构较为稳定，而其顺式（Cis）为亚稳定构型。偶氮苯的顺反异构会导致其分子的几何构型和偶极矩都会发生显著的变化，当偶氮苯基团处于反式构型时，其分子长度约为9.0Å，异构化为顺式构型时，其分子尺寸变为5.5Å，偶极矩也从0D变为3.0D。1.1.3香豆素类化合物自科学家发现香豆素化合物（Coumarins）具有光二聚反应特性以来，该类化合物称为研究较为广泛和深入的一类光响应物质ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Loncaric</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>780</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[24]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>780</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1618323583">780</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Loncaric,Melita</author><author>Gaso-Sokac,Dajana</author><author>Jokic,Stela</author><author>Molnar,Maja</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>RecentAdvancesintheSynthesisofCoumarinDerivativesfromDifferentStartingMaterials</title><secondary-title>Biomolecules</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Biomolecules</full-title></periodical><volume>10</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2020</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>WOS:000514863200161</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000514863200161</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>151</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.3390/biom10010151</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[24]。在长波紫外光照射下，香豆素单体之间发生内酯键的二聚反应，形成香豆素二聚体；而在短波紫外光照射下，香豆素二聚体发生开环裂解，形成单体结构ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[25,26]，随着结构的变化，其化学性质也随之发生变化。近年来，有文献报道将香豆素衍生物嫁接在多孔材料的孔口，通过不同波长的紫外光照射使多孔材料的孔口打开和闭合，从而实现对客体分子的存储和释放ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[27,28]。1.1.4其他光响应材料除了上述几种光响应材料之外，目前研究者们也开发了许多其他类型的光响应材料，如二芳基乙烯类、螺噁嗪类、俘精酸酐等，并且在催化、传感器和药物输送等领域有着广泛的应用ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[29-31]。1.2温度响应材料作为最广泛研究的刺激响应型材料之一，温度响应（热响应）材料是一类在外界温度变化后，材料的内部结构发生变化，导致其化学性质随之发生相应变化的材料。根据其温度响应性行为，温度响应性聚合物主要分为下临界共溶温度（LCST）和上临界共溶温度（UCST）两种类型ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kotsuchibashi</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>1358</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[32]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1358</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1619006560">1358</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kotsuchibashi,Yohei</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Recentadvancesinmulti-temperature-responsivepolymericmaterials</title><secondary-title>PolymerJournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PolymerJournal</full-title></periodical><pages>681-689</pages><volume>52</volume><number>7</number><dates><year>2020</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0032-3896</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000521525400002</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000521525400002</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/s41428-020-0330-0</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[32]。目前大部分关于温度响应材料都集中于LCST型聚合物，如聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAM），聚N-乙烯基己内酰胺（PNVCL）和聚乙烯基甲基醚（PVME）及其衍生物等，这是由于这些聚合物的LCST是在日常温度范围内，并且无毒、高水溶性以及生物相容性等特性适用于药物控释、生化分离以及化学传感器等领域ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Nuntahirun</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>1362</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[33]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1362</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1619009341">1362</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nuntahirun,P.</author><author>Yamamoto,O.</author><author>Paoprasert,P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Temperature-responsiveN-isopropylacrylamide-graftednaturalrubber</title><secondary-title>PolymerBulletin</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PolymerBulletin</full-title></periodical><pages>1-15</pages><volume>75</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2017</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[33]。如PNIPAM，它具有在水中约32°C在水中的LCST，接近人体温度ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhang</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>1360</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[34,35]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1360</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1619009156">1360</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhang,J.</author><author>Chu,L.Y.</author><author>Cheng,C.J.</author><author>Mi,D.F.</author><author>Zhou,M.Y.</author><author>Ju,X.J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Graft-typepoly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylicacid)microgelsexhibitingrapidthermo-andpH-responsiveproperties</title><secondary-title>Polymer</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Polymer</full-title></periodical><pages>2595-2603</pages><volume>49</volume><number>10</number><dates><year>2008</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Liu</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>1361</RecNum><record><rec-number>1361</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1619009191">1361</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Liu,R.</author><author>Fraylich,M.</author><author>Saunders,B.R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Thermoresponsivecopolymers:fromfundamentalstudiestoapplications</title><secondary-title>Colloid&PolymerScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Colloid&PolymerScience</full-title></periodical><pages>627-643</pages><volume>287</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[34,35]，其温度响应行为如图1.2所示。当环境温度低于其LCST时，PNIPAM中亲水性的酰胺基团与水分子之间在氢键和范德华力，聚合物分子链呈现一种延伸状态；而当温度升高时，聚合物的酰胺基团之间形成氢键作用，与水分子的部分氢键被破坏，此时聚合物主要呈现出堆积的构型ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[36,37]。图1.2PNIPAM聚合物的温度响应行为Fig.1.2TemperatureresponsebehaviorofPNIPAMpolymer1.3磁响应材料在各种类型的刺激响应材料中，磁响应材料被科研工作者们广泛研究，这是由于它们可以受益于磁相互作用的性质，以非接触方式远程操控材料的响应性ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[38-40]。其发生磁性响应现象主要是由于在外部磁场（由永磁体或电磁体产生）的刺激下，引发材料中磁偶极子之间发生相互作用，从而导致材料的磁性变化。目前，研究较为广泛的磁响应材料主要为Fe基磁性材料，如Fe3O4、γ-Fe2O3和MnFe2O4等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王少敏</Author><RecNum>1507</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[41]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1507</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1619072320">1507</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王少敏</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>高磁响应性Fe--Fe2O3纳米链的制备及其功能化探索</title></titles><dates></dates><publisher>郑州大学</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[41]。目前，对磁响应材料开展研究较多的有吸附分离（如图1.3所示）、光学显示、自由基捕获等ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[42-46]。图1.3磁响应材料对CO2的吸附/脱附示意图ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>1921</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[44]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1921</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1619406747">1921</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,Haiqing</author><author>Sadiq,MuhammadMunir</author><author>Suzuki,Kiyonori</author><author>Ricco,Raffaele</author><author>Doblin,Christian</author><author>Hill,AnitaJ.</author><author>Lim,Seng</author><author>Falcaro,Paolo</author><author>Hill,MatthewR.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MagneticMetal-OrganicFrameworksforEfficientCarbonDioxideCaptureandRemoteTriggerRelease</title><secondary-title>AdvancedMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedMaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>1839-1844</pages><volume>28</volume><number>9</number><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>Mar2</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0935-9648</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000372176200016</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000372176200016</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/adma.201505320</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[44]Fig.1.3Schematicdiagramoftheadsorption/desorptionofCO2bymagneticallyresponsivematerials1.4pH响应材料所谓pH响应材料，就是由于环境中pH值的改变，材料上可离子化的有机基团通过提供或者接受质子，从而引发材料的体积、渗透性及溶解度等性质的改变，并且这种变化是基于分子水平的刺激响应性变化，因此，pH响应材料具有优良的重现性ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Feng</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1591</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[47]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1591</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1619335454">1591</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Feng,Chun</author><author>Li,Yongjun</author><author>Yang,Dong</author><author>Hu,Jianhua</author><author>Zhang,Xiaohuan</author><author>Huang,Xiaoyu</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Well-definedgraftcopolymers:fromcontrolledsynthesistomultipurposeapplications</title><secondary-title>ChemicalSocietyReviews</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalSocietyReviews</full-title></periodical><pages>1282-1295</pages><volume>40</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>2011</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0306-0012</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000287585000010</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000287585000010</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/b921358a</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[47]。根据pH响应材料上所携带的有机基团不同，主要可分为阴离子型、阳离子型和共价型三类。由于人体内各部位的pH值不同，相对于其他刺激响应材料，pH响应材料由于其特殊性，主要被科研工作者们广泛应用于生物学及临床学，如药物控释（如图1.4所示）和药物输送等ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[48-50]。图1.4pH响应材料控制释放抗癌药物示意图Fig.1.4SchematicdiagramofthecontrolledreleaseofanticancerdrugsbypH-responsivematerial1.4其他刺激型响应材料由于刺激响应型材料具有独特的物化性质，近些年对该领域的研究越来越广泛，此外，其他诸如pH响应ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>D.</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>1576</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[51]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1576</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1619081707">1576</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>D.,R.E.</author><author>Snoswell</author><author>R.,K.</author><author>Brill</author><author>B.</author><author>Vincent</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>pH-ResponsiveMicrorodsProducedbyElectric-Field-InducedAggregationofColloidalParticles</title><secondary-title>AdvancedMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedMaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>1523-1527</pages><volume>19</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[51]、电响应ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wei</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>1577</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[52]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1577</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="dv0wwvspcx25wte0dpc5s09xvervwfaww9ra"timestamp="1619081772">1577</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wei,Yubo</author><author>Zeng,Qiang</author><author>Huang,Jianzhi</author><author>Hu,Qiong</author><author>Guo,Xinrong</author><author>Wang,Lishi</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Anelectro-responsiveimprintedbiosensorwithswitchableaffinitytowardproteins</title><secondary-title>ChemicalCommunications</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalCommunications</full-title></periodical><pages>9163-9166</pages><volume>54</volume><number>66</number><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>Aug25</date></pub-dates