高中英语语法复习分词与动名词

V-ing&v-ed

II分词：doing&doneI动名词：doingthecontentsofthislessonI动名词：doing1.动名词的功能2.动名词的复合结构3.接动名词的动词和短语4.需要特殊关注的五类动词考点1.动名词的功能主语宾语表语定语

Seeingisbelieving.

Herfavouritejobisteaching.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Hehasareadingroom.

现在分词作定语主要表示动作和用途（主动的、进行的动作）。

awaitingcar=thecarthatiswaiting

asleepingchild熟睡的孩子

Thegirlstandingthereismysister.站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。

[注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。动名词作定语表示用途：

thewaitingroom=theroomforwaiting候车室

aworkingmethod工作方法

Hehasareadingroom.他有一个书房。2.动名词的复合结构

你的到来使我们感到很高兴。老师建议我们明天早上出发。我做梦都想我家门前有条河。Tom很想今年能有机会出国。Yourcomingmakesusveryhappy.Theteachersuggestedus/ourstartingtomorrowmorning.Idreamoftherebeingariverinfrontofmyhouse.Tomwantstheretobeachancetogoabroadthisyear.3.接动名词的动词和短语

admit,appreciate,avoid,considerdelay,enjoy,escape,imagineexcuse,finish,forgive，suggestinclude,keep,mind,riskmiss,practise,resistputoff,,giveup,feellike,can’tstand4.需要特殊关注的五类动词

forget,regret,remembergoon,like,mean,stop,tryallow,advise,forbid,permitneed,require,want,deservestart,begin,continue

II分词一.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成为V+ing,过去分词构成为V+ed。分词也有一般式、过去式、完成式及主动和被动等各种形式。1．作表语2．作定语3．作状语4．作宾语补足语5.现在分词的完成形式和被动形式6.独立结构二.功能(考点)1.现在分词和过去分词的区别a.在时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。

thedevelopingcountriesthedevelopedcountriesboilingwater

boiledwater发展中国家发达国家沸腾的水开水作定语：b.在语态上，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。

theoppressingclass

theoppressedclass

burningfire

burnedskin压迫阶级被压迫阶级燃烧的火焰烧伤的皮肤Haveatry:AdamandEvewereinducedtoeatthe_________(forbid)FruitbySatan.

亚当和夏娃受魔鬼的引诱偷吃了禁果.2.Heisabusinessman_______(grow)richinrecentyears.3.Aman______________(question)nowwasaspy.forbiddengrowingbeingquestioned4.Thesetruckscarrygoods_________(export)toforeigncountries.5.Money_____(spend)ismorethanmoney______(earn).6.Isthisbook_______(write)byHenryJames?7.Hewasthenateacher_________(respect)byallhisstudents.exportedspentearnedwrittenrespected8.Aman_________(respect)otherswillbe________.(respect)9._____(use)carsareverycheap.10.Acoldwindcame_______(blow)inatthewindow.respectingrespectedUsedblowing注意

1.作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况：a.表示正在进行的动作,(变为从句时要用进行时态),如：Tellthechildrenplayingthere

(whoareplayingthere)nottomakesomuchnoise.b.表示经常性的动作,或现在(或当时)的状态,(变为从句时,用一般时态),如：Theylivedinaroomfacing

(=thatfaced)thesouth.

Thehouse

standing(=thatstands)atthecornerofthestreet

wasbuiltin1955.2.过去分词作定语时，表示的动作可以在谓语动词之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：Isthisthebookrecommendedbyourteacher?Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.Heisamanlovedbyall.Ihatetoseeletterswritteninpencil.

注①：如果动作现正在发生，或与谓语的动作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.注②：如果是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如：Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.

TomlookedatJenny,tears________hiseyes,andshoutedoutthewords______inhisheartforyears.C分词的完成式不能作后置定语3.分词还可以作非限制性定语（相当于一个非限制性定语从句），这时，它和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较：AllmybrotherslivinginShanghaiarescientists.Allmybrothers,livinginShanghai,arescientists.Allthelettersinthedrawerwritteninpencilarefrommysister.Allthelettersinthedrawer,writteninpencil,arefrommysister.作状语：合并句子：

Thechildrenranoutoftheroom.Theylaughedandtalkedmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhour.Theywatchedthegame.

Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhour

watchingthegame.

Shesatatthedesk.Shereadanewspaper.Theyfollowedtheguide.Theystartedtoclimb.Theyworkedthisway.Theygreatlyreducedthecost.Wetravelledbyjeep.Wevisitedanumberofcities.Shesatatthedesk

readinganewspaper.Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.Workingthisway,theygreatlyreducedthecost.Travellingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.满足什么条件才可以用分词作状语两个简单句主语一致动作几乎同时发生注意1.分词如果有否定，not的位置由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她联系上。

2.如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：已经和农民工作了好多年，他对他们很了解。由于没有收到回信，他决定再写一封。Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.3.分词作____状语（相当于_______引导的从句），如：Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Havingheardthebadnews,theycried.Beingbusy,myunclehasnotimetotalkwithme.

Whensheturnedaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Aftertheyheardthebadnews,theycried.Becauseheisbusy,myunclehasnotimetotalkwithme.4.分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when,if,while,though,asif,eventhough,unless等连词，为了句意的完整，但省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同，如：假如/当被加热时，水就会变成蒸汽。即使被邀请，我也不会去的。

小女孩很害羞，从来不说话除非别人逗她说。If/Whenheated,waterchangesintosteam.Evenifinvited,Iwon’tgo.Thegirlisveryshy,andneverspeaksuntilspokento.宾语补足语容易混淆的两组概念：双宾语复合宾语=直接宾语+间接宾语=宾语+宾语补足语Mumboughtmeabike.能接复合宾语的词：a.及物动词（keep,leave，

b.介词with/without宾语补足语名词形容词过去分词现在分词介词短语不定式

动词原形get,have,make

watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find

）want,wish,like,expect

被动&完成主动&进行未完成①现在分词做宾语补足语，如：我真抱歉让你等这么久。我能感觉到冷风吹在我脸上。他尽力想让引擎启动起来。那些话让我们突然大笑起来。注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。

I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.

Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.

Hetriedtostarttheenginerunning.

Thewordsimmediatelysetusalllaughing.②过去分词做宾语补足语，如：他看着电视被从房子里搬走。去年他们把房子重新建了一下。当你说英语时，一定要确保别人听懂你。

你最好把你鞋修一下。注：过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成，并有被动意义。HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadthehouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.You’dbetterhaveyourshoesmended.

在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:独立结构

独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,例如：Herushedintotheroom.Hisfacewascoveredwithsweat.Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Thecompositionfinished,hehandedittotheteacher.Ifweatherpermits,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.

Whenallthingsareconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.Afterthejobwasdone,wewenthome.Asthecompositionwasfinished,hehandedittotheteacher.Weatherpermitting,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.Thejobdone,wewenthome.

Somanystudentsbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.Althoughtheshowerwasover,wecontinuedtomarch.Becausesomanystudentswereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.注：在独立结构中，也可以用现在分词的完成形式，如：Hiscomradeshavingallleftforthefront,hedidn’twanttostayintherear.1._______(give)moretime,hewillmakeafirstclasstennisplayer.2. ________(hear)thatLiYuchunwillgiveaperformanceinthecity,hegotveryexcited.3. Mygrandfatheralwaystellsmethatthe_________(labour)peoplearethewisest peopleintheworld.GivenHearinglabouringHaveatry:4. ______(be)astudentinthenewcentury,weshouldknowwhatishonourablebehaviorandwhatisshameful.5. WhenhearingthenewsthatFrancewasdefeatedintheWorldCup,hefelt ____________(disappoint)becausehelikestheteamverymuch.6. Hesentthecompanyanothere-mail,_________(hope)togetfurtherinformationaboutthejob.7. Unless________(invite)tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.Beingdisappointedhopinginvited8.Those________(remain)hadtofaceallkindsofdifficulties.9.When_______(leave)theairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.10._____(lie)stillinthegrass,_______(wait),heheardthesoundofthewild.remainingleavingLyingwaiting高考链接1.When______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.

A.compared

B.being