苏教版初中生物七年级上册期中复习资料

苏教版初中生物七年级上册期中复习资料七年级复习要点(一二章复习要点)一、知识构建1、显微镜的基本结构和作用:目镜:接近眼睛的镜头。物镜:接近标本的镜头。粗准焦螺旋:一般调节。细准焦螺旋:精细调节。镜筒:连接目镜和物镜。转换器:转换物镜。压片夹:固定玻片。通光孔:通过光线。载物台:放置玻片。遮光器:调节光线强弱(光线强时用小孔，光线弱时用大孔)。反光镜:调节光线强弱(光线强时用平面镜，光线弱时用凹面镜)。镜臂:连接镜筒和镜座，支持作用。镜座:支持作用。2、制作临时玻片的方法:(1)擦——用洁净的纱布将载玻片、盖玻片擦拭干净;(2)滴——用滴管在载玻片中央滴一滴清水(人口腔上皮细胞则用生理盐水);(3)取——取要观察的标本;(4)浸——把材料浸入玻片中央的水滴中;(5)展——展平材料;(6)盖——用镊子夹起盖玻片，使它的一边先接触载玻片上的水滴，然后轻轻盖在生物材料上;(7)染——把一滴碘液滴在盖玻片的一侧，用吸水纸从另一侧吸引，使染液浸润标本的全部(视情况而定，有的不用染色)。3、使用显微镜观察玻片标本的方法:1、将显微镜从镜盒中取出，一手握镜臂，一手托镜座。2、对光(1)选择目镜，转动转换器，使低倍物镜对准通光孔;(2)把较大的光圈对准通过光孔;(3)转动反光镜，从目镜可看到一白亮的视野。3、观察(1)将玻片放到载物台上通光孔中央;(3)转动粗准焦螺旋，直到看清物像为止，最后用细准焦螺旋使物像更清晰;(显微镜下看到的物像是倒像，如果要将周围的物像移于视野中央，则应将标本向物像相反的方向移动。)偏哪往哪移4、整理:实验完毕，准确收放显微镜。4、科学探究的一般方法:提出问题:提出对生活和生产中发现的令人迷惑不解的问题。作出假设:假设是对问题的一种可能的解释。它不是事实，但也不是毫无根据的猜想。实验:是验证假设的基本途径，包括制定计划、实施计划等，科学探究常常需要进行对照实验。在对照实验中，除了实验变量不同外，其他因素都相同。得出结论:分析现象、处理数据，得出结论。实验原则:单一变量和对照原则二、例题解析1(显微镜的使用。(放大倍数、标本移动方向、物像在视野中的成像)例.现有一台显微镜，有两个目镜(放大倍数分别是5X.8X)，两个物镜(放大theprovisionsofHunanprovincesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementresponsibilities>(HunanZhengbanmade2013No.4),resolutelyimplementthesafetyproductionofthepartywithresponsibility,apairofresponsibility."Twoisissuedsafetyproductionadministrationandinspectiontopromotetheresponsibilitiesbearsafetyproductionsupervisiondepartmentsstrictlyandeffectivelyassumedresponsibility.ThethreeistheestablishmentofenterpriseproductionsafetyhiddenWithselfcorrectionselfreportingsystem,promotetheenterprisestoimplementthemainresponsibilityforproductionsafety.Thefouristheintroductionofstrengtheningcountysafetyproductionsupervisionabilityconstructionwork,promotesafeproductionresponsibilitytothegrassroots.3,strictaccountabilityandtargetmanagement.Adheretothe"whoisincharge,whoisresponsibleforthepipeindustrymustpipes,pipeproductionandmanagementmustcontrolsafetymanagementbusinessmustbesafe"principle,theimplementationofsafeproductionsupervisionandstagnationtocure."Theleadershipresponsiblesystem.Productionsafetyofkeytowns,keyenterprisesandkeyproblems,bythetownshipgovernmentandtheDepartmentresponsibleforthestagnationledthelumpsum,totackletough.Tofurtherincreasetheproductionsafetyindexassessment,strictimplementationofsafeproductionof"onevoteveto"awardandrecognitionsystem,strengthenproductionsafetyincentivemechanism(four).Adheretothepoliticalprinciplesagainstunwholesometendenciesexistenceoftheproblemisnotstrictinternalsupervision.Overtheyears,thegloballeadershipteammembersdonothaveanyillegalandotherbadrecords,buttherearestillnotstrict,theimplementationdoesnotsurvivetheproblem.AfewleadingcadresnotstrictlyinaccordancewiththecountyPartycommittee,countygovernmentOnstrengtheningstyleconstructionrequirementsandstyleconstructionsafetysupervisionsystemof"tenprohibitions",tosolvethepeoplemostconcerned,themostdirect,themostrealisticproblemofproductionsafetyasthestartingpointandgoalofallwork,tostrengtheninternalsupervisionontheway,intheperfectpowercontrolmechanismon"letthingsdrift",getfreeinthepoliticalnormsofleadingcadres,someinvolvingmajorprincipleproblemsofambiguousattitude,majorissuesissuesofrightandwrong,itcannotstandupbravely,facetoface,resolutestruggleanddiscredittheviewsofthepartyin2012.Thestyleofthebigconsolidationactivities,cadresandworkers6peoplewere倍数分别是10X.45X),那么这台显微镜观察到细胞数目最多的是()A.5X.45XB.10X.45XC(5X.10XD(8X.45X注:显微镜视野中的像是倒像:左右颠倒，上面颠倒2(制作临时玻片标本的步骤。(以洋葱表皮、口腔上皮细胞玻片制作为例)擦——滴——撕(取)——展——盖——染——观注:口腔上皮使用的是生理盐水。例.下图为临时装片制作过程示意图，制作顺序正确的是()A.????B.????C.????D.????三、练习巩固1、下图是显微镜的结构图请据图回答:(1)调节视野亮度的结构是[],,,,和[],,,((,)标号,,,指,,,,，,,,指,,,,(如果,,,上标有,,,的字样，,,,上标有,,,的字样，所观察到的物像放大,,,倍((,)用显微镜观察材料时发现视野中有异物，如果移动装片，异物也移动，说明异物在,,,,上(如果移动装片，异物不动，说明异物可能在和上(如果换一个目镜，发现异物还在，说明异物在上。(4)当物镜接近玻片标本时，反方向转动粗准焦螺旋使镜筒缓缓上升，此时眼睛应注视[].如果观察的物像不够清晰，应转动[]进行调节。(5)注明显微镜各部位的名称。2、在显微镜的视野中，物象偏左上方时，只有将玻片标本向哪儿推动，才能使物像移动到视野的中央()A.左上方B.左下方C.右上方D.右下方theprovisionsofHunanprovincesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementresponsibilities>(HunanZhengbanmade2013No.4),resolutelyimplementthesafetyproductionofthepartywithresponsibility,apairofresponsibility."Twoisissuedsafetyproductionadministrationandinspectiontopromotetheresponsibilitiesbearsafetyproductionsupervisiondepartmentsstrictlyandeffectivelyassumedresponsibility.ThethreeistheestablishmentofenterpriseproductionsafetyhiddenWithselfcorrectionselfreportingsystem,promotetheenterprisestoimplementthemainresponsibilityforproductionsafety.Thefouristheintroductionofstrengtheningcountysafetyproductionsupervisionabilityconstructionwork,promotesafeproductionresponsibilitytothegrassroots.3,strictaccountabilityandtargetmanagement.Adheretothe"whoisincharge,whoisresponsibleforthepipeindustrymustpipes,pipeproductionandmanagementmustcontrolsafetymanagementbusinessmustbesafe"principle,theimplementationofsafeproductionsupervisionandstagnationtocure."Theleadershipresponsiblesystem.Productionsafetyofkeytowns,keyenterprisesandkeyproblems,bythetownshipgovernmentandtheDepartmentresponsibleforthestagnationledthelumpsum,totackletough.Tofurtherincreasetheproductionsafetyindexassessment,strictimplementationofsafeproductionof"onevoteveto"awardandrecognitionsystem,strengthenproductionsafetyincentivemechanism(four).Adheretothepoliticalprinciplesagainstunwholesometendenciesexistenceoftheproblemisnotstrictinternalsupervision.Overtheyears,thegloballeadershipteammembersdonothaveanyillegalandotherbadrecords,buttherearestillnotstrict,theimplementationdoesnotsurvivetheproblem.AfewleadingcadresnotstrictlyinaccordancewiththecountyPartycommittee,countygovernmentOnstrengtheningstyleconstructionrequirementsandstyleconstructionsafetysupervisionsystemof"tenprohibitions",tosolvethepeoplemostconcerned,themostdirect,themostrealisticproblemofproductionsafetyasthestartingpointandgoalofallwork,tostrengtheninternalsupervisionontheway,intheperfectpowercontrolmechanismon"letthingsdrift",getfreeinthepoliticalnormsofleadingcadres,someinvolvingmajorprincipleproblemsofambiguousattitude,majorissuesissuesofrightandwrong,itcannotstandupbravely,facetoface,resolutestruggleanddiscredittheviewsofthepartyin2012.Thestyleofthebigconsolidationactivities,cadresandworkers6peoplewere3、用显微镜观察临时玻片，转动粗准焦螺旋使镜筒下降，此时眼睛应注视()A.目镜B.物镜C.反光镜D.临时玻片4、使用普通光学显微镜观察物像，首先要对光。这时应选择的物镜是()A.高倍镜B.低倍镜C.40XD.一般没要求5、下列材料可以直接放在显微镜下观察的是()A.手掌B.一本生物书C.口腔上皮的临时装片D.一只蜻蜓6、把写“p”的字母放在显微镜下，可以看到的物像是()A.qB.bC.d七上第三、四章复习要点班级姓名一、课前反馈(每空10分)1(显微镜中和调节光线强弱有关的结构是:和2(制作人口腔上皮细胞，载玻片中央滴的是。(在显微镜视野中看到“P”字，实际字母是。34(显微镜的视野中看到一个视野，说明对光完毕。观察时，应选用目镜。5(当显微镜视野比较模糊，要想让图像更清晰，应选用进行调节。6(用显微镜观察材料时发现视野中有异物，如果移动装片，异物不动，说明异物可能在和上(如果换一个目镜，发现异物还在，说明异物在上。二、知识构建是:纤毛。而且草履虫能趋利避害。三、例题解析根据下图回答问题:(1)结构?的功能是控制的进出，保持的相对稳定。(2)结构?，含有物质，传递。(3)结构?，是进行的重要场所。theprovisionsofHunanprovincesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementresponsibilities>(HunanZhengbanmade2013No.4),resolutelyimplementthesafetyproductionofthepartywithresponsibility,apairofresponsibility."Twoisissuedsafetyproductionadministrationandinspectiontopromotetheresponsibilitiesbearsafetyproductionsupervisiondepartmentsstrictlyandeffectivelyassumedresponsibility.ThethreeistheestablishmentofenterpriseproductionsafetyhiddenWithselfcorrectionselfreportingsystem,promotetheenterprisestoimplementthemainresponsibilityforproductionsafety.Thefouristheintroductionofstrengtheningcountysafetyproductionsupervisionabilityconstructionwork,promotesafeproductionresponsibilitytothegrassroots.3,strictaccountabilityandtargetmanagement.Adheretothe"whoisincharge,whoisresponsibleforthepipeindustrymustpipes,pipeproductionandmanagementmustcontrolsafetymanagementbusinessmustbesafe"principle,theimplementationofsafeproductionsupervisionandstagnationtocure."Theleadershipresponsiblesystem.Productionsafetyofkeytowns,keyenterprisesandkeyproblems,bythetownshipgovernmentandtheDepartmentresponsibleforthestagnationledthelumpsum,totackletough.Tofurtherincreasetheproductionsafetyindexassessment,strictimplementationofsafeproductionof"onevoteveto"awardandrecognitionsystem,strengthenproductionsafetyincentivemechanism(four).Adheretothepoliticalprinciplesagainstunwholesometendenciesexistenceoftheproblemisnotstrictinternalsupervision.Overtheyears,thegloballeadershipteammembersdonothaveanyillegalandotherbadrecords,buttherearestillnotstrict,theimplementationdoesnotsurvivetheproblem.AfewleadingcadresnotstrictlyinaccordancewiththecountyPartycommittee,countygovernmentOnstrengtheningstyleconstructionrequirementsandstyleconstructionsafetysupervisionsystemof"tenprohibitions",tosolvethepeoplemostconcerned,themostdirect,themostrealisticproblemofproductionsafetyasthestartingpointandgoalofallwork,tostrengtheninternalsupervisionontheway,intheperfectpowercontrolmechanismon"letthingsdrift",getfreeinthepoliticalnormsofleadingcadres,someinvolvingmajorprincipleproblemsofambiguousattitude,majorissuesissuesofrightandwrong,itcannotstandupbravely,facetoface,resolutestruggleanddiscredittheviewsofthepartyin2012.Thestyleofthebigconsolidationactivities,cadresandworkers6peoplewere四、练习巩固1.植物体生命活动的基本单位是()A(细胞B(组织C(器官D(系统2(用显微镜观察时,所要观察的生物材料必须是薄而透明的,其原因是:()A.便于放置在显微镜上B.能让光线透过C.不易污染物镜D.易于染色3(下列不属于人体基本组织的是()A(上皮组织B(神经组织C(结缔组织D(输导组织4(下列植物器官中，属于生殖器官的是()A(根B(茎C.叶D(花5(下列关于草履虫的叙述中，错误的是()A(草履虫只有一个细胞B(能够独立生活C(能够趋利避害，适应环境D(不能完成呼吸、生殖等生命活动6(参与人体消化、呼吸、运动、生殖等各种生命活动调节的系统是()A(消化系统和呼吸系统B(消化系统和神经系统C(神经系统和内分泌系统D(呼吸系统和内分泌系统7(多细胞植物体的结构层次是()A.细胞?器官?系统?个体B.细胞?组织?器官?个体C.细胞?组织?系统?个体D.根、茎、叶?花、果实、种子?个体8(下列关于DNA叙述中，正确的是()A(DNA主要分布在蛋白质上B(DNA是主要的遗传物质C(DNA是基因的一个片段D(各种生物体细胞内的DNA数目是一样的9(制作洋葱表皮细胞临时装片时，正确的盖盖玻片的方法是()A(用镊子夹住盖玻片，将盖玻片的一侧接触到载玻片上的水滴，然后轻轻盖上B(用镊子夹住盖玻片，将盖玻片的一侧接触到载玻片上的水滴，然后快速盖上C(用镊子夹住盖玻片，将盖玻片放在载玻片上，推向中央D(用镊子夹住盖玻片，将盖玻片迅速盖在载玻片上10.动植物在基本结构方面的主要区别是动物细胞不具有()A.细胞壁、染色体、液泡B.细胞壁、叶绿体、液泡C.叶绿体、染色体、液泡D.细胞壁、叶绿体、线粒体11(植物细胞细胞质中，与呼吸作用有关的结构是()A(线粒体B(叶绿体C(核糖体D(内质网12(植物细胞细胞质中，与植物光合作用有关的结构是()A(线粒体B(叶绿体C(核糖体D(内质网13(在细胞中能控制细胞内外物质的进出，对保持细胞各种物质的稳定和细胞生命活动的正常进行有重要意义的结构是()theprovisionsofHunanprovincesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementresponsibilities>(HunanZhengbanmade2013No.4),resolutelyimplementthesafetyproductionofthepartywithresponsibility,apairofresponsibility."Twoisissuedsafetyproductionadministrationandinspectiontopromotetheresponsibilitiesbearsafetyproductionsupervisiondepartmentsstrictlyandeffectivelyassumedresponsibility.ThethreeistheestablishmentofenterpriseproductionsafetyhiddenWithselfcorrectionselfreportingsystem,promotetheenterprisestoimplementthemainresponsibilityforproductionsafety.Thefouristheintroductionofstrengtheningcountysafetyproductionsupervisionabilityconstructionwork,promotesafeproductionresponsibilitytothegrassroots.3,strictaccountabilityandtargetmanagement.Adheretothe"whoisincharge,whoisresponsibleforthepipeindustrymustpipes,pipeproductionandmanagementmustcontrolsafetymanagementbusinessmustbesafe"principle,theimplementationofsafeproductionsupervisionandstagnationtocure."Theleadershipresponsiblesystem.Productionsafetyofkeytowns,keyenterprisesandkeyproblems,bythetownshipgovernmentandtheDepartmentresponsibleforthestagnationledthelumpsum,totackletough.Tofurtherincreasetheproductionsafetyindexassessment,strictimplementationofsafeproductionof"onevoteveto"awardandrecognitionsystem,strengthenproductionsafetyincentivemechanism(four).Adheretothepoliticalprinciplesagainstunwholesometendenciesexistenceoftheproblemisnotstrictinternalsupervision.Overtheyears,thegloballeadershipteammembersdonothaveanyillegalandotherbadrecords,buttherearestillnotstrict,theimplementationdoesnotsurvivetheproblem.AfewleadingcadresnotstrictlyinaccordancewiththecountyPartycommittee,countygovernmentOnstrengtheningstyleconstructionrequirementsandstyleconstructionsafetysupervisionsystemof"tenprohibitions",tosolvethepeoplemostconcerned,themostdirect,themostrealisticproblemofproductionsafetyasthestartingpointandgoalofallwork,tostrengtheninternalsupervisionontheway,intheperfectpowercontrolmechanismon"letthingsdrift",getfreeinthepoliticalnormsofleadingcadres,someinvolvingmajorprincipleproblemsofambiguousattitude,majorissuesissuesofrightandwrong,itcannotstandupbravely,facetoface,resolutestruggleanddiscredittheviewsofthepartyin2012.Thestyleofthebigconsolidationactivities,cadresandworkers6peoplewereA(细胞壁B.细胞质C(细胞膜D.细胞核14(洋葱的表皮是一种()A(器官B(保护组织C(上皮组织D(基本组织七上第五章复习资料一、相关知识点1、植物种子的结构(识图:大豆种子结构图)。种子由---------和-------------构成，种子的是最重要的部分，是新植物的幼体。胚由、、和构成。2、植物种子萌发需要的条件。自身条件:具有完整的、有生命力的;储存丰富的营养物质;度过休眠期。外界条件:足够的、充足的和适宜的。探究题:某生物小组为了研究光对豌豆种子萌发的影响，在两个花盆里播下豌豆种子，并设计如下实验:花盆阳光温度水向阳光20?充足A暗室30?充足B(1)该实验所探究影响豌豆种子萌发的因素是。(2)在这一实验中，你认为有无要改正的地方，如果有请你写出整改措施。理由。(3)经过一段时间后，可能观察到的现象及相应结论是:以下三处填(“需要光”、“不需要光”、“不受光的影响”。)A花盆发芽B花盆未发芽，说明豌豆种子的萌发。??A、B花盆都发芽，说明豌豆种子的萌发。?A花盆未发芽B花盆发芽，说明豌豆种子的萌发。3、植物根尖的基本结构和功能根冠:保护作用，分生区:细胞分裂。伸长区:细胞体积增大，伸长。成熟区:具有根毛，增大了吸水的表面积，是吸收水分和无机盐的主要部位。功能:根具有固着、支持、吸收、输导、贮藏等功能。要求:会识图，填空根生长的两个主要原因:分生区的分裂和伸长区的伸长新增考点:植物细胞的吸水和失水theprovisionsofHunanprovincesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementresponsibilities>(HunanZhengbanmade2013No.4),resolutelyimplementthesafetyproductionofthepartywithresponsibility,apairofresponsibility."Twoisissuedsafetyproductionadministrationandinspectiontopromotetheresponsibilitiesbearsafetyproductionsupervisiondepartmentsstrictlyandeffectivelyassumedresponsibility.ThethreeistheestablishmentofenterpriseproductionsafetyhiddenWithselfcorrectionselfreportingsystem,promotetheenterprisestoimplementthemainresponsibilityforproductionsafety.Thefouristheintroductionofstrengtheningcountysafetyproductionsupervisionabilityconstructionwork,promotesafeproductionresponsibilitytothegrassroots.3,strictaccountabilityandtargetmanagement.Adheretothe"whoisincharge,whoisresponsibleforthepipeindustrymustpipes,pipeproductionandmanagementmustcontrolsafetymanagementbusinessmustbesafe"principle,theimplementationofsafeproductionsupervisionandstagnationtocure."Theleadershipresponsiblesystem.Productionsafetyofkeytowns,keyenterprisesandkeyproblems,bythetownshipgovernmentandtheDepartmentresponsibleforthestagnationledthelumpsum,totackletough.Tofurtherincreasetheproductionsafetyindexassessment,strictimplementationofsafeproductionof"onevoteveto"awardandrecognitionsystem,strengthenproductionsafetyincentivemechanism(four).Adheretothepoliticalprinciplesagainstunwholesometendenciesexistenceoftheproblemisnotstrictinternalsupervision.Overtheyears,thegloballeadershipteammembersdonothaveanyillegalandotherbadrecords,buttherearestillnotstrict,theimplementationdoesnotsurvivetheproblem.AfewleadingcadresnotstrictlyinaccordancewiththecountyPartycommittee,countygovernmentOnstrengtheningstyleconstructionrequirementsandstyleconstructionsafetysupervisionsystemof"tenprohibitions",tosolvethepeoplemostconcerned,themostdirect,themostrealisticproblemofproductionsafetyasthestartingpointandgoalofallwork,tostrengtheninternalsupervisionontheway,intheperfectpowercontrolmechanismon"letthingsdrift",getfreeinthepoliticalnormsofleadingcadres,someinvolvingmajorprincipleproblemsofambiguousattitude,majorissuesissuesofrightandwrong,itcannotstandupbravely,facetoface,resolutestruggleanddiscredittheviewsofthepartyin2012.Thestyleofthebigconsolidationactivities,cadresandworkers6peopleweretheprovisionsofHunanprovincesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementresponsibilities>(HunanZhengbanmade2013No.4),resolutelyimplementthesafetyproductionofthepartywithresponsibility,apairofresponsibility."Twoisissuedsafetyproductionadministrationandinspectiontopromotetheresponsibilitiesbearsafetyproductionsupervisiondepartmentsstrictlyandeffectivelyassumedresponsibility.ThethreeistheestablishmentofenterpriseproductionsafetyhiddenWithselfcorrectionselfreportingsystem,promotetheenterprisestoimplementthemainresponsibilityforproductionsafety.Thefouristheintroductionofstrengtheningcountysa