英国皇室历史

ThehistoryofBritishroyalfamilykingdomofEngland（871—1707）

Themonarchy（君主）oftheKingdomofEnglandbeganwithAlfredtheGreatandendedwithQueenAnne,whobecameQueenofGreatBritainwhenEnglandmergedwithScotlandtoformaunionin1707.

KingdomofGreatBritain（1707—1801）

(ScotlandandEngland)TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland（1801—present）

(England,scotlandandNorthernIreland)

Therehavebeen12monarchsofGreatBritainandtheUnitedKingdom.AnewKingdomofGreatBritainwasformedon1May1707withthemergeroftheKingdomofEnglandandtheKingdomofScotland,whichhadbeeninpersonalunionundertheHouseofStuartsince24March1603.On1January1801,GreatBritainmergedwiththeKingdomofIrelandtoformtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Itsnamewasamendedon12April1927totheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.单击此处添加标题文字ThefirsthouseinBritish'shistoryHouseofWessex（威塞克斯王朝）

AlfredtheGreat（阿尔弗雷德大帝）wasKingofWessexfrom871to899.AlfredsuccessfullydefendedhiskingdomagainsttheVikingattemptatconquest,andbythetimeofhisdeathhadbecomethedominantrulerinEngland.HeistheonlyEnglishmonarchtobeaccordedtheepithet"theGreat".AlfredwasthefirstKingoftheWestSaxonstostylehimself"KingoftheAnglo-Saxons".HenryVIII（亨利八世）wasKingofEnglanduntilhisdeath.Besideshissixmarriages,HenryVIIIisknownforhisroleintheseparationoftheChurchofEnglandfromtheRomanCatholicChurch.（与罗马天主教会决裂）HisdisagreementswiththePopeledtohisseparationoftheChurchofEnglandfrompapalauthority.HebecametheSupremeHeadoftheChurchofEngland.(英国教会的最高负责人）ElizabethIofEngland（伊丽莎白一世）ElizabethIwasQueenofEnglandandIrelanduntilherdeath.SometimescalledTheVirginQueen,(童贞女王）orGoodQueenBess（好女王贝丝）,thechildlessElizabethwasthelastmonarchoftheTudordynasty.Elizabeth'sreignisknownastheElizabethanera.

QueenVictoria（维多利亚女王）Victoria(1819–1901)wasQueenoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelanduntilherdeath.Herreignof63yearsandsevenmonths,whichislongerthanthatofanyotherBritishmonarchandthelongestofanyfemalemonarchinhistory,isknownastheVictorianera.Itwasaperiodofindustrial,cultural,political,scientific,andmilitarychangewithintheUnitedKingdom,andwasmarkedbyagreatexpansionoftheBritishEmpire.ShewasthelastBritishmonarchoftheHo