初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：高一英语必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（暑假单元自测）（原卷版）

Unit4NaturalDisasters单元自测卷（人教版）（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（基础题）和第Ⅱ卷（提升题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷一．单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）1.Theeruptionofthis_________(火山)wouldbedestructive.2.Therisingpriceoffuelislargelyaresultofanindependencebetween_______(供应)anddemand.3.Theyescapedthroughan__________(紧急)exitandcalledthepolice.4.IfyouchooseanarticleinFrench,pleasestillwriteyour___________(概要).5.Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleorno__________(效果).6.Thepresidentwill_____________(发表)aspeechoneducation.7.Mymotheroftenremindsme,“Stay_____________(镇静)”,andIneedthatadvicefrequently.8.Mary__________(轻拍)herforeheadandlookedannoyedwithherself.9.InthePacificsuchstormsarecalledcyclones(旋风),whileintheAtlanticaretypicallycalled________(飓风).10.Theplane_________(坠毁)mysteriouslyneartheisland.二．单词变形（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）11.Ifcancersarespottedearly,thereisahighchanceof__________(survive).12.Thereisworldwideconcernaboutthe_________(destroy)oftherainforests.13.Iwaslookingformyhandbag,which_________(bury)underapileofbooks.14.Thestreamhasfrozenupandyoucanseethefish________(trap)intheice.15.Thankstorecentresearch,_________(effect)treatmentsareavailable.16.Wearemovedintoacabinwith________(electric)butnorunningwater.17.Thedambrokedownandasaresulttheland________(flood).18.Hefelttoo_______(shock)tomove.Hisworldhadbeenturnedupsidedown.19.Dryhaircan_______(damage)bywashingittoofrequently.20.MostpartsofAfricancountrieshavesufferedfrom________(dry)inrecentyears.21.Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygas________(come)outofit.22.Mikeranoutofthefieldslookingforplaces_______(hide),andfishjumpedoutofthewater.23.Butcity’sonemillionpeople_______(be)asleepasusualthatnight.24.Two______(three)ofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.25.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake________(be)morethan400,000.26.Water,foodandelectricitywerehard______(get).27.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soilderstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedand____(bury)thedead.28.Indian_______(office)saidasmanyas1,900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.29.Another254werefound_______(die)inThailandand54inthreeothercountries.30.InsouthernThailand,1,900people_______(hurt)andmanymoreweremissing,localofficialssaid.三．短语填空（10分）31.Strongwindsjust_________mostofthedust.（吹散）32.NowIcanwalktowork__________goingbycar.（代替，而不是）33.Ityoudon’tknowaword,_______it_______inthedictionary.（查阅）34.Thecitypolice________roadblockstocheckpassingvehicles.（设立）35.Inotherwords,youaretreatingtheworkers_______theyweremachines.（仿佛）36.Shelookedatherson________,waitingforhimtotellherthatshehadmisunderstoodeverything.（吃惊）37.Thatafternoon,thesquirrelcametoourbackyard________（像往常一样）38.Thefirefighters_______thebigfire,thoughtheburningbuildingmightfalldownatanymoment.（冲进）39.Earthquakescanleavecitiesandcountries________.(废墟)40.Peopleoftenhopeallgoodthingswon’t_____________.（结束）第Ⅱ卷四．完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）IarrivedatthisvillageinAsiatwoweeksagowithagroupofclassmatesfromOhioUniversity.Youmighthaveseenthenewstalkingaboutthe41.Weareheretohelpthem42fromtherecenttyphoon.Althoughweweretoldwhatwemightexpect,itwasstillabit43togetusedtothegravity(严重性)ofthesituation.Forexample,wehaveto44watereverydaytohavesomethingsafetodrink.Also,thereisnoextra45,sowehavetostayintents.Thereisalsono46,whichmeansthattherearenorefrigeratorsorlights.Inadditiontoprovidingfoodforthe47,wemustalsofeedourselves,whichtakessomecreativityaswemust48overafireandmostdaysseeaheavyrainfall.49,wehavebeenabletomakeadjustmentandaredoingwell.Inadditiontohelping50thevillageandsavetheharvest,wehavealsobeendoing51developmentwork.Thefarmersusedtogotothewelleverymorningtoget52fortheirfields.Wehelped53anewirrigationcanal(灌溉渠),sonowwateringtheirfieldsis54.Hopefully,wecanworkonother55toimprovetheinfrastructure(基础建设)ofthevillagebeforeweleave.41．A．accident B．disaster C．development D．behavior42．A．recover B．hear C．come D．suffer43．A．quick B．difficult C．surprising D．strange44．A．boil B．save C．pour D．research45．A．transport B．food C．clothes D．housing46．A．shop B．forest C．electricity D．atmosphere47．A．reporters B．teachers C．soldiers D．villagers48．A．play B．jump C．cook D．sing49．A．Suddenly B．Luckily C．Generally D．Actually50．A．rebuild B．research C．record D．recommend51．A．heavy B．rapid C．regular D．long-term52．A．paper B．power C．water D．help53．A．giveup B．putup C．pickup D．useup54．A．easier B．busier C．slower D．louder55．A．studies B．standards C．projects D．titles五．阅读理解（满分40分）ACampusResourcesBookstoreThebookstoressupplyrequiredandrecommendedtextbooks,referencematerials,andcollegesportswear.Youcanbuyorrenttextbooks.AccessmoredetailsaboutthebookstoreonMyMacomb.Locations:SouthCampusKBuilding586.445.7385CenterCampusPBuilding586.286.2093LibraryMacombCommunityCollege’sLibrarycollectionscontainprintandmultimediamaterialscoveringawiderangeoftopics.Eachcampuslibraryfeaturesresourcesintheprogramareasofferedatthatlocation.CenterCampusfocusesonNursing,PublicSafety,andEarlyChildhoodEducation.TheSouthCampusLibraryhighlightsAppliedTechnology,MediaandCommunicationArts,andEngineeringTechnology.Locations:SouthCampusJBuilding586.445.7401CenterCampusCBuilding586.286.2104CollegeSuccessSkills-CSSK-1200CSSKisathree-credit-hourcoursethatisopentoallstudents.Youwilllearnwhatittakestobeasuccessfulcollegestudent,explorecampusresources,andconnectwithotherstudents.Youwillalsolearngoalsetting,studystrategies,timemanagementandeducationalplanning.Career(职业)DevelopmentandDecisionMaking-LIFE-1010LIFEisathree-credit-hourcourse.Itwillguideyoutoexploreyourinterests,personalityandvaluesasthey’relatetotheworldofwork.Thiscourseissuggestedifyouareundecidedonajobpath,orhaveideasaboutwhatyouwanttodobutareunsurehowtogetthere.Inthisclassyouwilltourcompaniesandtalktoprofessionalsindifferentindustries.56．WherecanyougetmultimediamaterialsinEngineeringTechnology?A．SouthCampusKBuilding

586.445.7385 B．CenterCampusPBuilding

586.286.2093C．SouthCampusJBuilding

586.445.7401 D．CenterCampusCBuilding

586.286.210457．WhyisthecourseLIFEestablished?A．Toguidestudentstoexplorecampusresources. B．Toinspirestudentstodevelopresearchinterests.C．Toencouragestudentstoseteducationalplans. D．Tohelpstudentsmakesuitablecareerchoices.58．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Acourseplan. B．Astudentguide.C．Anacademicarticle. D．Acollegenewspaper.BCanyousurviveanunannouncedstorm?Althoughthereisexpertbroadcastingandweareequippedwithcellphones,there’restillsomeexampleswhentheviolentweathertakesusbysurprise.WhilemostAtlantichurricanesformoffthecoastofAfricagivingplentyofearlywarning,suddenCaribbeanandGulfofMexicohurricanesformandmoverapidlyinlessthanaday’stime,endangeringeveryoneandeverythingintheirpath.There’vebeenoilworkerstrappedofftheshorewhensuddenstormsappeared.Fieldarcheologists(野外考古学家)havebeenstuckincoastalareaswithoutstormwarning.Itwasn’tbutafewdecadesagothataTexasNationalGuardgroupwastrappedonthebeachbyrain-forcedfloodingandhadtorideoutamajorhurricaneduringatrainingexercise.There’vebeenafewcaseswhentravellersweretrappedonanislandorinacoastalareaandunabletoescapeintime.Escapingfromthestorm-threatenedareasisgenerallyachoiceformostofus—butnotforall.EachyearthousandsofislandersacrosstheCaribbeanfacethedangerofhurricaneswithoutsomuchasapublicsheltertohidein.Mostrideoutthestormintheirhomes.Butthere’reafewthingsyoucandotoprepareyourselfforsomeunexpectedemergencies.Beingpreparedfortheunexpectedmaybeyourbestandonlydefense.Ifyou’reheadedoutdoorsforafewdaysorweeks,youshouldalwayscarryaflashlightwithextrabatteries,aGPSdevice,andabasicmedicalbox.Ifyou’retravellinginyourcar,rememberyoumaysufferfromhighwinds.You’dbetternotstayinsidetoavoidbeingblownawayalongwithyourcar.Keepingyourheadandyourcourageupisimportanttosurvivalinanytypeofdanger.Letcommonsenseguideyouandalwaysbepreparedfortheworst.59．Accordingtothetext,mostAtlantichurricanes______.A．formintheCaribbeanSea B．comefromGulfofMexicoC．developoffthecoastofAfrica D．arefromthePacificOcean60．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thebadsituationsofoilworkers. B．Peopletrappedbysuddenstorms.C．Thedangeroftravellingonanisland. D．TheTexasNationalGuardgroup.61．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Togivesomeadvice. B．Toencouragetravelling.C．Tostressthedangerofhurricanes. D．Togivesomewarnings.62．Inwhichpartofawebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthetext?A．Science. B．Sports. C．Life. D．Culture.CTheEarthishometomanyplaceswithextraordinaryandoftenextremeclimates.Intheselocations,dailylifeisshapedbytheneedtoadapttoharshenvironmentalconditions.Fromburningdesertstoice-boundsettlements,natureneverfailstoimpresswithitspoweranddiversity.DeepintheSaharaDesertliesAraouane,Mali,amongthehottestplacesontheplanet.Summersareextremelylongandtough—averagetemperaturescanhit46℃.Strongwindsregularlymoveacrossthedryland,causingrepeatedsandstorms.Evenwithsuchintensesummerheat,thewinterseasonoffersmuchmilderweatherthatisidealforoutdooractivities.AttheotherextremeisOymyakon,Russia,consideredoneofthecoldestinhabitedareasintheworld.Wintertemperaturesusuallystayaround-50℃,andthelowesteverrecordedwas-71.2℃in1924.Inthedepthofwinter,daylightlastsforonlythreehourseachday.Becausethegroundisicyallyear,localpeoplehavedevelopedadietthatincludesrawfish.Yetinsummer,theweatherturnssurprisinglywarmandwet—thesummertemperaturescangetupto34℃.NotfarawayfromOymyakonliesVerkhoyansk,referredtoasthe“coldpole”.ItholdstherecordforthelargestannualtemperaturerangeonEarth-anastonishing106℃.Wintersarebitterlycoldandextended—temperaturesinJanuarycanreachaslowas-70℃,whilesummerscanreach38℃.Thisareaalsoofferstheuniqueexperienceofpolardaysandpolarnights.Closertous,XininginChinaisknownforitssharpdailytemperaturechanges,particularlyinApril.Awarmafternoonmightseetemperaturesaround24℃,perfectforlightclothing,butbynightfall,itcandroptonear0℃,makingheavycoatsnecessary.Thisquickchangeallowspeopletolivethroughtwodifferentseasonsinjustoneday.63．WhatproblemdostrongwindsbringtoAraouane,Mali?A．Theymakewinterweathermuchcolder.B．Theycausefrequentsandstormsonthedryland.C．Theyleadtoextremelyhighsummertemperatures.D．Theydestroytheoutdooractivityareasinwinter.64．WhydolocalpeopleinOymyakoneatrawfish?A．Becauserawfishisdeliciousandpopular.B．Becausethedaylightlastsforonlythreehourseachday.C．Becauseitisatraditionalfoodintheirculture.D．Becausethegroundisfrozenthroughouttheyear.65．WhatcanweinferfromthetextaboutXininginApril?A．Thelowesttemperature. B．Lightclothingtowear.C．Lightandheavyclothingtoprepare. D．Smalltemperaturedifference.66．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．PlaceswithExtraordinaryandExtremeClimates.B．People’sAdaptiontoExtremeClimates.C．TheHottestandColdestPlacesonEarth.D．TemperatureChangesAroundtheWorld.DFrom2025to2026,theglobalclimatehasshownanincreasinglyunstabletrend,withfrequentextremeweathereventssuchassuddenheavyrainstorms,prolongedhightemperatures,rarecoldwavesandstrongunstablestormyweathersweepingacrossmanyregions.Theseclimatedisastershavecausedhugelossestopeople’slivesandproperty,making“adaptationtoextremeclimateandscientificsurvival”ahottopicwidelydiscussedbythepublicin2026.Facedwithfrequentextremeweather,somepeopleholdanegativeattitude,believingthatindividualpoweristoosmalltoresistnaturaldisasters,sotheydonothingtoprepare.Thiskindofthoughtisextremelydangerous.Infact,everyindividualcantakesimpleandeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Forinstance,familiescanpreparespecialemergencysurvivalsuppliescontainingbottledwater,compressedbiscuits,flashlights,batteries,first-aidsuppliesandwarmblankets,whichcansupportlifefor3to5dayswhentrappedbydisasters.Othersover-relyongovernmentrescueandmodernscientificandtechnologicalmeans,ignoringindividualsubjectiveinitiative.Whilegovernmentrescueteamsandadvancedweatherforecastsystemsplayakeyroleindisasterpreventionandrelief,theyoftenneedtimetoarriveatdisasterareas.Duringthisperiod,individualsurvivalawarenessandskillsdeterminewhetherpeoplecansurvivesafely.Forexample,inthesuddenurbanfloodingcausedbyheavyrain,peoplewhoknowtoavoidlowlandareas,undergroundspacesandfast-flowingwaterarefarlesslikelytobeindanger.Scientificsurvivalinthecontextofextremeclimaterequiresthejointeffortsofindividuals,communitiesandthegovernment.Individualsshouldtaketheinitiativetolearnclimatesurvivalknowledgeandparticipateincommunityemergencytraining;communitiesshouldestablishdisasterearlywarningmechanismsandsetclearescaperoutesandshelters;thegovernmentshouldstrengtheninfrastructureconstructiontoresistdisastersandspreadusefullife-savingknowledgethroughmedia,communitiesandschools.Extremeclimateisaseverechallengefacedbyallmankind,butitisnotunconquerable.Aslongaseveryoneestablishesasenseofcrisis,mastersscientificsurvivalmethods,andmakessufficientpreparations,wecangreatlyreducetheharmcausedbyextremeweather.Protectingourselvesinextremeclimateisnotonlyresponsibleforourownlives,butalsoakindofsocialresponsibilitytomaintainsocialstability.67．Whatextremeweatherphenomenaarementionedinthetext?A．Earthquakesandtsunamis. B．Heavyrainstormsandhightemperatures.C．Volcaniceruptionsandmudslides. D．Sandstormsanddroughts.68．Whydoestheauthorthinkrelyingonlyongovernmentrescueisnotenough?A．Governmentrescueisofteninefficient.B．Governmentrescuecannotcoveralldisasterareas.C．Rescueteamsneedtimetoarrive,andindividualskillsmatterduringthisperiod.D．Moderntechnologyismorereliablethangovernmentrescue.69．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdealingwithextremeclimatedisasters?A．Pessimistic. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.70．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ExtremeClimate:AGlobalDisaster.B．IndividualPreparation:KeytoSurvivalinExtremeWeather.C．GovernmentRescue:TheOnlyHopeforDisasters.D．ChallengesofGlobalClimateChange.EForthousandsofyears,firehasbeenaregularnaturalprocessinAustralia,shapingthelandscapeandimpactingtheevolution(进化)ofitsspecies.71Thatistosay,firehasbecomeafundamentalecologicalforce.Australia’stendencyforseverebushfiresisacombinationofclimate,landscape,andignitionsources.Thecontinentisnaturallyhotanddry.72Thus,foreststhereareexceptionallyflammable(易燃的).Strongwindsalsoplayapart,carryingburningpieceslongdistancestostartnewfiresfaraheadofthemainfront.73Manyofthenativeplants,particularlythedominanteucalyptusforests,arenaturallyflammable.Eucalyptustreesarerichinvolatile(挥发的)oilsthatcanturnintogasathightemperatures,creatingahighlyflammableatmosphere.Thesetreesalsodroplargeamountsofbarkandleaves,whichbuildupontheforestfloorasathicklayeroffuel.Thefinalelementisthesourcethatstartsbushfires.Bushfirescanstartfromnaturalcauses,withlightningstrikesbeingthemostcommonduringdrythunderstorms.74Thesecanrangefromaccidentaleventslikesmallburningpiecesfrommachineryorfallenpowerlines,tocarelesslymanagedcampfires,andalsoincludeactsofsettingfiresonpurpose.Theecologicalharmofseverebushfiresishuge,affectingwildlife,plantlife,andthebroaderenvironment.Foranimals,theimmediateimpactisoftendeadly,asfast-movingfiresendangermobilespecies.Theeffectscanbedisastrous,assurvivorsfacealandscapelackingfoodandshelter.75A．Australiahasahighforestcoveragerate.B．Australianplantsandanimalscansurvivefires.C．FirehaslongbeenpartofAustralia’senvironment.D．Thatmeanstheyareatriskofhungerandbeinghunted.E．Thisisoftenworsenedbyclimaticcyclesoflowrainfall.F．Humanactivitiesaretheothermajorcauseofmanyfires.G．ThenatureoftheAustralianbushitselfhelpsfiresspread.六．语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OnMarch28,2025,centralMyanmarsufferedfromastrong7.9earthquake76causedmajordamageinthearea.Thecenteroftheearthquakewasnearthecountry’ssecond-largestcityMandalay.2,719peoplewerekilledinthedisasterand4,521people77(injure).Thedisasterunfoldedintwophases:thefirstearthquakedestroyedbuildings,roadsand78(bridge),whileaftershockscontinuedtocauseproblems.TheearthquakehappenedalongtheSagaingFault(实皆断层),79placewheretheIndianandEurasiantectonicplatesmeet.Overmanyyears,pressurebuiltupbetw