初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：高一英语必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World（暑假单元自测）（解析版）

Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld单元自测卷（人教版）（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（基础题）和第Ⅱ卷（提升题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷一．单词拼写（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1.Itwasa_________________(宽慰)toseehisdaughtercomeback,safeandsound.2.Whatever________(阶段)oflifeyou'reat,you'llcreatepositivechangesinapoorcommunity.3．Thevividpicturedescribesaverycommon________(现象)inoursociety.4.Peopletendtobemisledbytheir___________(先前的)experience.5.What___________(影响)shouldthishaveonhowItreatmychild?6.Onlywithallyourtimeand___________(精力)canyoudothejobwell.7.Haveyoureceivedany___________(奖)inyourpresentcompany?8.Thewritingpractice___________(使能够)hertowritefluently.9.___________(表现)inmanyjobsdependsonhowmuchyouknowandhowwellyouknowthem.10.________(目前)mostkidspreferwatchingTVtoreading.11.Goodluckiswhenan___________(机会)comesalongandyou’repreparedforit.12.Theneedsandopinionsof___________(普通的)workingpeopleweren’tignoredfromthenon.13.Wehaveinvitedfiftypeople________(总共).14.Therentisreasonable,and________(而且),thelocationisperfect.15.Thecomposer'sworksshowamixtureoftraditionalsongsandoriginal______（艺术作品）.1.relief2.stage3.phenomenon4.previous5.impact6.energy7.reward8.enables9.Performance10.Nowadays11.opportunity12.ordinary13.altogether14.moreover15.compositions

二．单词变形（共12小题；每小题1分，满分12分）16．Inspiteofalltheproblems,severaloftheplayersproducedexcellent________(perform)．17．LudwigvanBeethovenwasaGerman________(compose)andpianist.18．________(inspire)byhisexample,wewentonworkingagain.19．Igotno________(satisfy)fromthecustomercomplaindepartment.20．Theloan________(enable)Jantobuythehouse.21．Myimmediate________(react)wastobackdown.22．Thereare________(variety)waystoansweryourquestion.23．Shegotgreat________(satisfy)fromhelpingpeopletolearn.24．Therehavebeengreatadvancesinthe________(treat)ofcancer.25．Itwasimpossibletomake________(assume)aboutpeople'sreaction.26．Theywerecompletely________(absorb)ineachother.27．Weallbreathedasighof________(relieve)whenheleft.16.Performance17.composer18.Inspired19.satisfaction20.enabled21.reaction22.various23.satisfaction24.treatment25.assumptions26.absorbed27.relief三．短语填空（5分）It'sassumedthat...,setup,tryout,inadditionto,beabsorbedin28.Whilethebandis________________,wouldyoucheckonthefood?29.Youwon'tmaketheteamifyoudon't________________.30.________________stressiscausedbytoomuchwork.31.________________hismoviework,Redfordisknownasachampionofenvironmentalcauses.32.He__________________readinganddidn’tfindtheteacherhadcomein.28.settingup

29.tryout

30.It'sassumedthat

31.Inadditionto32.wasabsorbedin四．完成句子（8分）33.I________________________________(能照顾好自己),thankyou.34.I________________________________(如此专注于听音乐)thatIamunawareofthingshappeningroundme.35.Peterhadacaraccidentayearagoand________________________________(从那时起忍受着背痛).36.We________________________________(完成了一半申请表)thismorning.37.Doyouhave________________________________(一种满足感)attheendoftheworkingday?38.Onlineshoppinghasbegunto________________________________(有严重影响)onthetraditionalbookstores.39.Nowdoctorsbelievethey________________________________(已经治愈他的病).40.________________________________(我最庆幸的是),Iwasn'tlate.33.amcapableoflookingaftermyself

34.getsoabsorbedinmusic

35.sufferedfrombackpainfromthenon36.gotthroughhalftheapplicationforms37.asenseofsatisfaction

38.haveaseriousimpact

39.havecuredhimofthedisease

40.Tomygreatrelief/Muchtomyrelief第Ⅱ卷五．完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）Thereareaboutfifteenhundredlanguagesintheworld.Butonlyafewofthemarevery41.Englishisoneofthese.Manypeopleuseit,notonlyinEnglandandtheUS,butalsoinotherpartsoftheworld.About200,000,000peoplespeakitastheirownlanguage.Itisdifficulttosayhowmanypeoplearelearningitasa(n)42language.Millionsofpeopleare43todoso.IsiteasyordifficulttolearnEnglish?Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent44.Haveyouever45theadsofthiskindinthenewspapersormagazines?“LearnEnglishinsixweeks,oryour46back...”“Easyandfunny?OurrecordsandtapeshelpyoumasteryourEnglishinamonth.Fromthefirstdayyour47willbeexcellent.Justsend...”Ofcourse,itnever48quitelikethis.Theonlylanguagethatseemseasytolearnisthemothertongue.Weshould49thatwealllearnedourownlanguagewellwhenwewere50.IfwecouldlearnEnglishinthesameway,itwouldnotseemsodifficult.51whatasmallchilddoes.Helistenstowhatpeoplesay.Hetrieswhathehears.Whenheisusingthelanguage,talkinginit,and52initallthetime,justimaginehowmuchpracticethatgets!Soitis53tosaythatlearningEnglishisaneasythingbecauseitdependsuponalotofpractice.Andpracticeneedsgreateffortand54muchtime.Goodteachers,tapes,books,anddictionarieswill55.Buttheycannotdothestudent’sworkforhim.41．A．difficult B．important C．necessary D．easy42．A．native B．foreign C．useful D．own43．A．learning B．enjoying C．trying D．studying44．A．questions B．problems C．ideas D．answers45．A．heard B．watched C．noticed D．known46．A．knowledge B．time C．money D．English47．A．experience B．action C．habit D．pronunciation48．A．happened B．looked C．seemed D．felt49．A．appreciate B．remember C．search D．think50．A．students B．children C．babies D．grown-ups51．A．Decideon B．Catchon C．Lookthrough D．Thinkof52．A．using B．thinking C．trying D．practicing53．A．hard B．easy C．funny D．silly54．A．uses B．takes C．gets D．costs55．A．do B．work C．help D．master【答案】41．B42．B43．C44．D45．C46．C47．D48．A49．B50．B51．D52．B53．A54．B55．C【导语】文章讲述了英语作为一门重要语言，一直以来被很多广告错误宣传，导致人们认为这门语言很容易学，实际上学好英语需要大量的练习。【详解】41．考查形容词。句意：但是只有少数语言是非常重要的。A.difficult困难的；B.important重要的；C.necessary必要的；D.easy容易的。根据后文“Englishisoneofthese.Manypeopleuseit”可知，英语被很多人使用，说明英语是重要的语言，所以这里说少数语言很重要。42．考查形容词。句意：很难说有多少人把它作为一门外语来学习。A.native本地的；B.foreign外国的；C.useful有用的；D.own自己的。根据常识可知，英语对于非英语母语国家的人来说是外语，所以这里说作为外语学习。43．考查动词。句意：数百万人正在努力这样做。A.learning学习；B.enjoying享受；C.trying尝试，努力；D.studying学习，研究。根据上文“Itisdifficulttosayhowmanypeoplearelearningit”和下文“todoso”可知，数百万人正在努力把英语作为一门外语来学习，trytodosth.表示“努力做某事”。44．考查名词。句意：不同的人可能有不同的答案。A.questions问题；B.problems难题；C.ideas想法，看法；D.answers答案。根据上文“IsiteasyordifficulttolearnEnglish?Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent”可知，对于学英语是容易还是困难，不同人有不同的答案，为上文问题的回答。45．考查动词。句意：你曾经在报纸或杂志上注意到过这种广告吗？A.heard听见；B.watched观看；C.noticed注意到；D.known知道。根据下文“theadsofthiskindinthenewspapersormagazines”可知，这里说在报纸杂志上看到广告并注意到它们。46．考查名词。句意：“六周内学会英语，否则全额退费……”A.knowledge知识；B.time时间；C.money钱；D.English英语。根据上文“LearnEnglishinsixweeks,or”和常识可知，广告承诺学不会英语退钱。47．考查名词。句意：从第一天起，你的发音就会非常出色。A.experience经历；B.action行动；C.habit习惯；D.pronunciation发音。根据上文“OurrecordsandtapeshelpyoumasteryourEnglishinamonth.”可知，录音有助于发音，广告夸大其效果“从第一天起，你的发音就会非常出色”。48．考查动词。句意：当然，事情从来不会像这样发生。A.happened发生；B.looked看上去；C.seemed似乎；D.felt感觉。根据下文“quitelikethis”可知，这里说实际情况不会像广告说的那样发生。49．考查动词。句意：我们应该记住，当我们还是孩子的时候，我们都很好地学会了自己的语言。A.appreciate欣赏，感激；B.remember记得；C.search搜索；D.think思考。根据下文“wealllearnedourownlanguagewell”可知，这里说要记住小时候学母语的情况。50．考查名词。句意：我们应该记住，当我们还是孩子的时候，我们都很好地学会了自己的语言。A.students学生；B.children孩子；C.babies婴儿；D.grown-ups成年人。根据上文“learnedourownlanguage”可知，学母语是在小时候，即，是孩子的时候。51．考查动词短语。句意：想想一个小孩子是怎么做的。A.Decideon决定；B.Catchon理解，明白；C.Lookthrough浏览；D.Thinkof想想。根据下文“whatasmallchilddoes”可知，此处表示想想小孩子学语言的方式。52．考查动词。句意：当他一直使用这种语言、用它交流并且用它思考的时候，想象一下这会得到多少练习！A.using使用；B.thinking思考；C.trying尝试；D.practicing练习。根据上文“Whenheisusingthelanguage,talkinginit”和下文“justimaginehowmuchpracticethatgets”可知，小孩子使用这门语言，用它交流，并且还用它思考。53．考查形容词。句意：所以很难说学英语是一件容易的事情，因为它取决于大量的练习。A.hard困难的；B.easy容易的；C.funny有趣的；D.silly愚蠢的。根据下文“saythatlearningEnglishisaneasythingbecauseitdependsuponalotofpractice”表示学习英语取决于大量练习可知，很难说学英语是一件容易的事情。54．考查动词。句意：练习需要很大的努力并且花费很多时间。A.uses使用；B.takes花费（时间等）；C.gets得到；D.costs花费（金钱）。根据上文“dependsuponalotofpractice.Andpracticeneedsgreateffortand”可知，练习要花费很多时间，“taketime”表示花费时间。55．考查动词。句意：好的老师、磁带、书籍和字典会有帮助。A.do做；B.work工作，有效果；C.help有帮助；D.master掌握。根据上文“Goodteachers,tapes,books,anddictionarieswill”可知，这些东西对学英语有帮助。六．阅读理解（满分40分）ALondoncanbeanexpensivecitytovisitifyougounprepared.IfyougosightseeinginLondonforthefirsttime,itiswisetoinvestinaLondonPass.TheLondonPassisadigitalsightseeingcreditspackagethatgivesyouaccessto80+attractionsinthecitywitharelativelylowercost.Formanyattractionsonthepass,there’snoneedtopre-book.However,somemayhavelimitedcapacity,soyou’llneedtobookinadvance.WhatdoyougetwithTheLondonPass?●Incrediblesavings.●Accesstomorethan80topLondonattractions.●Fastentrytoselectedattractionsandsights.●90-daymoney-backguarantee.GotoTheLondonPassbookingpageandchooseadurationthatsuitsyourtrip—TheLondonPassisavailableforone,two,three,four,five,six,sevenortenconsecutivedays.Downloadthepasstoyourphoneandplanyoursightseeingtourswiththeapp.Whenyougettothegateofanyparticipatingattraction,showyourLondonPassandheadstraightinside,Whatareourbestsellers?●2DayPass:Child£65.00

Adult£99.00●3DayPass:Child£77.00

Adult£116.00●5DayPass:Child£94.00

Adult£144.0056．WhatbenefitscantravelersenjoybybuyingtheLondonPass?A．Gettingmoney-savingtips. B．TouringLondonwithfewerexpenses.C．Havingaccesstomoretouristattractions. D．ChoosingwhicheverLondontouristattraction.57．WhatshouldyoudobeforeusingtheLondonPass?A．Downloadtheapp. B．Bookyourtoursinadvance.C．Askformoretoursuggestions. D．Renewyourpersonalinformation.58．Howmuchshouldyoupayifyouwant3DayPassforacoupleandtwokids?A．£193. B．£270. C．£309. D．£386【答案】56．B57．A58．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦通票的作用以及收费情况。【详解】56．细节理解题。根据第一段中“TheLondonPassisadigitalsightseeingcreditspackagethatgivesyouaccessto80+attractionsinthecitywitharelativelylowercost.(伦敦通票是一种数字观光积分套餐，可以让你以相对较低的成本游览伦敦80多个景点)”可知，伦敦通票可以让旅行者在旅游伦敦时节约一些花费。故选B项。57．细节理解题。根据正文第二段“Downloadthepasstoyourphoneandplanyoursightseeingtourswiththeapp.(将通票下载到你的手机上，用应用程序计划你的观光旅行)”可知，使用伦敦通票前应该下载应用。故选A项。58．细节理解题。根据“●3DayPass:Child£77.00Adult£116.00(●3日通票：儿童77英镑，成人116英镑)”可知，如果你想买一张父母和两个孩子的3日票，你需要付116+116+77+77=386£。故选D项。BWhatwouldlifebelikewithoutcommas(逗号)?Itwouldbequiteconfusing.Takethissimplesentenceasanexample:Let’seatDad!Withoutacomma,Dadbecomesthefood.Addcomma,andDadbecomesapartneratdinner:Let’seat,Dad!Thecommaenablespeopletohaveabetterunderstandingofthesentence.Here’sanotherexample:TomsaidSarahstolethecake.Here,Sarahisthethief.Butaddapairofcommas,andTombecomesthethief:Tom,saidSarah,stolethecake.Theexamplesaboveclearlyshowthatpeoplecannotdowithoutcommasinwriting.Yet,thecommacamefromoralspeeches.Longago,mostpeoplecouldnotread.Theylistenedtothenewsorstoriestoldbythepeoplewhogavespeeches.Thecommabeganassomethingtomarktherestingplaceinasentence.Whenreading,thespeakersknewwheretostopandtakeabreath.Inwriting,commasarelikeshiningredlightsontheroad.Theyrequirethatyouwaitamomentbeforecontinuing.Anddon’taddacommawhenyoufeellikeit.Therearerulesthatpeopleshallnotbreak.Learnthem,andyouwon’tbeeatinganyoneormakingwrongchanges.59．Withoutcommas,lifewouldbe________.A．frightening B．puzzling C．relaxing D．interesting60．Theauthorusestwoexamplesinthepassageto________.A．telljokestoreaders B．showtheimportanceofusingcommasC．tellstoriestoreaders D．showthedifficultyofusingcommas61．Accordingtothelastparagraph,weusecommasbyfollowing________.A．ourfeelings B．ourspeechesC．certainrules D．somefacts62．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．CommasMakeSentencesClear. B．CommasMakeEnglishInteresting.C．CommasMakeWritingEasy. D．CommasMakeSpeechesSurprising.【答案】59．B60．B61．C62．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了逗号在句子中的重要性及其使用规则。【详解】59．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whatwouldlifebelikewithoutcommas(逗号)?Itwouldbequiteconfusing.(没有逗号的生活会是什么样子？这将是相当令人困惑的。)”可知，没有逗号，生活会变得令人困惑。故选B。60．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thecommaenablespeopletohaveabetterunderstandingofthesentence.(逗号使人们能够更好地理解句子。)”和第三段“Theexamplesaboveclearlyshowthatpeoplecannotdowithoutcommasinwriting.(上面的例子清楚地表明，人们在写作中离不开逗号)”可知，作者在文章中用了两个例子来说明使用逗号的重要性。故选B。61．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Anddon’taddacommawhenyoufeellikeit.Therearerulesthatpeopleshallnotbreak.(当你想加逗号的时候，不要加逗号。有些规则是人们不能违反的)”可知，使用逗号要遵循一定的规则。故选C。62．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Thecommaenablespeopletohaveabetterunderstandingofthesentence.(逗号使人们能够更好地理解句子。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了逗号在句子中的重要性，它可以使句子更加清晰易懂。因此，最好的标题是“CommasMakeSentencesClear.(逗号使句子清晰。)”。故选A。CItisnosurprisethattheEnglishlanguagecontainssuchawidevarietyofexpressionsandphrasesincludingdogs,whichhavebeenconstantpartnerswithpeopleforthousandsofyears.Theobservationsofdogbehaviorshaveinspiredustotaketheirindividualcharacteristicsintoourlanguage.Didyourroommatesmakeaterriblemessofthedormroomwhileyouweregone?Youcoulddescribethisterriblestateas“adog’sbreakfast”.ThisBritishphrasemeansadisorganizedstateofthingsorabadmixofdifferentthings.Itappearedduringatimewhenpeoplewouldfeedtheirdogsleftoversfromlastnight’sdinnerorotherfooditemstheyhappenedtohaveonhandforbreakfast.Thephrasecreatessuchapowerfulsceneshowingacompletemessifyoutrulypictureit.Interestingly,thephrase“dressedlikeadog’sdinner”isquitedifferent—“someonewhoisoverdressedorimproperlydressed”.Youwouldbe“barkingupthewrongtree”ifyouarefollowingamistakenormisguidedthoughtoraction.Thistermdatesbacktothehuntofraccoon(浣熊)withthehelpofdogs.Fromtimetotime,araccoonfoolsthedogs,whichcrowdaroundatree,barkingloudly,notrealizingthequarryhastakenadifferentway.Manypeopleevendescribetheweatherbyusingtheimageofdogs.The“dogdays”,datingbacktoancientRome,referstothehottestdaysoftheyearinwhichwefeellazyorunabletomakegreatefforts.ItwastheRomanswhofirstnoticedthattheburningheatofthesummerseemedtocomewiththeappearanceofSirius,theso-called“dogstar”,whichwasapartoftheCanisMajor(“bigdog”)constellation(星座).Buteventhecoldestnightshaveinterestingidioms(习惯用语)andhistorywiththem.OneAustralianidiomdescribesthepracticeofsleepingalongsideadogforwarmthduringcoldevenings—averycoldnightmightneedmorethanonedog,soitisa“three-dognight”.Whiledog-relatedidiomsarecommoninuseinmanypeople’severydaylanguagetoday,thestoriesandhistorybehindtheidiomsmayleadusontoanewexcitingjourneyofexploration.63．Whyaretherealargenumberofdog-relatedidiomsinEnglish?A．Peoplesummarizedthewaysdogscooperatewithhumans.B．People’sconstantobservationofdogsinspiredtheidioms.C．Dogsareanimalswithspecialfeaturesfavoredbyhumans.D．Dogs’characteristicsarethemainsourceofEnglishidioms.64．Whichofthefollowingmaybedescribedas“adog’sbreakfast”?A．Adeliciousmeal. B．Amessykitchen.C．Anunsatisfactoryending. D．Animproperly-dressedperson.65．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“quarry”inparagraph3referto?A．Theraccoon. B．Thetree. C．Thehunter. D．Themaster.66．Whatwastheoriginoftheidiom“dogdays”?A．Dogslikedtohangoutinsummer.B．Theheatinsummergotdogsbarking.C．DogswereRomans’favouriteanimalpartners.D．Astarwith“dog”initsnameappearedatthistime.【答案】63．B64．B65．A66．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语中存在大量与狗相关的习语，以及这些习语背后的故事和历史，展现了人们对狗行为的观察如何启发了这些习语的产生。【详解】63．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theobservationsofdogbehaviorshaveinspiredustotaketheirindividualcharacteristicsintoourlanguage.(对狗行为的观察启发我们将它们的个性特征融入我们的语言中。)”可知，人们对狗的不断观察启发了这些与狗相关的习语。故选B项。64．细节理解题。根据第二段“Didyourroommatesmakeaterriblemessofthedormroomwhileyouweregone?Youcoulddescribethisterriblestateas“adog’sbreakfast”.ThisBritishphrasemeansadisorganizedstateofthingsorabadmixofdifferentthings.(你不在的时候，你的室友把宿舍弄得一团糟吗？你可以把这种糟糕的状态描述为“狗的早餐”。这个英国短语意思是事情杂乱无章，或者不同事物的糟糕混合。)”可知，“adog’sbreakfast”指的是杂乱无章的状态，选项B“一个杂乱的厨房”符合这一描述。故选B项。65．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Youwouldbe“barkingupthewrongtree”ifyouarefollowingamistakenormisguidedthoughtoraction.Thistermdatesbacktothehuntofraccoon(浣熊)withthehelpofdogs.Fromtimetotime,araccoonfoolsthedogs,whichcrowdaroundatree,barkingloudly,notrealizingthequarryhastakenadifferentway.(如果你遵循错误或误导性的想法或行动，那你就是“找错对象了”。这个术语可以追溯到在狗的帮助下猎浣熊。时不时地，浣熊会愚弄狗，狗会围着一棵树大声吠叫，却没有意识到已经走了另一条路。)”可知，此处在描述猎浣熊的场景，狗围着树叫，却没意识到猎物走了另一条路，这里的“quarry”指的就是被猎捕的“浣熊”。故选A项。66．细节理解题。根据第四段“The“dogdays”,datingbacktoancientRome,referstothehottestdaysoftheyearinwhichwefeellazyorunabletomakegreatefforts.ItwastheRomanswhofirstnoticedthattheburningheatofthesummerseemedtocomewiththeappearanceofSirius,theso-called“dogstar”,whichwasapartoftheCanisMajor(“bigdog”)constellation(星座).(“三伏天”可以追溯到古罗马，指的是一年中最热的日子，在这些日子里我们会感到懒惰或无法付出很大的努力。是罗马人首先注意到，夏天的酷热似乎随着天狼星的出现而到来，天狼星被称为“狗星”，是大犬座（“大狗”）星座的一部分。)”可知，“三伏天”这个习语的起源是一颗名字中有“狗”的星星在这个时候出现。故选D项。DIt’saclassiccomplaintinrelationships,especiallyromanticones:“Shesaidshewasokaywithmeforgettingherbirthday!Thenwhyisshethrowingdishesinthekitchen?Arethetwothingsrelated?”TheanswerisYES.Communicationismorethanwords.It’showthosewordsaresaid,thetone,theorder,eventhechoiceofaparticularword.It’smulti-dimensional,asexploredbyDeirdreWilsonandDanSperberinMeaningandRelevance.Considerthefollowingexample:PetergotangryandMaryleft;MaryleftandPetergotangry.Thoughidenticalinwords,theirmeaningsdiffercompletely.Thefirstonemayhaveusthinking:Wow,PetermustgetangryoftenifMaryleaves.ThesecondsentencesuggeststhatPeterwantsmorefromMary.Samewords—atotallydifferentcontext.Humanlanguageisnotacode(编码).Truecodeshaveaone-to-onerelationshipwithmeaning.Onesound,onedefinition.Thisiswhatweseewithanimals.WilsonandSperberexplainthat“codedcommunicationworksbestwhenemitter(发出者)andreceivershareexactlythesamecode.”Notsoforhumans.Wecommunicatemorethanthedefinitionsofourwordswouldsuggest.Thisisinferentialcommunication,anditmeansthatweunderstandnotonlythewordsspoken,butthecontextinwhichtheyarespoken.Irony(反语)isagreatexampleofhowpowerfullywecancommunicatecontextwithafewsimplewords.Itismorethanjuststatingtheopposite.Forexample,whenMarysays,afteraboringparty,“Thatwasfun”,sheisneithersayingliterallythatthepartywasfunnorsaying“ironically”thatthepartywasboring.Rather,sheisexpressinganemotion.Threewordsreplaceparagraphs,showcasinglanguage’sefficiency.WilsonandSperberconcludedthathumanlanguagedevelopedandbecamesopowerfulbecauseoftwouniqueabilitiesofhumans:languageandthepowertotrytointerpretmentalstatesofothers.Welookforcontextforthewordswehear.Andweshouldbeverygoodatabsorbingthiscontexttoinfermeaning.67．WhatdoesthecomplaintinParagraph1mainlytellus?A．Theimportanceofrememberingimportantmoments.B．Theinconsistencebetweenwordsandmeaning.C．Thenecessityofindirectcommunication.D．Thepossibilityofargumentinacouple'slife.68．Whatmaymakehumanlanguagedifferentfromtruecodes?A．Thecontextincludedinunderstandingmeanings.B．Thedefinitionsmadebywordsincommunication.C．Thecodedcommunicationbetweenemitterandreceiver.D．Theone-to-onerelationshipbetweenwordandmeaning.69．HowdoesMary’sstatement“Thatwasfun”showaboutirony?A．Itusesfewerwordstosavetime. B．Itusesalongsentencetoshowsimplefeelings.C．Itneedsdetailedexplanationstomakesense. D．Itusesfewerwordsforcomplexmeanings.70．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestincommunication?A．Focusingontheopposite. B．Takinglanguageliterally.C．Readingbeyondthewords. D．Avoidingusingironictones.【答案】67．B68．A69．D70．C【导语】文章主要介绍人类语言交流特点及反语在交流中的作用。【详解】67．推理判断题。根据第一段“Shesaidshewasokaywithmeforgettingherbirthday!Thenwhyisshethrowingdishesinthekitchen?Arethetwothingsrelated?(她说她不介意我忘记她的生日！那她为什么在厨房里摔盘子呢？这两件事有关系吗？)”以及第二段“Communicationismorethanwords.It’showthosewordsaresaid,thetone,theorder,eventhechoiceofaparticularword.(沟通不仅仅是言语，还包括说话的方式、语调、顺序，甚至某个词语的选择)”可推知，第一段的抱怨主要表明了言语和意思之间的不一致。68．细节理解题。根据第三段“Humanlanguageisnotacode(编码).Truecodeshaveaone-to-onerelationshipwithmeaning.Onesound,onedefinition.Thisiswhatweseewithanimals.WilsonandSperberexplainthat“codedcommunicationworksbestwhenemitter(发出者)andreceivershareexactlythesamecode.”Notsoforhumans.Wecommunicatemorethanthedefinitionsofourwordswouldsuggest.Thisisinferentialcommunication,anditmeansthatweunderstandnotonlythewordsspoken,butthecontextinwhichtheyarespoken.(人类语言并非一种编码。真正的编码具有意义与声音之间的一一对应关系，即一个声音对应一个定义。这正是我们观察到动物行为时的情况。威尔逊和斯佩伯指出：“当发出者和接收者使用完全相同的编码时，编码式交流效果最佳。”但人类的情况并非如此。我们的交流远超词语本身所表达的含义。这种交流属于推断性沟通，意味着我们不仅理解所说的话语，还理解其出现的语境)”可知，理解意义时所包含的语境使人类语言不同于真正的编码。69．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Irony(反语)isagreatexampleofhowpowerfullywecancommunicatecontextwithafewsimplewords.Itismorethanjuststatingtheopposite.Forexample,whenMarysays,afteraboringparty,“Thatwasfun”,sheisneithersayingliterallythatthepartywasfunnorsaying“ironically”thatthepartywasboring.Rather,sheisexpressinganemotion.Threewordsreplaceparagraphs,showcasinglanguage’sefficiency.(反语就是一个绝佳的例子，展示了我们如何用寥寥数语就能强有力地传达语境。它不仅仅是表达相反的意思。例如，当玛丽在一场无聊的派对后说“那很有趣”，她既没有字面意思上表示派对很有趣，也没有“讽刺地”说明派对无聊。相反，她是在表达一种情绪。三个词取代了整段文字，充分展现了语言的高效性)”可知，玛丽的陈述“那很有趣”用更少的词表达了复杂的意思，从而说明了反语的特点。70．推理判断题。根据最后一段“WilsonandSperberconcludedthathumanlanguagedevelopedandbecamesopowerfulbecauseoftwouniqueabilitiesofhumans:languageandthepowertotrytointerpretmentalstatesofothers.Welookforcontextforthewordswehear.Andweshouldbeverygoodatabsorbingthiscontexttoinfermeaning.(威尔逊和斯佩伯得出结论：人类语言之所以发展并变得如此强大，是因为人类具备两种独特的能力：语言本身，以及解读他人心理状态的能力。我们会在听到的词语中寻找语境，并且应当非常擅长吸收这些语境以推断其含义)”可推知，作者认为在交流中应该理解话语背后的意思，也就是不仅仅局限于字面意思。EMostofyoumayagreethattobecomeaconversationalorfluentspeakerinChinese,youmustimmerse(沉浸)yourselfinaChinese-speakingenvironmentinChina.71.Luckily,thereareplentyofwaystodosoinyourhomecountry.72AformalChinesecoursegivesyouanenvironmentwhereyoucancutyourselfofffromyournativelanguageandimmerseyourselfinChinese,thoughyoustillhavetotryyourbesttospeakasmuchChineseaspossiblewhencommunicatingwithyourclassmatesandteachers.CreateanimmersiveenvironmentTryputtingstickynotesonallyourhouseholdobjectsinChinesecharactersandpinyinsothatyouareremindedofthemthroughoutyourday.Asanadditionalstep,switchyourmobilephoneandcomputer’sdefault(默认的)languagetoChinese.73.FindalanguagepartnerInaddition,youneedtofindyourselfalanguagepartnertofurtherincreaseyouropportunitiesforspeakingChinese.Ofcourse,itisbettertohaveanativespeakerasalanguagepartner.74.Rememberthegoalhereiscreatinganenvironmentforyoutousethelanguage.75?Ifyouareauniversitystudent,checkoutprogramsofferedbyyourschool’sAsianStudiesorInternationalEducationdepartments.TheyusuallyhostfrequentinternationalcoffeehoursorplentyofeventsinChinese.Itisverylikelythatyoucanfindsomesuitablelanguagepartnersthere.A．SignupforaChineseclassB．WhatkindofpartnersaresuitableforyouC．ThenhowcanyoufindyourselfalanguagepartnerD．ConsumeChinesesocialmediaandentertainmentE．SuchstrategiesmayhelpyoumakeyourenvironmentmoreChineseF．Yetmanyofyoulackthetime,money,ordesiretospendasignificanttimeinChinaG．ButevensomeonethatislearningChinesealongsideyouisalsosuitableforpractice【答案】71．F72．A73．E74．G75．C【导语】想流利说中文未必非要去中国，文中介绍了多种方法：报名中文课、打造中文生活环境、寻找语言搭档，并给出了寻找搭档的具体途径。【详解】71．根据上文“MostofyoumayagreethattobecomeaconversationalorfluentspeakerinChinese,youmustimmerse(沉浸)yourselfinaChinese-speakingenvironmentinChina.(你们大多数人或许都会认同，要想成为流利的中文会话者，就必须置身于一个以中文交流为主的环境中，比如去中国生活一段时间)”以及后文“Luckily,thereareplentyofwaystodosoinyourhomecountry.(幸运的是，在你的本国有很多可行的办法可以做到这一点)”可知，前文说大家普遍认为学中文要去中国的中文环境，后文转折说“好在本国也有很多方法”，F选项“但你们很多人缺少时间、金钱，也不想长期待在中国”完美衔接转折，符合逻辑。72．根据后文“AformalChinesecoursegivesyouanenvironmentwhereyoucancutyourselfofffromyournativelanguageandimmerseyourselfinChinese,thoughyoustillhavetotryyourbesttospeakasmuchChineseaspossiblewhencommunicatingwithyourclassmatesandteachers.(参加正规的中文课程能为你提供一个环境，在这个环境中你可以暂时抛开自己的母语，全身心地投入到学习中文当中。不过，在与同学和老师交流时，你仍需尽力尽可能多地使用中文)”可知，空后整段都在介绍正式中文课程的作用，A选项“报名中文课”正好是这一段的主题句，对应下文。73．根据上文“TryputtingstickynotesonallyourhouseholdobjectsinChinesecharactersandpinyinsothatyouareremindedofthemthroughoutyourday.Asanadditionalstep,switchyourmobilephoneandcomputer’sdefault(默认的)languagetoChinese.(试着在你家里的所有物品上贴上用汉字和拼音标注的便利贴，这样你就能在一天中随时想起它们。另外，还可以将手机和电脑的默认语言设置为中文)”可知，前文介绍了贴中文便签、把电子设备改成中文默认语言这些营造中文环境的方法，E选项“这些方法可以帮你让环境更有中文氛围”总结前文，对应本段“打造沉浸式环境”的主题。74．根据上文“Inaddition,youneedtofindyourselfalanguagepartnertofurtherincreaseyouropportunitiesforspeakingChinese.Ofcourse,itisbettertohaveanativespeakerasalanguagepartner.(此外，你还需要找到一个语言伙伴，以进一步增加你说中文的机会。当然，如果有母语为汉语的人作为你的语言伙伴会更好)”可知，前文说“最好找母语者当语伴”，G选项“但哪怕是和你一起学中文的人也适合练习”承接上文，退一步说明要求，符合逻辑。75．根据后文“Ifyouareauniversitystudent,checkoutprogramsofferedbyyourschool’sAsianStudiesorInternationalEducationdepartments.TheyusuallyhostfrequentinternationalcoffeehoursorplentyofeventsinChinese.Itisverylikelythatyoucanfindsomesuitablelanguagepartnersthere.(如果你是大学生，可以查看你所在学校亚洲研究系或国际教育系提供的课程。他们通常会定期举办国际咖啡交