2025年研究生入学考试英语二考试真题及答案

2025年研究生入学考试英语二考试真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitalminimalism"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyears,advocatingforamoreintentionalandlessclutteredrelationshipwithtechnology.Whilethedigitalrevolutionhasundeniablybroughtunprecedentedconvenienceandconnectivity,ithasalsointroducedabarrageofdistractionsthatcanerodeourabilitytofocusandengagedeeply.Proponentsofdigitalminimalismarguethatwemustreclaimourattention,treatingitasafiniteandvaluableresourceratherthanacommoditytobetradedforengagementmetrics.However,achievingthisstateisnotassimpleasdeletingafewappsorturningoffnotifications.Itrequiresafundamental__1__inhowweviewourdevices.Insteadofseeingthemassourcesofendlessentertainment,weareencouragedtoseethemastoolsthat__2__specificgoals.Thisshiftinperspectiveiscrucialbecausethealgorithms__3__ourattentionaredesignedtobeaddictive.Socialmediaplatforms,forinstance,usevariablerewardschedules—similartoslotmachines—tokeepusers__4__.Thechallengeiscompoundedbythesocialpressuretobeconstantlyavailable.The"fearofmissingout"(FOMO)drivesmanytochecktheirphones__5__,creatingacycleofanxietyandrelief.Tobreakthiscycle,expertssuggesta30-daydetox.Thisperiodallowsindividualstoresettheirdopaminebaselinesand__6__whichdigitalactivitiesaddvaluetotheirlivesandwhichdonot.Duringthisdetox,onemightdiscoverthatthevoidleftbytechnologycanbefilledwithhigh-qualityactivities.Readingbooks,exercising,orengaginginface-to-faceconversationscanprovideasenseof__7__thatscrollingthroughnewsfeedscannot.Theseactivitiesdemandactiveparticipation,fosteringasenseofagencyandcompetencethatpassiveconsumption__8__.Criticsarguethatdigitalminimalismisaprivilege,often__9__bythosewhodonotrelyontechnologyfortheirlivelihoodorsocialconnection.Formany,thedigitalworldisnotjustadistractionbutalifeline.__10__,thecorephilosophyisnotaboutabandoningtechnologyaltogether,butaboutusingitwithgreaterintention.Itisaboutdefiningtherulesofengagementratherthanlettingtheplatformdictatethem.Inaworldwhereourattentionistheprimarycurrencyofthedigitaleconomy,preservingourautonomyisanactofrebellion.1.[A]shift[B]drift[C]shift[D]transfer2.[A]simplify[B]complicate[C]serve[D]frustrate3.[A]ignoring[B]capturing[C]losing[D]dividing4.[A]engaged[B]engrossed[C]hooked[D]bored5.[A]sporadically[B]compulsively[C]logically[D]rarely6.[A]ignore[B]enhance[C]identify[D]conceal7.[A]emptiness[B]satisfaction[C]urgency[D]panic8.[A]offers[B]denies[C]mimics[D]lacks9.[A]adopted[B]rejected[C]misunderstood[D]ignored10.[A]Therefore[B]Furthermore[C]Nevertheless[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hastransformedthelandscapeofworkinthe21stcentury.Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,thismodeloffersflexibilityandautonomythattraditionalemploymentoftenlacks.Workerscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork,aprospectthatappealsparticularlytomillennialsandGenZseekingabetterwork-lifebalance.However,thisflexibilitycomesatacost.Theabsenceofstableemploymentbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,andretirementplanscreatesaprecariousexistenceformanygigworkers.Whenincomeisunpredictableandsafetynetsarenon-existent,asingleillnessoraslowmonthcanleadtofinancialruin.Furthermore,theclassificationofworkersas"independentcontractors"ratherthanemployeesallowscompaniestobypasslaborprotections,shiftingthefinancialriskentirelyontotheindividual.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersentrepreneursandlowerscostsforconsumersthroughincreasedcompetition.Theyclaimthatitdemocratizesaccesstoincomeopportunities,allowingpeopletomonetizeskillsthatwerepreviouslyunderutilized.Yet,thisnarrativeoftenoverlooksthepowerdynamicsatplay.PlatformslikeUberorAirbnbactasintermediariesthatcontrolthetermsofengagement,oftensettingpricesunilaterallyandusingalgorithmstomanageworkerbehaviorwithouthumanoversight.Asthegigeconomymatures,governmentsarefacingpressuretointervene.Somejurisdictionshavestartedreclassifyinggigworkersasemployees,grantingthembasicrights.Thisdebatehighlightsafundamentaltensioninmoderncapitalism:thedesireformarketefficiencyversustheneedforsocialwelfare.Thefutureofworkwilllikelydependonfindingaregulatorybalancethatpreservesthebenefitsofflexibilitywhileensuringthatthemostvulnerableworkersarenotleftbehind.11.Thegigeconomyisattractivetoyoungergenerationsprimarilybecauseit______.[A]offershigherwagesthantraditionaljobs[B]providesgreaterflexibilityandautonomy[C]guaranteeslong-termcareerstability[D]requiresfewerprofessionalskills12.Whatisthemajordrawbackmentionedforgigworkers?[A]Theyhavetoworklongerhours.[B]Theylackjobsecurityandbenefits.[C]Theyfaceintensecompetitionfrompeers.[D]Theyareoftenclassifiedasemployees.13.Theword"precarious"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.[A]stable[B]lucrative[C]insecure[D]illegal14.Whydosomecriticschallengethe"empowerment"narrativeofthegigeconomy?[A]Theybelieveitlowersthequalityofservices.[B]Theythinkitexploitsworkersbyshiftingrisk.[C]Theyargueitisonlysuitablefortech-savvypeople.[D]Theyclaimitdestroystraditionalindustriescompletely.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?[A]Thegigeconomyisthefutureofemployment.[B]Governmentsneedtobangigeconomyplatforms.[C]Thegigeconomypresentsbothopportunitiesandchallenges.[D]Traditionalemploymentissuperiortogigworkinallaspects.Text2Urbanheatislands(UHIs)representagrowingenvironmentalchallengeasglobalurbanizationaccelerates.Anurbanheatislandoccurswhenacityexperiencessignificantlywarmertemperaturesthansurroundingruralareas.Thistemperaturedifferenceisprimarilyduetohumanactivitiesthatmodifythelandsurface.Materialssuchasasphaltandconcrete,whicharecommonlyusedinbuildingsandpavements,havehigherthermalcapacitiesandloweralbedos(reflectivity)thannaturalsurfaces.Consequently,theyabsorbandretainsolarradiation,releasingitslowlyatnightandpreventingthecityfromcoolingdown.TheconsequencesofUHIsaremultifaceted.Theyexacerbateheatwaves,posingseverehealthriskstourbandwellers,particularlytheelderlyandthosewithpre-existinghealthconditions.Theincreaseddemandforairconditioningleadstohigherenergyconsumption,whichinturncreatesmoregreenhousegasemissions,creatingaviciousfeedbackloopthatcontributestoglobalclimatechange.Moreover,thethermalstresscausedbyUHIscandegradewaterqualityasheatedrunoffflowsintostreamsandrivers.MitigationstrategiesforUHIsarediverseandoftenintersectwithurbanplanninginitiatives.Oneeffectiveapproachistheimplementationofgreenroofs,whichinvolvecoveringrooftopswithvegetation.Theseroofsnotonlyprovideinsulationbutalsoabsorbrainfallandreducerunoff.Anotherstrategyisincreasingthealbedoofsurfacesbyusingreflectivematerialsor"coolpavements."Urbanforestry,orthestrategicplantingoftrees,alsoplaysacriticalrole.Treesprovideshadeandreleasemoisturethroughevapotranspiration,anaturalcoolingprocess.However,thesesolutionsrequiresignificantinvestmentandpoliticalwill.Indenselypopulatedcitieswherespaceisatapremium,findingroomforgreenspacescanbedifficult.Furthermore,thebenefitsofmitigationmeasuresareoftendistributedunevenly.Wealthierneighborhoodstendtohavemoretreesandparks,whilelower-incomeareas,oftenhistoricallymarginalized,bearthebruntoftheheat.Addressingurbanheatislandsisthereforenotjustatechnicalissuebutamatterofenvironmentaljustice,requiringequitabledistributionofcoolingresourcesacrossallcommunities.16.Accordingtothetext,urbanheatislandsaremainlycausedby______.[A]globalwarmingandindustrialpollution[B]thelackofairconditioningincities[C]materialsthatabsorbandretainheat[D]thehighdensityofpopulation17.The"viciousfeedbackloop"inParagraph2referstotheprocesswhere______.[A]heatwavescausemorepeopletomovetocities[B]highenergyuseleadstomoreheatandemissions[C]waterqualitydegradesduetothermalstress[D]globalwarmingreducestheeffectivenessofpavements18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasamitigationstrategy?[A]Usinggreenroofs.[B]Plantingmoretrees.[C]Banningprivatevehiclesincities.[D]Usingreflectivematerialsonpavements.19.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthedistributionofcoolingresources?[A]Itiscurrentlyfairandequalinmostcities.[B]Itfavorswealthyneighborhoodsoverpoorones.[C]Itisdeterminedsolelybytechnicalrequirements.[D]Itisimpossibletoachieveindensecities.20.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe______.[A]TheCausesofGlobalWarming[B]UrbanHeatIslands:ChallengesandSolutions[C]TheBenefitsofUrbanForestry[D]EnergyConsumptioninModernCitiesText3Intherealmofpsychology,the"spotlighteffect"isacognitivebiasthatleadspeopletobelievetheyarebeingnoticedmorethantheyactuallyare.ThisphenomenonwasfirstidentifiedbyresearchersTomGilovich,VictoriaMedvec,andKennethSavitsky.Thetermencapsulatesthetendencytooverestimatetheextenttowhichothers'attentioniscenteredonone'sownappearance,actions,andmistakes.Thisbiasoftenstemsfromouregocentricnature.Wearethecentersofourownuniverses,andbecauseweareintenselyfocusedonourownlives,westruggletoimaginethatothersarenotequallyfocusedonus.Forexample,ifapersonspillsadrinkataparty,theymightfeelmortifiedandbelievethateveryonewillremembertheincidentforweeks.Inreality,mostotherguestsarepreoccupiedwiththeirownconcernsorwillforgettheminormishapwithinminutes.Thespotlighteffectcanhavesignificantimplicationsforsocialanxietyandself-esteem.Theconstantfearofbeingjudgedorscrutinizedcanpreventindividualsfromparticipatinginsocialevents,takingrisks,orexpressingtheirtrueselves.Itcreatesabarriertoauthenticconnection,aspeopleputupguardstoprotectthemselvesfromperceivedscrutiny.Understandingthispsychologicalconceptcanbeliberating.Recognizingthateveryoneelseislikelysufferingfromtheirownversionofthespotlighteffectcanfosterempathyandreducesocialpressure.Researchsuggeststhatsimplybeingawareofthisbiascanhelppeoplecorrecttheirthinking.Whenwerealizethatothersaretoobusyworryingabouttheirownspotlighttofocusonours,wecanletgoofunnecessaryanxietyandlivemorefreely.Thisrealizationiscrucialforpersonalgrowth,asitencouragesresilienceandamorerealisticself-assessment.21.The"spotlighteffect"referstothetendencyto______.[A]enjoybeingthecenterofattention[B]underestimateothers'intelligence[C]overestimatehowmuchothersnoticeus[D]avoidsocialinteractionswheneverpossible22.Theunderlyingcauseofthespotlighteffectis______.[A]alackofself-confidence[B]anegocentricviewoftheworld[C]excessivetraininginpublicspeaking[D]thehighfrequencyofsocialgatherings23.TheexampleinParagraph2illustratesthat______.[A]peopleusuallyrememberembarrassingmomentsvividly[B]socialgatheringsareoftenstressfulenvironments[C]wecaremoreaboutourmistakesthanothersdo[D]spillingdrinksisacommonsocialfauxpas24.Howcanawarenessofthespotlighteffecthelppeople?[A]Itmakesthemmoreconfidentinpublicspeaking.[B]Itencouragesthemtoseekmoreattention.[C]Ithelpsthemrealizeothersarelessfocusedonthem.[D]Iteliminatesallformsofsocialanxiety.25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthespotlighteffect?[A]Critical[B]Indifferent[C]Optimistic[D]PessimisticText4TheintegrationofArtificialIntelligence(AI)intothehealthcaresectorpromisestorevolutionizepatientcare,diagnostics,andtreatment.Machinelearningalgorithmscananalyzevastamountsofmedicaldata—fromelectronichealthrecordstomedicalimaging—withaspeedandaccuracythatsurpasshumancapabilitiesinspecifictasks.Forinstance,AIsystemshavedemonstratedremarkableproficiencyindetectingearlysignsofdiseasessuchascancer,oftenidentifyinganomaliesinX-raysorMRIsthatthehumaneyemightmiss.Beyonddiagnostics,AIispoisedtotransformpersonalizedmedicine.Byanalyzingapatient'sgeneticmakeup,lifestyle,andenvironmentalfactors,AIcanpredictindividualsusceptibilitytocertaindiseasesandtailortreatmentplansaccordingly.Thisapproachmovesawayfromthe"one-size-fits-all"model,potentiallyincreasingtheefficacyoftreatmentsandreducingadversesideeffects.Furthermore,AI-driventoolscanassistindrugdiscovery,significantlyshorteningthetimelinefordevelopingnewpharmaceuticalsandreducingcosts.Despitethesepromisingadvancements,theadoptionofAIinhealthcarefacessubstantialethicalandpracticalhurdles.Onemajorconcernisdataprivacyandsecurity.Medicaldataishighlysensitive,andtheriskofbreachesormisuseisasignificantliability.Thereisalsotheissueofalgorithmicbias.IfthedatausedtotrainAImodelsisnotdiverse,thealgorithmsmayperpetuateexistinghealthdisparities,providinglessaccuratediagnosesforminoritypopulations.Additionally,thereisthe"blackbox"problem.Manydeeplearningmodelsoperateinwaysthatarenottransparentorexplainable,eventotheircreators.Inamedicalcontext,wheretrustandunderstandingareparamount,relyingona"blackbox"forlife-or-deathdecisionsisproblematic.Doctorsandpatientsneedtounderstandtherationalebehindadiagnosisortreatmentrecommendation.Consequently,thefutureofAIinhealthcareliesnotinreplacinghumandoctorsbutincreatingacollaborativeecosystemwhereAIaugmentshumanintelligence,providingdecisionsupportwhilehumansretainultimateaccountability.26.Accordingtothetext,AIexcelsinhealthcareby______.[A]replacinghumandoctorsentirely[B]performingsurgerywithhighprecision[C]analyzingdatafasterandmoreaccuratelythanhumans[D]reducingthecostofmedicalinsurance27.Personalizedmedicine,aidedbyAI,aimsto______.[A]providethesametreatmenttoeveryone[B]focussolelyongeneticfactors[C]customizetreatmentsbasedonindividualdata[D]increasethesideeffectsofmedication28.Whatis"algorithmicbias"asmentionedinParagraph3?[A]ThetendencyofAItofavorexpensivetreatments.[B]Errorscausedbythe"blackbox"natureofAI.[C]Theriskofdatabreachesinmedicalrecords.[D]Inaccurateresultsduetonon-diversetrainingdata.29.The"blackbox"problemrefersto______.[A]thephysicalappearanceofAImachines[B]thelackoftransparencyinhowAImakesdecisions[C]thesecurityrisksassociatedwithcloudstorage[D]thedifficultyintrainingAImodels30.TheauthorconcludesthattheidealroleofAIinhealthcareis______.[A]tooperateindependentlyofhumanoversight[B]toserveasatooltoassisthumandoctors[C]toprioritizeefficiencyoverpatientprivacy[D]tostandardizemedicalpracticesgloballyPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gtofiteachnumberedparagraph.Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]TheRoleofSleepinMemoryConsolidation[B]TheImpactofDietonCognitiveFunction[C]PhysicalExerciseandBrainHealth[D]ManagingStressforMentalClarity[E]TheImportanceofContinuousLearning[F]SocialInteractionandCognitiveReserve[G]TheMythof"Multitasking"31.______Engaginginregularaerobicexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoenhancebrainhealth.Physicalactivityincreasesbloodflowtothebrain,whichdeliversvitaloxygenandnutrients.Italsostimulatesthereleaseofaproteincalledbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF),whichactslikefertilizerforthebrain,promotingthegrowthofnewneuronsandsynapses.Studieshaveconsistentlyshownthatindividualswhoexerciseregularlyperformbetteroncognitivetasksinvolvingmemory,attention,andexecutivefunctioncomparedtosedentaryindividuals.32.______Whilethebrainisnotamuscle,theadage"useitorloseit"applies.Challengingthebrainwithnewandcomplexactivitiesstimulatestheformationofnewneuralpathways.Thiscouldinvolvelearninganewlanguage,playingamusicalinstrument,orsolvingpuzzles.Thekeyistomovebeyondroutinetasksthatareperformedonautopilot.Whenwelearnsomethingnew,thebrainstrengthensitsconnections,buildinga"cognitivereserve"thatcanhelpprotectagainstage-relateddeclineandneurodegenerativediseaseslikeAlzheimer's.33.______Manypeoplepridethemselvesontheirabilitytomultitask,believingitmakesthemmoreproductive.However,cognitivesciencesuggeststhatwhatwecallmultitaskingisactuallyrapidtask-switching.Eachtimeweswitchfocus,thereisacognitivecost,leadingtodecreasedproductivityandincreasederrors.Thebrainisdesignedtofocusdeeplyononetaskatatime.Bypracticingmindfulnessandsingle-tasking,wecanimproveourconcentration,producehigherqualitywork,andreducementalfatigue.34.______Whatweeathasaprofoundimpactonhowourbrainfunctions.Thebrainconsumesroughly20%ofthebody'scaloricenergy,soitrequiresasteadysupplyofhigh-qualityfuel.Dietsrichinrefinedsugarsandprocessedfoodscanleadtoinflammationandoxidativestress,whichhavebeenlinkedtoimpairedmemoryandmooddisorders.Conversely,aMediterranean-stylediet,richinomega-3fattyacids,antioxidants,andwholegrains,hasbeenassociatedwithbettercognitiveperformanceandalowerriskofdementia.35.______Sleepisnotmerelyapassivestateofrestbutanactiveprocessessentialforbrainmaintenance.Duringsleep,thebrainclearsouttoxinsthataccumulateduringwakinghours,includingbeta-amyloid,aproteinassociatedwithAlzheimer'sdisease.Furthermore,sleepplaysacriticalroleinmemoryconsolidation—theprocessoftransferringshort-termmemoriestolong-termstorage.Chronicsleepdeprivationdisruptstheseprocesses,impairinglearning,judgment,andemotionalregulation.SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Therapidpaceofurbanizationhasbroughtaboutsignificantchangesinhumanlifestyleandenvironmentalconditions.Whilecitiesoffereconomicopportunitiesandculturaldiversity,theyalsoposeuniquechallengestomentalandphysicalwell-being.Thedensityofurbanlivingcanleadtoincreasedstresslevels,asindividualsnavigatecrowdedspacesandconstantsensorystimulation.Moreover,thedisconnectionfromnatureinconcretejunglescanexacerbatefeelingsofisolationandanxiety.However,urbanplanningstrategiesthatprioritizegreenspacesandsustainableinfrastructurecanmitigatethesenegativeeffects.Byintegratingparks,communitygardens,andwalkableneighborhoods,citiescanbecomehealthierenvironmentsfortheirinhabitants.Ultimately,thegoalistocreateurbanspacesthatfosternotjusteconomicgrowth,butalsohumanflourishing.SectionIVWritingPartADirections:SupposeyouarethechairmanoftheStudentUnionofyouruniversity.Writeanoticetoinformallstudentsofalectureon"CareerPlanningfortheDigitalAge."ThelecturewillbegivenbyProfessorLifromtheSchoolofManagement.Youshouldclearlystatethepurpose,time,place,andcontentofthelecture.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.Use"TheStudentUnion"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)(ChartDescription:Thebarchartillustratesthechangesinthereadinghabitsofresidentsinacertaincityfrom2019to2023.Therearethreecategories:E-books,PaperBooks,andAudiobooks.PaperBooks:Startedat60%in2019,decreasedgraduallyto45%in2023.E-books:Startedat25%in2019,increasedsteadilyto40%in2023.Audiobooks:Startedat15%in2019,showedaslightincreaseto15%in2021,thenasharperriseto25%in2023.)***参考答案与详细解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[A]shift解析：本句意为“实现这种状态需要一种根本性的______”。根据后文“Insteadofseeingthem...weareencouragedtoseethem...”可知，这是一种观念上的转变。shift意为“改变，转变”，符合语境。drift意为“漂移，drift”；transfer意为“转移”。此处指观念的改变，shift最为贴切。2.[C]serve解析：句意“我们被鼓励把它们看作是______特定目标的工具”。工具是用来服务或实现目标的。servegoals意为“服务于目标/实现目标”。simplify（简化）、complicate（使复杂）、frustrate（使受挫）均不符合逻辑。3.[B]capturing解析：句意“因为______我们注意力的算法被设计成具有成瘾性”。captureattention是固定搭配，意为“吸引/抓住注意力”。ignoring（忽视）、losing（失去）、dividing（分割）均与语境相反。4.[C]hooked解析：句意“类似于老虎机，让用户______”。前文提到addictive（成瘾的），这里需要一个表示“上钩、着迷”的词。hooked口语中常用来表示“上瘾的，入迷的”。engaged（从事的，忙于）和engrossed（全神贯注的）虽然也有关注的意思，但hooked更能体现算法成瘾性的负面语境。5.[B]compulsively解析：句意“FOMO驱使许多人______查看手机”。compulsively意为“强迫性地，不由自主地”，符合FOMO导致的无法控制的行为。sporadically（零星地）、logically（逻辑地）、rarely（很少地）均不符合。6.[C]identify解析：句意“分辨哪些数字活动为他们的生活增加了价值”。identify意为“识别，分辨”。ignore（忽视）、enhance（增强）、conceal（隐藏）不符合句意。7.[B]satisfaction解析：句意“这些活动能提供一种刷新闻流无法提供的______”。根据上下文，阅读、运动等高质量活动能带来满足感。satisfaction（满足感）符合语境。emptiness（空虚）、urgency（紧迫）、panic（恐慌）是负面词汇，不符合此处积极对比的语境。8.[D]lacks解析：句意“fosteringasenseofagency...thatpassiveconsumption______”。被动消费缺乏这种能动感和胜任感。lacks（缺乏）符合逻辑。offers（提供）、denies（否认）、mimics（模仿）不正确。9.[A]adopted解析：句意“批评者认为数字极简主义是一种特权，通常被那些不依赖技术谋生的人______”。beadoptedby意为“被……采纳/奉行”。rejected（拒绝）、misunderstood（误解）、ignored（忽视）与后文“privilege”（特权）的语境不搭，通常特权是被享有或采纳的。10.[C]Nevertheless解析：前文提到批评意见（认为这是特权），后文提到“核心理念不是完全抛弃技术……”，这是在承认批评的同时转折回到主旨。Nevertheless（然而，尽管如此）符合逻辑。Therefore（因此）、Furthermore（此外）、Conversely（相反地）逻辑不通。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText111.[B]providesgreaterflexibilityandautonomy解析：细节题。根据第一段第二句“thismodeloffersflexibilityandautonomythattraditionalemploymentoftenlacks”以及“appealsparticularlytomillennialsandGenZseekingabetterwork-lifebalance”可知，吸引年轻人的原因是灵活性和自主权。12.[B]Theylackjobsecurityandbenefits.解析：细节题。根据第二段第一句“However,thisflexibilitycomesatacost.”以及第二句“Theabsenceofstableemploymentbenefitssuchashealthinsurance...createsaprecariousexistence”可知，主要缺点是缺乏就业保障和福利。13.[C]insecure解析：词汇题。precarious意为“不稳定的，不安全的”。根据上下文，当收入不可预测且没有安全网时，生活是不稳固的。stable（稳定的）是反义词；lucrative（有利可图的）和illegal（非法的）不符合语境。14.[B]Theythinkitexploitsworkersbyshiftingrisk.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Platforms...controlthetermsofengagement...shiftingthefinancialriskentirelyontotheindividual”可知，批评者认为这种模式通过将风险转嫁给个人来剥削工人，从而质疑其“赋权”的说法。15.[C]Thegigeconomypresentsbothopportunitiesandchallenges.解析：主旨题。文章第一段讲了优势（灵活性），第二段讲了劣势（缺乏福利），第三段讲了赋权背后的控制问题，第四段讲了政府监管的必要性。综合全文，文章探讨了零工经济带来的机遇与挑战并存的情况。Text216.[C]materialsthatabsorbandretainheat解析：细节题。根据第一段第四句“Materialssuchasasphaltandconcrete...absorbandretainsolarradiation”可知，城市热岛主要由吸热材料引起。17.[B]highenergyuseleadstomoreheatandemissions解析：细节题。根据第二段“Theincreaseddemandforairconditioningleadstohigherenergyconsumption,whichinturncreatesmoregreenhousegasemissions,creatingaviciousfeedbackloop”可知，这个恶性循环是指：空调需求增加->能耗增加->温室气体排放增加->气候变化/更热。18.[C]Banningprivatevehiclesincities.解析：细节题。第三段提到了greenroofs(A),coolpavements(D),urbanforestry/trees(B)。只有C选项“禁止私家车”文中未提及。19.[B]Itfavorswealthyneighborhoodsoverpoorones.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wealthierneighborhoodstendtohavemoretreesandparks,whilelower-incomeareas...bearthebruntoftheheat”可知，降温资源的分配是不公平的，富人区更多。20.[B]UrbanHeatIslands:ChallengesandSolutions解析：主旨题。文章第一段介绍城市热岛及其成因（挑战），第二段讲后果，第三段讲缓解措施（方案），第四段讲实施困难。B选项最能概括全文。Text321.[C]overestimatehowmuchothersnoticeus解析：定义题。根据第一段“leadspeopletobelievetheyarebeingnoticedmorethantheyactuallyare”以及“overestimatetheextenttowhichothers'attentioniscenteredonone'sown...”可知，聚光灯效应是指高估别人对我们的关注度。22.[B]anegocentricviewoftheworld解析：细节题。根据第二段第一句“Thisbiasoftenstemsfromouregocentricnature”可知，根源是以自我为中心的天性。23.[C]wecaremoreaboutourmistakesthanothersdo解析：例证题。第二段举了泼洒饮料的例子，当事人觉得大家都记得，但实际上大家很快就会忘记。这说明我们往往比别人更在意自己的错误。24.[C]Ithelpsthemrealizeothersarelessfocusedonthem.解析：细节题。根据最后一段“Whenwerealizethatothersaretoobusyworryingabouttheirownspotlighttofocusonours,wecanletgoofunnecessaryanxiety”可知，意识到这一点能让人明白别人没那么关注自己，从而减少焦虑。25.[C]Optimistic解析：态度题。文章最后提到“Understandingthispsychologicalconceptcanbeliberating...encourageresilience”，作者认为理解这一概念有助于个人成长和减少焦虑，持积极（Optimistic）态度。Text426.[C]analyzingdatafasterandmoreaccuratelythanhumans解析：细节题。根据第一段第二句“Machinelearningalgorithmscananalyzevastamountsofmedicaldata...withaspeedandaccuracythatsurpasshumancapabilities”可知，AI在分析数据方面更快更准。27.[C]customizetreatmentsbasedonindividualdata解析：细节题。根据第二段“tailortreatmentplansaccordingly...movesawayfromthe'one-size-fits-all'model”可知，个性化医疗是根据个人数据定制治疗方案。28.[D]Inaccurateresultsduetonon-diversetrainingdata.解析：细节题。根据第三段“IfthedatausedtotrainAImodelsisnotdiverse,thealgorithmsmayperpetuateexistinghealthdisparities”可知，算法偏见是指训练数据缺乏多样性导致结果不准确或产生歧视。29.[B]thelackoftransparencyinhowAImakesdecisions解析：词汇题。根据第三段“Manydeeplearningmodelsoperateinwaysthatarenottransparentorexplainable”可知，“黑箱”问题是指AI决策过程不透明、无法解释。30.[B]toserveasatooltoassisthumandoctors解析：细节题。根据最后一段“thefutureofAIinhealthcareliesnotinreplacinghumandoctorsbutincreatingacollaborativeecosystemwhereAIaugmentshumanintelligence”可知，AI的角色是辅助人类医生，而不是替代。PartB31.[C]PhysicalExercisean