铁道机车专业英语08-轴箱

个人得分阶段：1、全课时可使用手机，但不能用手机做与课堂无关事情，一经发现本节课上交手机，本节课得分为0.2、答题时不能切屏，否则此项活动得分为0.建议做题前把需要阅读的内容中的生词提前查好写在书上。3、积分规则：每节课所有活动总分前50%（包含）积5分，前50%-80%(包含)积4分，80%-最后积3分。4、填空题或简答题中不分大小写，但复数形式的“s”需自行判断。5、设置加分环节，总积分上加一分一次。distribution

分布prerequisite

前提takeintoaccount

考虑crack开裂deform变形wheel-raillubricationdevice

轮轨润滑装置词汇回顾sidebeam侧梁crossbeam横梁endbeam端梁intermediatebeam

中间梁drawbeam

牵引梁guideframe

导框crack开裂deform变形课前练习一：5分钟答题3.3Elastic

Suspension

Device主要内容：1、弹性悬挂装置的组成；2、轴箱的作用；3、轴箱定位的类型及特点。学习目标：1、掌握弹性悬挂装载的三大组成部件；2、了解轴箱的作用；3、掌握轴箱定位的三种类型，了解各类型定位方式的优缺点。axlebox

轴箱oildamper

油压减振器parameter

参数primarysuspensiondevice一系悬挂装置课堂阅读1回答问题5minp90第一段（加分题）新词预习deflection挠度exert施加secondary

suspensiondevice二系悬挂装置Q1:Whatisthecompositionoftheelasticsuspensiondevices?1、弹性悬挂装置的组成Theelasticsuspensiondeviceincludestheaxlebox,thespringcomponentsandtheoildampers.弹性悬挂装置包括轴箱、弹性元件和油压减振器。Theperformanceoflocomotivedynamicsiscloselyrelatedtothestructuretypeandparametersselectedforthedevice.机车动力学性能与装置的结构型式和参数选择密切相关。elasticsuspensiondevice

axleboxspringcomponentsoildampersparameter参数Primaryandsecondarysuspensiondevicesareusedformodernelectriclocomotives,soastoreducethestiffnessofthewholelocomotivespringdevice,increasethetotalstaticdeflectionofthelocomotive,

improvetheoperationalstabilityofthelocomotiveinvertical,longitudinalandtransversedirections,andreducetheforceexertedfromthelocomotiveontothetrack.1、弹性悬挂装置的组成deflection挠度exert施加Primaryandsecondarysuspensiondevicesareusedformodernelectriclocomotives,soastoreducethestiffnessofthewholelocomotivespringdevice,increasethetotalstaticdeflectionofthelocomotive,

improvetheoperationalstabilityofthelocomotiveinvertical,longitudinalandtransversedirections,andreducetheforceexertedfromthelocomotiveontothetrack.现代电力机车采用一系悬挂和二系悬挂装置，降低了整个机车弹簧装置的刚度，增加了机车的总静挠度，提高了机车垂向、纵向和横向的运行稳定性，减少机车对轨道的作用力。1、弹性悬挂装置的组成axleboxassembly

轴箱总成journal轴颈wheelbase

轴距sprungload簧上载荷translation

翻译、平移新词预习installationinterface安装接口earthingdevice

接地装置speedsensor

速度传感器axletemperaturealarm

轴温报警器课堂练习2回答问题5min，阅读p90最后一段2、轴箱的作用Axleboxassemblyismountedonthejournalsonbothendsoftheaxle,andisusedtofixthewheelbase,

limitthemovingrangeofthewheelset,

transferthesprungloadtotheaxleandtransferthetractionforce,brakingforceandlateralforcefromthewheelsettothebogieframe.轴箱总成安装在车轴两端的轴颈上，用于固定轴距，限制轮对的移动范围，将簧上载荷传递到车轴上，将轮对的牵引力、制动力和侧向力传递到转向架构架上。journal轴颈sprungload簧上载荷Anaxleboxisthemoveablejointconnectingbogieframewiththewheelset.轴箱是连接转向架构架与轮对的活动接头。Inthemeantime,theaxleboxconvertstherollingofthewheelintothetranslationofthelocomotivebodyusingthebearing,andprovidesinstallationinterfacesforbogieaxleendequipment(e.g.earthingdevice,speedsensorandaxletemperaturealarmdevice,etc.).同时，轴箱利用轴承将车轮的滚动转化为车体的平移，并提供转向架轴端设备（如接地装置、速度传感器、轴温报警装置等）的安装接口。2、轴箱的作用installationinterface安装接口2、轴箱的作用-小结①Fixingthewheelbase②Limitingthemovingrangeofthewheelset③Transferring

theloadandforcefromlocomotivebodytowheelset④Convertingtherollingofthewheelintothetranslationofthelocomotivebody⑤Providing

installationinterfacesaxleboxpositioning

轴箱定位runningquality

运行品质shockmitigation

缓震geometric

几何的splay八字形的chevronV字型的guidingslot导槽新词预习inconjunctionwith配合swing

摆动vrange范围clearance间隙wear

磨损huntingmovement

蛇形运动阅读91页，1Axleboxpositioning；第一自然段，完成超星课堂练习二3、轴箱定位Theconnectionbetweentheaxleboxandthebogieframeiscalled“axleboxpositioning”.轴箱与转向架构架的连接方式称为“轴箱定位”。Itsstructureandperformancehavegreatinfluenceontherunningqualityofthelocomotive.它的结构和性能对机车运行品质有很大影响。axleboxpositioning轴箱定位runningquality运行品质Requirementsonaxleboxpositioningare:①

Makesuretheaxleboxcanjumpverticallyrelativetothebogieframeduringtheoperationofthelocomotive,sothatthespringdevicecangivefullplaytotheroleof

shockmitigation;对轴箱定位的要求：①在机车运行中，保证轴箱能相对构架做垂向跳动，使弹簧装置充分发挥缓和冲击的作用。3、轴箱定位Requirementsonaxleboxpositioningare:②

Whenthelocomotivenegotiatesacurvedtrack,makesuretheaxleboxwillhaveasmalllateralmovementrelativetothebogieframe,tofacilitatethegeometriccurvenegotiationbythelocomotive;机车通过曲线时，确保轴箱相对于转向架构架有少量的横向移动量，便于机车通过几何曲线;3、轴箱定位Requirementsonaxleboxpositioningare:③

Whenthereislargelongitudinalstiffnessforthelocomotive,makesurethetractionandbrakingforcecanbetransferred.在机车的纵向有较大刚度时，保证牵引力和制动力能够传递。3、轴箱定位强度：strength;强度是指表示工程材料抵抗断裂和过度变形的力学性能.硬度：hardness;材料局部抵抗硬物压入其表面的能力.刚度：stiffness;材料或结构在受力时抵抗弹性变形的能力。挠度：deflection;挠度是在受力或非均匀温度变化时，杆件轴线在垂直于轴线方向的线位移。扩展Commonpositioningmethodsincludepositioningwithaguideframeandpositioningwithoutaguideframe,amongwhichthepositioningwithoutaguideframeissub-dividedintosplaymetal-rubberstack(chevronrubberspring)positioningandaxleboxlinkrodpositioning(Alstomtype).常见的轴箱定位方式有有导框定位和无导框定位，其中无导框定位又分为八字形橡胶堆式（V字形橡胶弹簧）和轴箱拉杆定位（阿尔斯通式）。3、轴箱定位-分类splaymetal-rubberstack八字形橡胶堆positioningwithaguideframe

chevronrubberspringaxleboxlinkrodpositioning3、轴箱定位阅读91-92页，完成超星课堂练习三1)AxleBoxPositioningwithaGuideFrameAnaxleboxguidingframeisprovidedunderthesidebeamofthebogieframe.在转向架构架下设置轴箱导框。Guidingslotsareprovidedbeforeandaftertheaxleboxbody.在轴箱前后设置导槽。3、轴箱定位Guidingslot导槽1)AxleBoxPositioningwithaGuideFrameTheguidingslotsontheaxleboxareusedinconjunctionwiththeguidingframeonthebogieframeforsliding.轴箱上的导槽与构架上的导框配合滑动。Thustheguidingframepositioningisformed.这样就形成了导框定位。3、轴箱定位

inconjunctionwith配合1)AxleBoxPositioningwithaGuideFrameTheaxleboxmovesupanddownalongtheguidingframeinthebogieframe,andcanalsoswing

appropriatelyintherangeallowedbytheclearancebetweentheguidingframeandtheguidingslot,sothatthewheelsetcanmovelaterallytosomeextent（范围）.轴箱在导框内沿导框上下移动，也能在导框与导槽间隙允许的范围内适当摆动，使轮对有一定横向运动量。3、轴箱定位1)AxleBoxPositioningwithaGuideFrameHowever,thewearofthefrictionsurfaceissevere,andthemaintenancecostishigh;itisdifficultfortheuseandmaintenance;thetransversedisplacementisinelastic,andthedynamiccurvenegotiatingperformanceisnotgood.然而，其摩擦面的磨损严重，维护成本高；运用和维护难度大；横向位移无弹性，曲线通过性能也不好。3、轴箱定位2)splaymetal-rubberstackTypeAxleBoxPositioningAmetalrubbersandwichspringismountedrespectivelyinfrontofandbehindeachaxlebox.在每个轴箱的前后分别安装有金属橡胶夹层弹簧。3、轴箱定位2)splaymetal-rubberstackTypeAxleBoxPositioningItcanwithstandtheweightoftheupperpartandalsoworkasanaxleboxspringtotransferelasticallylongitudinalandtransverseforces.它既能承受上部的重量，又能像轴箱弹簧一样传递弹性的纵向和横向力。3、轴箱定位2)splaymetal-rubberstackTypeAxleBoxPositioningTheadvantagesofthespringareasbelow:lightweightandsimplestructure;beingabletoabsorbaudiovibration;nonoiseinoperationandnowear.这种弹簧的优势是：重量轻，结构简单;能吸收音频振动;运行无噪音，无磨损。3、轴箱定位vibration振动2)splaymetal-rubberstackTypeAxleBoxPositioningHowever,italsohasthefollowingdisadvantages:unstableperformance,influencedgreatlybytemperatureandcomplicatedmanufactureprocess.但也存在性能不稳定、受温度影响较大、制造工艺复杂等缺点。3、轴箱定位3)axleboxlinkrodPositioningTwoaxleboxlugs（凸耳）ofdifferentheightsareprojectedfromthefrontandtherearsidesoftheaxleboxbodyrespectively.Oneaxleboxlinkrodisconnectedtoeachofthelugrespectively.在轴箱体的前后两侧，伸出高低不同的两个轴箱耳，各连接一根轴箱拉杆。3、轴箱定位3)axleboxlinkrodPositioningRubbersleevesaremountedonbothsidesofthepin.橡胶套筒安装在销的两侧。3、轴箱定位3)axleboxlinkrodPositioningTheadvantagesareasbelow:nowearpart,lubricationfree,reductionofmaintenanceworkload;beinggoodfortheimprovementofhuntingmovementandsmallflangewear;theelasti