Unit1ScienceFictionReviewUsefulStructures被动语态课件-高二英语人教版（2019）选择性

Buildupyourvocabulary&ReviewusefulstructuresLearningAboutLanguageUNIT1ScienceFiction人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册Contents课件目录43251课前三分钟

词汇学习VocabularyLeadinReviewusefulstructuresSummarizingHomework6BuildupyourvocabularyEnablethestudentstousetherelevantgrammarflexiblyandauthenticallyintherealsituation.BuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructures—focusingonthereviewofthepassivevoice.020103

LearningObjectivesA.被指控犯有……罪B.把……和……匹配C.意识到；知道D.相似含义E.额外数量F.除非另有证明G.传播消息MatchthevocabularyontheleftwiththeChinesemeaningontheright.similarmeaningsbeawareofspreadthenewsbechargedwithuntilprovenotherwisematch...with...extraamountVocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

A.测试；试验B.消除恐惧C.区分……和……D.揭露危险E.先进的人工智能机器人F.处理任务

G.对……的主要威胁H.就……分享观点MatchthevocabularyontheleftwiththeChinesemeaningontheright.shareopinionondistinguishbetweentestoutadvancedAIrobotuncoveradangermajorthreattodismissthefearhandletasksVocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

BuildupyourvocabularyReplacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsofsimilarmeaningsfromthetext.Rewritethesentencesifnecessary.11.Webelieveheisamanofabsolutehonesty,andtrusthiswordscompletely.2.Henrytoldmethathewasinahurryashehadarrangedtoseethedentistat10:00a.m.3.Rumoursarelikesharpknives,cuttingone’sself-respectintopieces.Weshouldbeawareofthisandnotspreadunkindnewsaround.4.Becauseoftheholiday,thestudentswereallowedtogohomeearly.5.Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumedinnocentuntilprovenotherwise.integrityhadanappointmentwithdignityweredismissednotguiltyVocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

Matcheachwordwiththeproperdefinitionbelow.21income2fee3fare4payment5salary6bonus7saving8wageAmoneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,

bythe

organisationheorsheisworkingforBmoneygivenforworkdone,

goodsreceived,

etc.Cmoneypaidforworkorservices,

typicallyonadailyorweeklybasisDextraamountofmoneyaddedtosomebody’swagesasarewardfor

hardworkorgoodperformanceEmoneyreceivedfromwork,investmentsandsoonFmoneypaidtoaprofessionalpersonororganisationforadviceor

servicesGmoneypaidforajourneyonpublictransport,

suchasthebus,

train,

ortaxiHmoneysavedforaspecialpurposeVocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

Completethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.TheninpairsshareyouropiniononAIdevelopment.3

fascinating

testout

dismiss

science

fiction

morelike

dignity

intelligentItwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityand____________inthefuture.Forexample,robotsfirstappearedinsci-finovels,butnowrobotsoldiershavealreadybeen__________inwar.Robotexpertshavealsobuiltrobotsthatcansee,talk,anddootherthingslikehumans.Althougharobotthatlooks__________ahumanthanamachinecouldmakemanypeopleabituncomfortable,wehavetoadmitthatitisa__________possibility.Sophia,currentlysaidtobethemostadvancedAIrobotintheworld,isagreatexample.Shehasbeeninterviewedmanytimes,science

fictiontestedoutmorelikefascinatingVocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

Completethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.TheninpairsshareyouropiniononAIdevelopment.3appearedonthecoversofmagazines,andbecomethefirstnon-humanintheworldtobegivencitizenshipbyacountry.Whenitcomestogames,2017becameayearinwhichAIdefeatedhumansinsomanygamesthatAIresearcherssaythatitwillnotbelongbeforeAIcanwinatalmosteverything.Sohavewelostthe__________ofbeingthemostintelligentcreature?Maybeinthefuture,asAIbecomesevenmore__________,itwillbecomeamajorthreattohumans.However,somepeople________thisfear.TheybelieveifAIcanhandletaskslikecalculatinganddrivingforus,wewillhavemoretimeforcreating,thinking,and“beinghuman”.

fascinating

testout

dismiss

science

fiction

morelike

dignity

intelligentdignityintelligentdismissVocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

Reviewusefulstructures

—ReviewofthepassivevoicePassiveVoice—MasterTangwascaughtVocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

Task:Whathadhappened?Whydidtheygetannoyed?MasterTangwascaught(byamonster).Whathadhappened?Whydidtheygetannoyed?承受者ThedefinitionofPassiveVoice定义：主语与谓语是被动关系的句子。VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

执行者VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

【思维导图】2.语态概述英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的句子谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

基本结构被动语态的用法1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。2.强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。3.出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分并完成练习Areyoureadytogetfit?WearehappytoannouncethattheCommunitySportsCenterwillsoonbeopentothepubliconceagain.Ourfacilities①havebeenenlargedandredone,andourcenterisnowbiggerandbetterthaneverbefore.Thefinishingtouches②arenowbeingputtoanewswimmingpoolandourworkoutrooms③willhavebeenupdatedwithmodernequipmentbytheendofthismonth.Comebyandcheckthemout!Betterstill,wewillupdateourfitnesscourseseveryfewmonthssothatmorepopularcoursescanbeincluded.Weighttrainingclasses,forexample，④arebeingdesignedand⑤willbeaddedtoourprogrammesoon.Wewillinviteprofessionalathletestobeourcoaches.Weareconfidentthatwehavesomethingforeveryone.Lookingforwardtoseeingyouhere！VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

以上加颜色部分均使用了

语态，其中句

是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是___

;句_____和

是现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是

；句

是将来完成时的被动语态，其构成是____；句

是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是

。被动①have/hasbeendone②④am/is/arebeingdone③will/shallhavebeendone⑤will/shallbedone被动语态的基本结构

一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone将来shall/willbedone—shall/willhavebeendone过去将来should/wouldbedone—should/wouldhavebeendoneVocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

一般现在时的被动语态

am/is/aredoneTheseelectricdevicesareexaminedandfixed

onamonthlybasis.这些电器每月都被检修。一般过去时的被动语态

was/weredoneThesciencefictionnovelwaspublishedin2016.这部科幻小说于2016年出版。一般将来时的被动语态

shall/willbedoneThenewtypeofrobotwillbetestedoutbysomerestaurantsnearthecompany.这种新型机器人将会被公司附近的一些餐馆测试。现在进行时的被动语态am/is/arebeingdoneManyanimalsarebeingkilledandtheirhabitatsarebeingdamaged.许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们的栖息地正在遭到破坏。

经典例句VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

过去进行时的被动语态was/werebeingdoneWhenIarrivedatthegarage,mycarwas

stillbeingrepaired.当我到达汽车修理厂的时候，我的汽车仍在修理中。过去将来时的被动语态should/wouldbedoneThemanagersaidTomwouldbedismissed.经理说汤姆会被解雇。现在完成时的被动语态has/havebeendoneThebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.这本书自1973年上市以来已被译成30种语言。过去完成时的被动语态hadbeendoneThechairwomansaidshehadbeeninvitedtotheparty.女主席说她已经收到晚会的邀请。将来完成时的被动语态shall/willhavebeendoneTheprojectwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下个月末，这项工程将已完成。经典例句VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

[即时训练1]

单句语法填空①Themeeting

(put)offforsomereasonandwewillholdthemeetingnextMonday.②Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaders

(set)upbyanexpertintheschoollastmonth.③Everyone’spay

(increase)nextyearby10percent.④Itisthefirsttimethattheactor’sperformance____________________(recognize)bythedirector.⑤Ihavetotakeataxibecausemycar

(fix)inthegarage.hasbeenputwassetwillbeincreasedhasbeenrecognizedisbeingfixed【名师点津】（解题技巧）1.判断主语是动作发出者还是动作承受者；2.判断语句中的时态(tense)；3.注意过去分词拼写正确；4.注意主谓一致（判断主语的单复数）VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题1.否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。Theboybreathedasighofreliefwhenhearingthathewouldn’tbedismissed.

当听说他不会被开除时，这个男孩松了口气。2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，变被动句时应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而

将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。(1)Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganythingbyus.

我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。(2)Hiswordsmademethrowup.

他的话令我作呕。→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.

[点津]在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，但转换

为被动语态时，则不能省略to。VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

3.带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为

主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.→I’mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.我爸爸现在正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。4.动词短语是一个整体，在主动语态或被动语态中都不可去掉后面的介词或副词。Kidsinthekindergartenarebeingtakengoodcareof.幼儿园的孩子们被照顾得很好。VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

5.主动形式表示被动意义(1)连系动词(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,seem,appear,prove等)后接表语时，一

般用主动形式表示被动意义。Theideasoundsgreat.这个主意听起来棒极了。Thepopcorntheymadelookedwonderfulandtasteddelicious.他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了，吃起来也很美味。(2)当wash,write,sell,open,close,shut,lock,cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily,well

等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。Thiskindofclothwasheseasilyandlastslong.这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父亲给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

(3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。Hishairneedscutting.→Hishairneedstobecut.他的头发需要剪了。(4)beworthdoing→beworthytobedone主动形式表示被动意义。Thenovelisworthreadingagain.→Thenovelisworthytobereadagain.这部小说值得再读一次。VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

[即时训练2]

完成句子①有人看见这个男士进了一家餐馆。Theman

.②她不被允许在花园里玩，也不被允许从图书馆借书。She

orborrowbooks

fromthelibrary.③我不许别人这样跟我说话。I

likethat.④这个博物馆值得再次参观。Themuseumisworth

.wasseentoenterarestaurantwasnotallowed/permittedtoplayinthegardenwillnotbespokentovisitingagainVocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

1.Iamveryhappytobethuspraised.我非常高兴受到如此褒奖。Themagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthelibrary.不允许把这些杂志带出图书馆。Theroomseemstohavebeenbrokeninto.似乎有人闯进过这个房间。IamproudtohavebeenadmittedtoPekingUniversity.我很自豪已被北京大学录取。[总结]动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(tobedone)和完成式(tohavebeendone)。动词不定式的被动语态VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况(1)不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系。Beforetheendofthemeeting,Ihavesomethingimportanttodeclare.

会议结束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。Thereissomuchhomeworktodoeveryday，whichalmostdrivesmemad.

每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。(2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult,hard,easy,comfortable,good等)后，

与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb/sthbe＋adj.＋todo)。

Ourheadmasterlookshardtogetcloseto,butinfactheiseasytogetalongwith.

我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容易相处。VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

(3)“疑问词＋todo”结构Withsomanybooksathand，Tomhadnoideawhichtoreadfirst.手上有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。(4)某些动词，如blame，let(出租)等的不定式用在be后作表语时，用主

动形式表示被动意义。Theapartmentistolet.此公寓出租。VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

[即时训练3]

①Wehavefourreadingpassages

(complete)inthecomingvacation.②Theoldmanfoundthecomputerwasdifficult

(operate).③Iexpected

(inform)ofthechangesintheschedule.④Itturnedoutthathewas

(blame)fortheaccident.⑤Thevillagerwillshowyouthesecretpath

(take).tocompletetooperatetobeinformedtoblametotake返回VocabularyLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

HomeworkLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

Homework

语法达标测验Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.It

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangDynastyand

hasnowbeencompletelyrestored.2.Thewater

(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorning

exercise.3.Themedian(中间值的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis

41and

(expect)toincreaseto42by2050.4.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsbecausetheirownhouse_____________________(decorate).wasbuiltfeltisexpectedisbeingdecoratedHomeworkLeadinBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresSummarizing

5.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulations________________(employ)onlysincethemid-1980s，andareexpensivetoperform

consistentlyoveralargearea.6.Anyonewhohashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworth___________(praise).7.Jonesgottheideaafterhehadtalkedwithasaleswomanwho________________(cheat)ofhermoney.8.Foodsu