初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：专题11 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 课文讲解（暑假预习讲义）（原卷版）

2/14专题11必修第一册Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld课文讲解序号要点聚焦考点一Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld课文解读课文对译解读1课文重点词汇课文结构课文对译解读2考点二Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld课文知识解析深｜研深｜研｜精｜炼考点一课文解读课文对译解读1ReadingandThinking原文呈现ExploretheChinesewritingsystem​①1.Lookatthetitleandpicturebelow.Predictwhatthetextwillbeabout.（what引导的宾语从句）【答案】ThetextmaybeabouttheChinesewritingsystemanditshistoryfromancienttimestothepresentday.2.Readthetextquicklytofindthemainideaofeachparagraph.THECHINESEWRITINGSYSTEM:CONNECTINGTHEPASTAND②THEPRESENTChinaiswidelyknownfor（［对比］beknownas...作为……而闻名；被称作……）itsancientcivilisationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythrough③intomoderntimes,despite④themanyupsanddowns⑤initshistory.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible（关系副词why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，why在从句中作原因状语。）,butoneofthemainfactors⑥hasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage⑦.Itdatesback⑧severalthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu—animalbones⑨andshells⑩onwhichsymbols​⑪werecarved⑫byancientChinesepeople（"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animalbonesandshells。）.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintoday’shanzi.BytheShangDynasty⑬（around1600-1046BCE）,thesesymbolshadbecome（"By+过去时间"常与过去完成时haddone连用）awell-developed⑭writingsystem.Overtheyears⑮,thesystemdevelopedinto⑯differentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically⑰,leadingtomanyvarieties⑱ofdialects⑲andcharacters⑳.【1】This,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty（221-207BCE）.EmperorQinshihuangunited㉑thesevenmajor㉒statesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection㉓（where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词oneunifiedcountry，where在从句中作地点状语。）.Thatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportance㉔（"of+抽象名词"结构作表语）inunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak（"nomatter+特殊疑问词"引导的让步状语从句，what前省略了nomatter。）,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeans㉕bywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast（"介词by+which"引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animportantmeans。）.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworks㉖whichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.Thehighregardfor㉗theChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform,knownasChinesecalligraphy㉘,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.【2】Today,theChinesewritingsystemisstillanimportantpartofChineseculture.AsChinaplaysagreaterrolein㉙globalaffairs（As意为"随着"，引导时间状语从句。）㉚,anincreasingnumberof㉛internationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciate㉜China’scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage（介词短语作方式状语）.汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。其存续的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人在这些动物骨头和壳上面刻画符号。这些古代符号中的一些在今天的汉字中仍可看到。到商朝（约公元前1600年—前1046年）时，这些符号已经演变成一套成熟的书写体系。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。然而，这在秦朝（公元前221年—前207年）秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。秦始皇统一七个主要的诸侯国，建立了统一的国家，中国的书写体系在这个国家开始朝同一个方向发展。该书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。现代中国人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——中国书法。中国书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。今天，汉字书写体系仍是中国文化的一个重要部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过中文这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。课文重点词汇1①Chinesewritingsystem汉字书写体系system/ˈsɪstəm/n.［C］体系；制度；系统②connect...and/to/with...连接……和……③allthewaythrough一直,自始至终④despite/dɪˈspaɪt/prep.即使；尽管（=inspiteof）详见P245⑤upsanddowns浮沉；兴衰；荣辱⑥themainfactor主要因素factor/ˈfæktə（r）/n.［C］因素；要素⑦apicture-basedlanguage基于图形的语言构词法picture-based是"名词+动词-ed"构成的复合形容词。动词-ed与被修饰的名词是动宾关系。类似的词还有man-made（人造的）、handmade（手工制作的）等。base/beɪs/vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.［C］底部；根据详见P246⑧dateback（to...）追溯到详见P246⑨bone/bəʊn/n.［C］骨头;［U］骨质⑩shell/ʃel/n.［C，U］壳；［C］壳状物⑪symbol/ˈsɪmbl/n.［C］符号；象征搭配a/thesymbolof………的象征Almostinthewholeworld,thedoveisconsideredasthesymbolofpeace.几乎全世界都把鸽子看作是和平的象征。词链symbol（n.）—symbolize（vt.象征，代表）—symbolic（adj.象征性的）⑫carve/kɑ:v/vt.&vi.雕刻⑬theShangDynasty商朝dynasty/ˈdɪnəsti/n.［C］王朝；朝代⑭well-developedadj.完善的；发展良好的⑮overtheyears多年以来；这些年来⑯developinto.（into表示最终成为的状态）发展成……⑰geographically/ˌdʒi:əˈgræfɪkli/adv.在地理上地派生构词geography（n.地理）+-ical（形容词后缀）+-ly（副词后缀）→geographically（adv.）⑱variety/vəˈraɪəti/n.［C］（植物、语言等的）变体⑲dialect/ˈdaɪəlekt/n.［C,U］地方话；方言⑳character/ˈkærəktə（r）/n.［C］文字,符号㉑unite/juˈnaɪt/vt.&vi.统一；vi.联合，团结构词法unite是由词根-un-/-uni-（表示"单一，一个"）+后缀-ite（"促成……"）构成的单词。含有该词根的词还有unify（vt.使成一体）、unique（adj.唯一的）等。㉒major/ˈmeɪdʒə（r）/adj.主要的；重要的；大的㉓in（表示"朝着"）onedirection朝着一个方向inalldirections朝着各个方向㉔beofgreatimportance（=beveryimportant）非常重要语用"of+抽象名词"相当于该名词的形容词形式。㉕means/mi:nz/n.［C］方式；方法；途径（pl.means）bymeansof...借助……手段，依靠……方法㉖classicworks经典作品classic/ˈklæsɪk/adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的n.［C］经典作品；名著㉗highregardfor...对……十分尊敬/非常重视regard/rɪˈɡɑ:d/n.［U］尊重；关注㉘Chinesecalligraphy中国书法calligraphy/kəˈlɪɡrəfi/n.［U］书法；书法艺术㉙playa（n）...rolein...在……中扮演……角色（role可换为part）㉚globalaffairs全球事务global/ˈɡləʊbl/adj.全球的；全世界的affair/əˈfeə（r）/n.［pl.］公共事务；［C,usuallysing.］事件㉛an动词-ing形式作定语，修饰number。increasingnumberof...越来越多的……㉜appreciate/əˈpri:ʃieɪt/vt.欣赏；重视课文语篇结构【即学即练】课文语法填空Chinais1(wide)knownforitsancientcivilisation,whichhascontinuedallthewayuntilnow.Oneofthemain2(factor)ofthisistheChinesewritingsystem.

Severalthousandyearsago,writtenChinesewasbased3pictures.AncientChinesepeoplecarvedsymbolsonanimalbonesandshells.BytheShangDynasty,thesesymbols4(become)awell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,aspeoplelivedindifferentplaces,5(lead)tomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintoonecountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.Thewritingsystemplayed6importantpartinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.

WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwith7(it)past.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworks8(write)byChineseinancienttimes.

AsChinaplaysagreaterrolein9(globe)affairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtolearnChinese10appreciateChina'scultureandhistory.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

考点二课文知识解析1.basedadj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的[教材原句]Atthebeginning，writtenChinesewasapicture－basedlanguage.汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。(1)basevt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上bebasedon/upon...以……为基础(2)basicadj.基础的；基本的[佳句背诵]Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopiniononfacts.一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。[活学巧用]单句语法填空①Thefilmisverypopularbecauseitisbasedarealperson.②Theyhavetohavea(base)understandingofcomputersinordertousethetechnology.2.varietyn．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化[教材原句]Overtheyears，thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically，leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。avarietyof/varietiesof各种各样的variousadj.各种各样的；不同的[佳句背诵]Asournewstadiumisequippedwithmodernfacilities,wecanorganizeavarietyofactivitiesinit.因为我们学校新体育馆配备了现代化的设施，因此我们可以在体育馆里举办各种各样的活动。[活学巧用]单句语法填空①Thereare(variety)ofreasonsinfavorofmyopinionthataChinesedictionaryshouldn’tincludeEnglishwords.②Itisapitythatsomepeoplecan’tgobackhomeattheSpringFestivalfor(vary)reasons.[名师点津]avarietyof(varietiesof)既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的vi.主修；专门研究n．主修课程；主修学生[教材原句]EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字开始朝着一个方向发展。majorin主修……majorityn.大部分；大多数themajorityof大多数……[佳句背诵]AsfarasIknow，MaryismajoringinFrenchatStanfordUniversity.据我所知，玛丽正在斯坦福大学专攻法语。[活学巧用]语境辨义①Iguessedthattherewasprobablyamajormisunderstanding.②TheirvictoryinAmericawasstillrememberedasamajorturningpointinthehistoryofrockandroll.③ThevolunteerwasanativeofBeijingandmajoredinhistoryatcollege.④HermajorisFrenchwhilemineisengineering.4.meansn．方法；方式；途径[教材原句]WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。bythismeans通过这种方法bymeansof借助……手段；依靠……方法bynomeans绝不；无论如何也不；一点都不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)[佳句背诵]BynomeanswillIgiveintothechallenge.我绝不向挑战低头。[活学巧用]单句语法填空①Onlythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehimoutofsmoking.②Everymeans(have)beenusedtocalmthewomandown.[名师点津]means用作“方式；方法”时，单复数同形。5.regardn．尊重；关注；问候；致意vt.把……视为；看待[教材原句]ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform，knownasChinesecalligraphy，whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。eq\x(regard...as...把……看作……)[佳句背诵]Iknowyoushowgreatinterestinping－pong,whichisregardedastheNationalBallofChina.我知道你对乒乓球很感兴趣，它被认为是中国的国球。[活学巧用]语境辨义①Mikehadhighregardforhisoldlawprofessor.②Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.③Lincolnisregardedasoneofthemostinspiringpeopleintheworld.④Theteenagerhasnoregardforotherpeople’sfeelings.6.appreciatevt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值[教材原句]AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs，anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina’scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。(1)appreciatedoingsth喜欢/感激做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我将不胜感激(2)appreciationn.欣赏；感激[佳句背诵]ChinesecalligraphyhasbeenappreciatedbyalotofpeopleoutsideChina.中国书法已经被许多国外人士欣赏。[活学巧用]语境辨义/单句语法填空①Manypeoplecan’tfullyappreciatetheimportanceofregularexercise.②Iappreciatebeinggiventheopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.③Histalentsaren’tappreciatedbyhisboss，whichmadehimannoyed.④Theirinvestmentshaveappreciatedovertheyears.7.datebackto(＝datefrom)始于……；追溯到……(后接时间点)[教材原句]Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu...它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期……eq\x(dateback追溯；上溯（后接时间段）)[佳句背诵]AsfarasIknow,theoldtowndatesfrom/backtotheearlyTangDynasty.据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。[活学巧用]单句语法填空①Ontopofthemountainstandsanancienttemple(date)backtotheTangDynasty.②TheskillsofcookinginChinacandatethousandsofyears.[名师点津]datebackto和datefrom一般不用于进行时态。在句中作定语时，常用现在分词形式。8.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。[句型公式]Itwasatimewhen...这/那是一个……的时期Therewasatimewhen...曾有一段时间……①Chinaexperiencedverybigtransformations.那是一个中国经历了很大变化的时代。②Ididn’tgetalongwellwithmyclassmates.有一段时间我和同学们相处得不好。9.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。[句型公式]“beof＋抽象名词”结构beofgreateq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(value,importance,use,help))＝beveryeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(valuable,important,useful,helpful))①TheNobelPrizetoChinesemedicine.这项诺贝尔奖对中国的医学很重要。②Hisopinionisconsideredtobegreatvalue.他的意见被认为很有价值。10.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍然能通过书写(汉字)进行交流。[句型公式]Nomatterhow/what/when...，引导让步状语从句。在让步状语从句中，Nomatterhow/what/when/who/whom/where...可以转换成however/whatever/whenever/whoever/whomever/wherever...①Iam,IwillalwaysrememberIamaChinese.不管我身在何方，我都会记住自己是一个中国人。②Nomatterdifficultitis，I’mgoingtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.无论有多难，我打算提前完成工作。③Nomatteryouare,youmustobeythelaw.不论你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。【即学即练】一．单句语法填空1.Thiswebsiteisvisitedby(billion)ofpeopleeveryyear.

2.Althoughhehassufferedalot,hehasapositiveattitudehisfuturelife.

3.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,the(globe)blackrhino(犀牛)populationhasdroppedaslowas5500.

4.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

5.Ihavealwaysadmiredmymom'sprofessionalskillsandreferredherasmyrolemodel.

6.Shesaidthatshewashappywhenshesawpeopleonlineregardinghertheprideofthecountry.

7.Whenyourecognizeandunderstandyourshyness,andthenact(base)onthatself-awareness(自我意识),itcanalsoleadyoueverywheretosuccess.

8.WhenitcomestotheArtFestival,ourschoolheldaofactivities,fromtalentshowstospeechcontests,withthepurposeofimprovingstudents'abilities.(vary)

9.Thesurveyshowsthattheofseniorhighstudentslookforwardtoinengineering,thinkingengineeringwillfindawell-paidjobmoreeasilyaftergraduation.(major)

10.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingit'seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoil(土壤)tosalad.

二．选词填空(其中有一项多余)referto;datebackto;leadto;playagreatrolein;upsanddownsTheoldtempleinmyhometown1.600yearsagoandwentthrough2.inhistory.Whenpeoplehere3.it,theythinkthatit4.culturalactivities—everyyear,manykindsofactivitiesareheldinthistemple.

三．完成句子1.如果你能给我一些关于如何提升我的英语口语的建议,我将不胜感激。(appreciate)youcouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtoimprovemyspokenEnglish.

2.Wecanbynomeansdamageourculturalrelicsinordertodeveloptheeconomy.(句式升级,倒装句)→damageourculturalrelicsinordertodeveloptheeconomy.

3.无论几点,妈妈总是站在门口,盼着我回家。(一句多译)①,Momalwaysstandsatthedoor,expectingmetocomehome.

②,Momalwaysstandsatthedoor,expectingmetocomehome.(读后续写—场景描写)

课文对译解读2ReadingforWriting原文呈现Writeablog①aboutEnglishstudy1.Readthesepostsfromanonlineforum②forChinesestudentswhoarelearningEnglishandfillinthetableonpage67.LearningEnglishloginsignupWangLeHey,everybody,whatareyourbiggestproblemswith③learningEnglish?LiuWenHi!I’vebeenstudying（现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作。）Englishsinceprimaryschool.Iusedto④gethighmarksin⑤English,butnowI’mhavingalotoftroublewith⑥mylistening.WhenIlistentonativeEnglishspeakerstalkinginavideoIcancatch⑦onlyafewwords.（见文末的"图解秒懂"）,IcanneverquitegetthemainideaAnyadvice?（［口语表达］neverquitegetsth.指说话人往往能听懂部分词句，但不敢保证完全听明白了。）.［文体赏析］网络留言是非正式文体，作者在这里使用了口语中常见的省略句形式，其完整形式是"Haveyougotanyadvice？"或"Doyouhaveanyadvice？"。ListeningtoEnglishradioprogrammes（动词-ing短语作主语）helpsmegetusedtohowfastnativespeakerstalk（how引导的从句作介词to的宾语）.IalsorepeatwhatIhear（what引导的宾语从句，作repeat的宾语。）tohelpmyselftoexperiencethefeelingofthelanguage.SometimesIevenrecord⑧myvoicesoIcanlistentomyselfandcomparemypronunciationwith⑨theradiohost’s!Mybiggestheadache⑩ishowtobepoliteinEnglish（"疑问词+动词不定式"结构作表语）.It’ssomucheasiertojustsay"Openthewindow!",butinEnglishthatcansoundreallyterrible.IhavetothinkaboutwhoI’mtalkingtoandthendecidewhethertosay（"whether+动词不定式"结构作decide的宾语）,"Openthewindow,please!"or"Couldyouopenthewindow,please?"orevenlonger"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow,please?"LiRuiYeah,that’sreallyhard!Ithinkitalldependsonwhoyou’retalkingto.IfI’mtalkingtoaclosefriend⑪,Icanuseshortrequests,like"Openthewindow"—ourrelationship⑫iscloseandwe’reequals⑬,soIonlyneedafewwordstobridgethegapbetween⑭us.ButifI’mtalkingtosomeonewhoisn’tveryclosetome,Imustmakemyrequestlonger.（"make+宾语+宾补"结构，宾补由形容词longer充当。）—andImustmakeitaquestion（"make+宾语+宾补"结构，宾补由名词词组aquestion充当。）,notademand⑮,e.g.,"Couldyouopenthewindow,please?"IfI’mtalkingtosomeoneseniortome（形容词短语作后置定语）,thenIshouldsay,"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow,please?"Forme,vocabulary⑯ismybiggestproblem—therearejustSOMANYnewwords!Ican’tkeepallthenewvocabularystraightinmyhead⑰,andIcertainlycan’trememberhowtousethemallproperly⑱.HELP!学习英语登录注册王乐嗨，大家好，你们在英语学习中遇到的最大问题是什么呢？刘文嗨！我从小学开始就一直在学英语。我以前英语常常拿高分，但是现在我在听力上遇到了很大的麻烦。我听视频里的母语是英语的人交谈的时候，只能听懂几个单词。我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？贾鑫收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。我还会复述我所听到的内容来帮我自己培养语感。有时我甚至还给自己录音，那样一来，我可以听自己的发音，并把我的发音与广播主持人的进行比较！我最头疼的事是如何用英语得体地表达。只说"打开窗户！"容易得多，但在英语里那可能听起来令人很不快。我必须考虑自己在和谁说话，然后决定是说"请打开窗户！"，还是说"请你打开窗户，好吗？"，还是说甚至更长的"请问,您介意打开窗户吗？"李锐是的，那真的很难！我觉得一切都取决于你在跟谁说话。如果在和亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，比如"开下窗户"——我们关系密切，彼此平等，因此我只需说几个字，就能让对方明白我的意思。但如果是在和与自己不太亲密的人说话，我就必须把我的请求说得更长些——而且我必须以问问题的形式说，不能用要求的口气，比如"请问，你能开下窗户吗？"。如果是在和比我年长的人说话，那么我就应该说"请问，您介意开下窗户吗？"。对我来说，词汇是最大的问题——生词太多了！我无法一下子在脑子里记住所有的生词，也肯定记不住如何恰当地使用它们。求帮忙！课文重点词汇2①blog/blɒɡ/n.［C］博客；网络日志blogpost博文，博客帖子bloggern.［C］博客作者，博主②anonlineforum/ˈfɔ:rəm/网上论坛③problemswith...……方面的问题haveproblemswithsth.在某方面有问题haveproblems（in）doingsth.做某事有问题④usedtodosth.过去常常做某事辨析be/getusedto（doing）sth.习惯于（做）某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事⑤gethighmarksin...在……上得分高⑥havetroublewithsth.在某方面有困难⑦catchvt.熟词生义听清楚，领会⑧一词多义⑨compareAwithB把A与B相比拓展compareAtoB把A比作B⑩headache/ˈhedeɪk/n.［C］熟词生义令人头痛的人（或事物），麻烦⑪aclosefriend亲密的朋友⑫relationship/rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/n.［C］（人、团体、国家之间的）关系，联系派生构词relation（n.关系，联系）+-ship（名词后缀）relationship（n.）⑬equal/ˈi:kwəl/n.［C］同等的人，相等物⑭bridgethegap（betweenAandB）消除（A和B之间的）隔阂bridge熟词生义vt.弥合（差异），消除（分歧）gap/ɡæp/n.［C］间隔；开口；差距Sometimesitisreallyhardtobridgethegenerationgap.有时候要消除代沟确实困难。⑮demand/dɪˈmɑ:nd/n.［C］要求⑯vocabulary/vəˈkæbjələri/n.［C，U］词汇⑰keepsth.straightinone’shead某人一下子将……记在脑子⑱properly/ˈprɒpəli/adv.正确地，适当地；恰当地派生构词proper（adj.正确的，恰当的）+-ly（副词后缀）→properly（adv.）【即学即练】课文语法填空Manypeoplefinditdifficult1(learn)English.SeveralChinesestudents2learnEnglisharediscussingtheirbiggestproblemsonanonlineforum.LiuWenusedtolearnEnglishwell,3nowhehasalotoftroublewithhislistening.WhenlisteningtonativeEnglishspeakerstalkinginavideo,hecancatchonlyafew4(word)andhecan'tgetthemainidea.JiaXinthinks5(listen)toEnglishradioprogrammescanhelphimgetusedtohowfastnativespeakerstalk.Healsorepeatswhathehears.Sometimesheevenrecordshisvoiceandcompareshispronunciation6theradiohost's.HisbiggestproblemishowtobepoliteinEnglish.LiRuihas7(she)ownopinionaboutJiaXin'sproblem.Shethinksthewayshespeaksdependsonwhosheisspeakingto.Ifshespeaksto8stranger,shemustmakehersentence9(long)thantoafriend.ThebiggestproblemLiRuiisfacedwithisvocabulary.Shecan'tkeepallthenewvocabularystraightinherheadandshecan'trememberhowtousethem10(proper),either.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

考点三课文知识解析1.equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的[教材原句]IfI’mtalkingtoaclosefriend，Icanuseshortrequests，like“Openthewindow”—ourrelationshipiscloseandwe’reequals，soIonlyneedafewwordstobridgethegapbetweenus.如果我是跟一位亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，如“打开窗户”，这是因为我们关系亲密，彼此平等，所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。(1)beequalto...in...在……方面与……相等beequaltosth/doingsth等于……；与……相等；胜任做某事(2)bewithoutequal/havenoequal无与伦比(3)equallyadv.相等地；同样地[佳句背诵]Littlejoycanequalthatofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.当你读故事的时候，有一个令人意外的结尾是再高兴不过的事了。[活学巧用]单句语法填空①Idon’tthinkheisequalto(do)thiskindofwork.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,menandwomenmustbetreated(equal)ineducation.2.demandn．需求；要求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问[教材原句]ButifI’mtalkingtosomeonewhoisn’tveryclosetome，Imustmakemyrequestlonger—andImustmakeitaquestion，notademand...但是，如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话，那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句，而不是一个要求……(1)bein(great)demand(迫切)需求(2)demandtodosth要求做某事demandofsbtodosth要求某人做某事demandthat...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)[佳句背诵]Thevolunteerswilltrytheirbesttomeetthedemandsoftheaudience.志愿者们会尽全力满足观众的要求。[活学巧用]单句语法填空①First,sciencegraduatesaregreaterdemandthanartonesinChina.②Myfathercamedownanddemanded(know)whatwasgoingon.3.descriptionn．描写(文字)；形容[教材原句]Doesthewritergiveacleardescriptionoftheproblem?作者是否清楚地描述了这个问题？(1)beyonddescription无法形容，难以描述giveadescriptionof...描写/描述……(2)describevt.描述；形容；描绘[佳句背诵]Hegaveusashortdescriptionofthecity.他给我们简短地介绍了这个城市。[活学巧用]单句语法填空①Itisdifficult(describe)howIfeelnow.[链接写作]补全句子②ThebeautifulsightofMountHuang．黄山的美景是无法形容的。4.relatevt.联系；讲述[教材原句]Doeseachsentencerelatetothemainidea？每个句子都与主旨有关吗？(1)relateto与……相关；涉及；谈到(2)relatedadj.有关的berelatedto与……有关(3)relationn.关系；联系[佳句背诵]Thepositioncallsforrelatedexperienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingcomputers.这个岗位需要该领域相关的经验和熟练使用电脑。[活学巧用]语境辨义/单句语法填空①Weshalldiscusstheproblemasitrelatestoourspecificcase.②ThesecondparagraphrelatestothesituationinScotland.③Whathestressedwas(relate)toteenagers’education.5.ThemoreIlearntofalanguage，themoremybrainwouldgrow.我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得越快。[句型公式]“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”(1)“the＋比较级(...),the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。(2)比较级＋比较级，意为“越来越……”①heexplained,confusedIbecame.他越解释我就越迷惑。②Themorecarefulyouare，the(few)mistakesyouwillmake.你越仔细，就越少犯错误。③Thegirlisbecominghard－working.这个女孩越来越努力了。6.Don’tyouliketohavesomebodytellyouifthepantslookgoodornot？你不喜欢让别人告诉你这些短裤是否好看吗？[句型公式]havesbdosth意为：让某人做某事havesb/sthdoingsth使某人/某物一直做某事won’t/can’thavesbdoingsth不能容忍某人做某事；不允许某人做某事havesthdone请别人做某事；使某事被做havesthtodo有事情要做①Wewillmoreflowersandtrees.我们要让园丁种更多的花和树。②Hehadme(wait)forhimfortwohours，whichmademeannoyed.他让我等了两个小时，让我很是气恼。③Iwon’thaveyou(speak)toyourfatherlikethatinfuture.今后我不许你再像那样跟你父亲讲话。④Jackneedstohavehisapartment(repair)．杰克需要找人把他的公寓修理一下。【即学即练】一．单句语法填空1.Ihavehighregardenvironmentalexperts,becausetheyhaveapositiveeffectonenvironmentalprotection.

2.Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsides(equal)contactandsharewithoneanother.

3.Everytimetheboywasremindedbyhismotherofanything(relate)toschoolrecords,heturnedimpatient.

4.FranzBoas's(describe)ofInuitlifeinthe19thcenturyillustrates(解释)theprobablemoralcodeofearlyhumans.

5.Inordertohelpyoubetterunderstandthetask,wehavelistedseveralexamplesforyour(refer).

6.somanydifficultiesinfrontofher,shedidn'tloseheart.

7.Settingfootinthepark,visitorswillbetakenbackintimebythe(character)scenesettings(场景布置)andimpressivetheaterperformances.

8.Heused(live)inalargecity,butnowhehasgotusedto(live)inthequietvillage.

9.Thereisachinabowl(date)backtotheSongDynastyinthismuseum.

10.Theteacherdemandedthatthecomposition(write)onlyononesideoftheexampaper.

二．完成句子1.因此,我可以作为一名志愿者带领参观者参观美术馆,我确信我能胜任这项工作。(equal)SoIcanserveasavolunteertoguidethevisitorsaroundtheartgalleryandIamsurethat.

2.我们很幸运地从一些高年级学生那里得到了关于如何增加我们的词汇量和缩小理想与现实之间的差距的建议。(疑问词+不定式)Weareveryluckytohavegotadvicefromsomeseniorsonandbetweenidealsandreality.

3.你为某样东西等待的时间越久,当它最终到来时,你就会越珍惜它。(the+比较级...,the+比较级...)youhavetowaitforsomething,youwillcherishitwhenitfinallyarrives.(读后续写—主旨升华)

4.他花两万元买的那幅书法作品现在值三万元了。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句;pay)Thecalligraphywork20,000yuanisworth30,000yuannow.

一．语法填空A(2025云南玉溪一中月考)Themarkscarvedonrocks8,000yearsagoareconsideredasthefirstexamplesofChinesecharacters,Hanzi.AncientChinesepeople1(record)whattheysawintheworldbydrawing.LegendhasitthatChinesecharactersarepictures2canberead.WesternersoftensaythatHanziarepictographs(象形文字)thatresemblephysicalobjects.Meanwhile,someHanziaremadeup3symbolswhichrepresentsounds.4(look)backonhistory,wecanunderstandthelifeofpeopletheymentionwithHanzi.Thereare3,500Chinese5(word)thatarefrequentlyused.AgoodgraspoftheseHanziislikereadinganencyclopediaaboutChina.

Whileon6othersideoftheearth,Egyptianhieroglyphs(埃及象形文字),thecarvedsymbolsonthetemplewallsbyancientEgyptians,arerecognizedasthe7(old)Egyptianwriting.Thesinglesymbolorcombinedsymbolscangivea8(describe)ofanimportanteventinancientEgypt.However,Egyptianhieroglyphs9(strange)disappearedabout1,600yearsago,whichconfusedthegreatestmindsintheEgyptianarchaeology(考古学)formanycenturies.Finally,thepossibilityofdecoding(解码)hieroglyphscameaboutwiththediscoveryoftheRosettaStonein1799.Afterthat,archaeologistswereabletousetheirknowledgeofGreek10(understand)themeaningofthehieroglyphicsymbolsgradually.

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B(2025福建泉州期中)Chinesecharactersareso1(attract)thatevenmanyforeignersarecrazyaboutthem.Overthepastthirtyyears,RichardSearshasbeenfocusingononething:tellingstoriesbehindChinesecharacters.HisinterestintheChineselanguageandcharactersdatesbackto1972whenhewas222-year-oldphysicsmajorintheUSA.

Hebuiltawebsitein2002andnameditChineseEtymology(词源),whichprovidesvisitorswithchancestocheckthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersinavarietyof3(form)forfree.Becauseofthiswell-receivedwebsite,hebecameUncleHanzi,anickname(绰号)that4(give)byChinesenetizens.

InSeptember,Searssetup5(he)studioinNanjingaspartofthelocalgovernment'splantopromoteChineseculture.6(help)bothChineseandforeignlearnersha