汽车英语-第五版-Unit 7 Suspension System、Unit 8 Automotive Steering System

汽车英语（第五版）AutomobileEnglishUnit7SuspensionSystemUnit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsThesuspensionsystem(Figure7-1)performssixbasicfunctions：

1.Maintaincorrectvehiclerideheight2.Reducetheeffectofshockforces3.Maintaincorrectwheelalignment4.Supportvehicleweight5.Keepthetiresincontactwiththeroad6.Controlthevehicle’sdirectionoftravelSoallthesuspensioncomponentsmustbeingoodworkingcondition.Therearethreefundamentalcomponentsofanysuspension:springs,shockabsorberandanti-swaybar.Figure7-1SuspensionsystemUnit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsSpringsThespringisaveryimportantcomponentofthesuspensionsystemthatprovidesridecomfort.Thespringsupportstheweightofthecar,maintainsrideheightandabsorbsroadshock.Springisthecompressiblelinkbetweentheframeandthebody.Whenthecarmeetsabumpintheroad,thespringwillabsorbtheloadbycompressing.Therearefourmajorspringdesignsinusetoday:coilspring,leafspring,torsionbar,andairspring,seeFigure7-2.Unit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponents(a)CoilSpring(b)LeafSpring(c)TorsionBar(d)AirSpringFigure7-2SpringsUnit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsCoilSpringThisisthemostcommontypeofspring.Thecoilspringisalengthofroundspringsteelrodthatiswoundintoacoil.Coilspringscompressandexpandtoabsorbthemotionofthewheels.Itrequiresnoadjustmentandforthemostpartistrouble-free.LeafSpringThistypeofspringconsistsofseverallayersofsteelplates(called“leaves”)ofdifferentlengthsstackedtogethertoactasasingleunit.Theleafspringsbendandslideoneachotherallowingsuspensionmovement.Theyarestillusedtodayonmosttrucksandheavy-dutyvehicles.Unit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsTorsionBarThetorsionbarisastraightorLshapedbarofspringsteel.Oneendofabarisanchoredtothevehicleframe.Theotherendisattachedtoawishbone.Whenthewheelhitsabump,verticalmotionistransferredtothewishboneandthen,throughtheleveringaction,tothetorsionbarprovidingspringaction.AirSpringTheairspringisanothertypeofspringthatisbecomingmorepopularonpassengercars.Theairspringisarubbercylinderfilledwithcompressedair.Apistonattachedtothelowercontrolarmmovesupanddownwiththelowercontrolarm.Thiscausesthecompressedairtoprovidespringaction.Unit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsShockAbsorberShockabsorberisadevicethatcontrolsunwantedspringmotion,whichisimportantinkeepingthetiresinfirmcontactwiththeroad.Shockabsorberscontrolspringmovementsinbothdirections:whenthespringiscompressedandwhenitisextended.Withoutshockabsorber,thespringwillextendandreleasetheenergywhichmayallowthetirestolosecontactwiththeroad.Ashockabsorberisbasicallyanoilpumpplacedbetweentheframeofthecarandthewheels.Theuppermountoftheshockabsorberconnectstotheframe,whilethelowermountconnectstotheaxle,nearthewheel.Seefigure7-3.Figure7-3ShockAbsorberUnit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsWhenthecarwheelmeetsabumpintheroadandcausesthespringtocoilanduncoil,theenergyofthespringistransferredtotheshockabsorberthroughtheuppermount,downthroughthepistonrodandintothepiston.Orificesperforatethepistonandallowfluidtoleakthroughasthepistonmovesupanddowninthepressuretube.Becausetheorificesarerelativelytiny,onlyasmallamountoffluid,undergreatpressure,passesthrough.Thisslowsdownthepiston,whichinturnslowsdownthespring.Anti-swayBarAnotherimportantcomponentofasuspensionsystemistheanti-swaybarwhichissimplyametalrodconnectedtobothofthelowercontrolarms,seeFigure7-4.Itsfunctionistoreducetheamountofcarleanwhileturning.Thisdeviceisusedalongwithshockabsorberstogiveamovingcaradditionalstability.Whenthesuspensionatonewheelmovesupanddown,theanti-swaybartransfersthemovementtotheotherwheel.Thiscreatesamorelevelrideandreducesvehiclesway.Figure7-4Anti-swayBarNotes1.Thistypeofspringconsistsofseverallayersofsteelplates(called“leaves”)ofdifferentlengthsstackedtogethertoactasasingleunit.本句为简单句。括号中“leaves”译为“弹簧片”。本句译为：这类弹簧是由几层不同长度的钢板片（称为“弹簧片”）叠加在一起组成的，作为一个单元。2.Withoutshockabsorber,thespringwillextendandreleasetheenergywhichmayallowthetirestolosecontactwiththeroad.全句为限定性定语从句。本句中的which修饰先行词theenergy。Without短语部分提前，是一种强调。本句可译为：没有减振器，弹簧就会伸张，释放能量，可能会使轮胎脱离与路面的接触。Unit7SuspensionSystemNewWordsalignment[ə'lainmənt]n.定位tire['taiə]n.轮胎fundamental[fʌndə'mentl]a.基本的，根本的shock[ʃɔk]n.震动，冲击compressible[kəm'presəbl]a.可压缩的link[liŋk]n.联结，构件，链接frame[freim]n.框，结构，车架bump[bʌmp]n.颠簸 load[ləud]n.负荷,载荷，装载量expand[iks'pænd]v.使……膨胀，扩张adjustment[ə'dʌstmənt]n.调整trouble-free[trʌblfri:]无故障的（不发生事故的）layer['leiə]n.层Unit7SuspensionSystemNewWordsplate[pleit]n.金属板，板材stack[stæk]v.堆积，堆叠bend[bend]v.弯曲anchor['æŋkə]v.固定wishbone['wiʃbəun]n.叉形臂，双叉臂dampen[ˈdæmpən]v.减振,抑制extend[iks'tend]v.扩充，延伸，伸展bounce[bauns]n.跳，反跃，弹力v.弹跳，使……跳orifice['ɔrifis]n.孔口，节流孔perforate['pə:fəreit]v.穿孔，凿孔，打孔stability[stə'biliti]n.稳定性，安定性，稳定度sway[swei]n.摇，摇摆

Unit7SuspensionSystemPhrasesandExpressionssuspensionsystem悬架系统rideheight装载高度，悬架装载高度shockabsorber减震器，减振器，缓冲装置anti-swaybar横向稳定杆ridecomfort行驶舒适verticalmotion垂直运动，竖向振动coilspring螺旋弹簧leafspring钢板弹簧torsionbar扭力杆，扭杆弹簧airspring空气弹簧Unit7SuspensionSystemPhrasesandExpressionsleveraction杠杆作用passengercar乘用车uppermount上悬臂架lowermount下悬臂架lowercontrolarm下控制臂pressuretube压力管levelride平稳行驶

Unit7SuspensionSystemEXERCISE1Matchthewordorphrasewiththemaintenancetool.—1——2——3—

—4——5—

—6—A.Portable

Wheel

BalancerB.SprayGunC.Grease

GunD.EyeProtectionE.Piston-pin

ExtractorF.GlassInstallationCAEFBDUnit7SuspensionSystemEXERCISE2TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.leafspring

________________2._________________横向稳定杆3.coilspring

________________

4._________________空气弹簧5.suspensionsystem________________

6._________________下控制臂7.pressuretube

________________

8._________________扭力杆9.uppermount

________________

10.________________减震器钢板弹簧anti-swaybar螺旋弹簧airspring

悬架系统lowercontrolarm压力管torsionbar上悬臂架shockabsorberUnit7SuspensionSystemEXERCISE3Thefollowingaresomeexpressionsforthefamousbrands.MatchthefollowingbrandsinColumnAwiththeirChineseequivalentsinColumnB.Unit7SuspensionSystemAB1.A.Datsun2.B.FSO3.C.TalbotCFAEXERCISE3Unit7SuspensionSystem4.D.Daimler5.E.

Corvette6.F.

Princess7.G.DonkervoortGBJDEXERCISE3Unit7SuspensionSystem8.H.Morris9.I.Marcos10.J.SpectraEHIPassageBSuspensionTypesAcarusuallyhasdifferenttypesofsuspensiononthefrontandback.Oneisanon-independentsystem,theleftandrightwheelsbeinginterlinked,seeFigure7-5(a);anotherisanindependentsystem,eachwheelonthesameaxlemovingverticallyindependentlyofeachother,seeFigure7-5(b).

Unit7SuspensionSystemFigure7-5SuspensionTypesPassageBSuspensionTypesUnit7SuspensionSystemFigure7-6SuspensionLiveandDeadAxleSuspensionBasically,itisarigidaxlefixedbetweenleftandrightwheels.Thecarbodyissuspendedbyleafspringsorcoilspringsontheaxleunit.Iftheaxleisthedriveaxle,itiscalledliveaxle[Figure7-6(a)].Liveaxleisveryheavy.Itconsistsofthedifferential,driveshaftsandastrongtubeenclosingallthesethings.Sincethewholeaxleisrigidlyfixedtothewheels,notsuspendedbysprings,theso-calledun-sprungweightisveryhuge.Iftheaxleisnotthedriveaxle,itiscalleddeadaxle[Figure7-6(b)].Withoutthedrivingmechanismincorporated,adeadaxlehasmuchlessun-sprungweight,soitsridequalityisbetterthanaliveaxle.PassageBSuspensionTypesMacPhersonStrutSuspensionTheMacPhersonstrutcombinesashockabsorberandacoilspringintoasingleunit.Itprovidesamorecompactandlightersuspensionsystem,andismostwidelyusedforfrontsuspensionsystem,especially,forfront-wheeldrivevehicles,seeFigure7-7.Unit7SuspensionSystemFigure7-7MacPhersonStrutFrontSuspensionPassageBSuspensionTypesTheshockabsorber,strut,andspindleareacombinedunitthatissupportedbythecoilspringattheupperendandbythelowercontrolarmatthebottom.DoubleWishbonesSuspensionTomanysuspensiondesigners,doublewishbones(or“A-arms”)suspensionisthemostidealsuspension.Itcanbeusedinfrontandrearwheels,itisindependentandmostimportant,ithasnearperfectcambercontrol,seeFigure7-8.For40yearsandeventoday,thisisthefirstchoiceforracingcars,sportscarsanddemandingsedans.Unit7SuspensionSystemFigure7-8DoubleWishbonesSuspensionPassageBSuspensionTypesBasically,doublewishbonessuspensionalwaysmaintainsthewheelperpendiculartotheroadsurface,irrespectiveofthewheel’smovement.Thisensuresgoodhandling.Multi-linkSuspensionSincethelate1980s,multi-linkrearsuspensionisincreasinglyusedinmodernsedansandcoupes.Itisdifficulttodescribeitsconstructionbecauseitisnotstrictlydefined.Intheory,anyindependentsuspensionshaving3controlarmsormorearemulti-link,seeFigure7-9.Differentdesignsmaybeverydifferentingeometryandcharacteristics.Forexample,BMW’smulti-linklookslikealetter“Z”,thushavingitsname“Z-axle”.Itisrelativelyspace-engagingbutoffersverygoodhandling.HondaAccord’smulti-linkisessentiallyadoublewishbonessuspensionaddedwiththefifthcontrolarm.Unit7SuspensionSystemFigure7-9Multi-linkRearSuspensionPassageBSuspensionTypesTorsionBeamSuspensionMostmodernminicars(forinstance,AudiA3)employtorsionbeamastherearsuspension,seeFigure7-10.Comparedwithdoublewishbones,multi-linksuspensionengageslittlewidthofthecar,thusenablinggreaterrearseatroom.Itischeapertoo.ComparedwithMacPhersonstrut,itsshockabsorberisshorterandcanbeinclinedsteeplyawayfromthevertical,thusengaginglessbootspace.Unit7SuspensionSystemFigure7-10TorsionBeamRearSuspensionPassageBSuspensionTypesInfact,torsionbeamsuspensionisonlyhalf-independent;thereisatorsionbeamconnectingbothwheelstogether,whichallowslimiteddegreeoffreedomwhenforced.Forsomelessdemandingcompactcars,thissavestheanti-rollbars.Ontheotherhand,itdoesn’tprovidethesamelevelofrideandhandlingasdoublewishbonesormulti-linksuspensionsdo,althoughinrealityitissuperiortoitsonlydirectcompetitor,MacPhersonstrut.Unit7SuspensionSystemNewWordsinterlink[intə(:)'liŋk]v.相互链接vertically['və:tikəli]ad.垂直地rigid['ridVid]a.刚性的，不易弯的enclose[in'kləuz]v.放入封套，括入unsprung['n'sprŋ]a.弹簧下的，非簧载的incorporated[in'k:pəreitid]a.合成一体的camber['kæmbə]n.外倾perpendicular[pə:pən'dikjulə]a.垂直的，直立的irrespective[iris'pektiv]a.不顾的，没关系的Unit7SuspensionSystemNewWordsincreasingly[in'kri:siŋli]ad.逐渐地，渐增地coupe['ku:pei]n.小轿车geometry[gi'mitri]n.几何，几何体eliminate[i'limineit]v.除去，排除，剔除demanding[di'ma:ndiŋ]a.要求高的，苛刻的superior[sju:'piəriə]a.上好的，出众的competitor[kəm'petitə]n.竞争者，竞争对手Unit7SuspensionSystemPhrasesandExpressionsnon-independentsystem非独立悬架系统independentsystem独立悬架系统liveaxlesuspension活轴悬架deadaxlesuspension定轴悬架drivingaxle驱动桥unsprungweight簧下重量，非簧载重量MacPhersonstrutsuspension麦弗逊滑柱式悬架doublewishbonessuspension双横臂悬架multi-linksuspension多连杆式悬架torquesteer扭力转向torsionbeamsuspension扭力梁式悬架perpendicularto垂直于irrespectiveof不论，不管superiorto比……优越（好），比……高级（好）Unit7SuspensionSystemEXERCISE4Abbreviationsareveryusefulinpracticalwork.DoyouknowthefollowingEnglishabbreviationsyouoftencomeacrossinhandlingautomotivematerials?ReadthemandthentranslatethemintocorrespondingChineseterms.1.ESCS Electronicsuspensioncontrolsystem

_________________

2.EAS Electronic(Control)AirSuspension

_________________

3.KDSS KineticDynamicSuspensionSystem

_________________

4.ADS Adjusterdampingcontrolsuspensionsystem

_________________

5.AS ActiveSuspension

_________________6.KPI KingpinInclination

_________________电子悬架控制系统电子控制空气悬架动力调节悬挂系统自适应阻尼控制悬架系统主动悬架主销内倾Unit7SuspensionSystemThefollowingistheshockabsorberandfrontframeofanautomobile.Sample

Unit7SuspensionSystemUnit7SuspensionSystemEnglishTermsExplanationsChineseUpperMountAttachedtotheframe上悬臂架PistonRodArodtowhichuppermountisconnected,whichinturnisconnectedtoapiston活塞杆OilHydraulicfluid液压油ReserveCylinderTheoutertubewhichstoresexcesshydraulicfluid

储液缸PressureTubeTheinnertubefilledwithhydraulicfluid压力管BaseValveDisposedatoneendofthepressurecylinder底部阀LowerMountAttachedtotheaxle下悬臂架Unit7SuspensionSystemEnglishTermsExplanationsChineseFrontframeofanautomobileSetofmetalpartsformingtheframeworksupportingthefrontwheels汽车前部车架FrontframeThefrontpartoftheframeofacar前部车架BrakeMechanismusedtosloworstopacar制动器LowercontrolarmPartoftheframeworkthatgivesflexibilitytoacar下控制臂RubberpadElasticplatethatabsorbsshocks橡胶垫EXERCISE5WritedownthenameofthepartsinEnglishaccordingtothefigurebelow.BottomvalvesupportingringProtectivesleeveStoprubbersPistonSupportingringhalvesThreadedsealringPistontubeAdjustingarmUnit7SuspensionSystemEXERCISE5WritedownthenameofthepartsinEnglishaccordingtothefigurebelow.1.________________________2.______________________3.________________________4.______________________5.________________________6.______________________7.________________________8.______________________SupportingringhalvesStoprubbersPistonPistontubeProtectivesleeveThreadedsealringBottomvalvesupportingringUnit7SuspensionSystemAdjustingarmEXERCISE6Thefollowingishowtochangeatire.Afterreading,youarerequiredtochoosethesuitabletermsgivenbelow.A:Findthegearshiftnexttoyou.B:Putthecarintodrivetoengagethegears.C:Turnthekeyintheignitiontostarttheengine.D:Movethegearshiftovertomanualtransmission.E:Movethegearshiftbackifyouneedtogoinreverse.F:Begindrivingforwardbeforeshiftinggears.Unit7SuspensionSystemEXERCISE61.C2.A3.E4.B5.D6.FUnit7SuspensionSystemTroubleshootingGuideUnit7SuspensionSystemHowtoInspectYourSuspensionSystemStep1Step2Operation:

Payattentionifyourridebeginstofeelrougher.Operation:Takenoteifyourvehiclepullsorsqueaksduringturns.

Step3Step4Operation:Inspectthetreadwearonyourtires.

Operation:Trybrakingabruptlytoseeifthenosedivesasyoustop.TroubleshootingGuideUnit7SuspensionSystemHowtoInspectYourSuspensionSystemStep5Step6Operation:

Looktoseeifthevehiclesitslevel.Operation:Payattentiontoswayingandbouncingatlowspeeds.Step7Step8Operation:

Parkyourvehicleonfirm,evenground.Operation:Pushdownfirmlyonthefrontofthevehicle.TroubleshootingGuideUnit7SuspensionSystemStep9Step10Operation:

Counthowmanybouncesthesuspensionneedstorecover.Operation:Repeatthetestontherearofthevehicle.Exercise7Unit7SuspensionSystemGoingOverYourFrontSuspensionandInspectingYourRearSuspensionStep9

使用独立的后悬架一次检查一个车轮。Exercise7Unit7SuspensionSystemGoingOverYourFrontSuspensionandInspectingYourRearSuspensionStep5Step6检查拉杆末端是否间隙过大。用千斤顶把汽车尾部抬起。Step7Step8将每个接头擦拭干净，并检查衬套是否损坏。检查螺栓和螺母是否生锈和拧紧。Exercise7Unit7SuspensionSystemGoingOverYourFrontSuspensionandInspectingYourRearSuspensionGoingOverYourFrontSuspensionandInspectingYourRearSuspensionStep1Step2用眼检查你的支柱架或减震塔。测量汽车前轮的行驶高度。Step3Step4用千斤顶把汽车顶起来。用眼检查油靴和橡胶衬套是否有损坏的迹象。Exercise7Unit7SuspensionSystemGoingOverYourFrontSuspensionandInspectingYourRearSuspensionStep1________A.Jackupthevehicle.Step2________B.Checkforexcessplayinthetierodends.Step3________C.Wipeeachjointcleanandinspectthebushingsfordamage.Step4________D.Visuallyinspectyourstrutmountsorshocktowers.Step5________E.Inspectonewheelatatimewithanindependentrearsuspension.Step6________F.Measuretherideheightonyourfrontwheels.Step7________G.Visuallyinspectgreasebootsandrubberbushingsforsignsofdamage.Step8________H.Jackuptherearofthecar.

Step9________I.Inspectboltsandnutsforrustandtightness.DFAGBHCIEIntheCarLaboratorySampleDialogue1A:Wow!Whatabiglaboratoryofyourcompany!B:Yes,itis.A:Whatarethese?B:Theyareautomobilesuspensioncomponents.A:Wouldyouliketointroducesomethingaboutittome?B:Yes,ofcourse.A:Whataretheyfor?B:Theyareveryimportantforacar.Theycansupportthevehicleandprovideridecomfort.A:Ican’timaginetheycandothat!Unit7SuspensionSystemSampleDialogue2A:Hi,WuMing.Whatareyoudoing?B:I’mdoinganexperiment.A:What’sthat?B:Itissuspension.Myexperimentistofindoutitsfunctiontoanautomobileengine.A:Iheardthatsuspensionisthetermgiventothesystemofsprings,shockabsorbersandlinkages.B:Yes.Youseethesuspensionsystemconnectsavehicletoitswheels.A:Anythingelse?B:Suspensionsystemsservedualpurposes–contributingtothecar’shandlingandbrakingforgoodactivesafetyanddrivingpleasure,andkeepingvehicleoccupantscomfortable.A:Itsoundsinteresting.B:Thesuspensionalsoprotectsthevehicleitselfandanycargoorluggagefromdamageandwear.A:Wow,that’sgreat.Unit7SuspensionSystem汽车英语（第五版）AutomobileEnglishUnit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemUnit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemPassageATypesofSteeringSystemThesteeringsystemisamajorpartofthecar.Agoodsteeringsystemmakesdrivingmuchmorepleasurable,comfortableandsafer.Thesteeringsystem,includingsteeringwheel,steeringgears,linkagesandothercomponents,isusedtocontrolthedirectionofacar’smotion.Today,therearetwobasictypesofsteeringsystems:(1)recirculating-ballsteeringand(2)rackandpinionsteering.Therecirculating-ballsteeringcanbeeitherpower-assistedornon-power.Rackandpinionsteeringisalmostalwayspower-assisted.Unit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemPassageATypesofSteeringSystemRecirculating-ballSteeringRecirculating-ballsteeringisusedonmanytrucksandSUVstoday.Thelargerandheaviertheautomobileis,themoredifficultitistosteer.Mostlargeautomobilesareequippedwitharecirculating-ballsteeringgear.Thistypeofsteeringgearisoflittlefrictionandprovidesagoodmechanicaladvantageforaheavyvehicle.Therecirculating-ballsteeringusesaseriesoflinksandarmstoensurebothwheelsturninginthesamedirectionatthesametime.Therecirculating-ballsteeringconsistsofsteeringwheel,steeringshaft(column),wormgearandsectorgearinasteeringgearbox,pitmanarm,trackrod,tierodandsteeringarm,seeFigure8-1.Figure8-1Recirculating-ballSteeringUnit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemPassageATypesofSteeringSystemTherecirculating-ballsteeringsystemconsistsofsteeringwheel,steeringshaft(column),wormgearandsectorgearinasteeringgearbox,pitmanarm,trackrod,tierodandsteeringarm.Thesteeringwheelisconnectedtothesteeringboxthroughthesteeringshaft.Ontheendofthesteeringshaftisawormgearinthesteeringbox.Andaballnutridesonthewormgearandalsoengageswiththesectorgearonthepitmanshaft.Apitmanshaftismountedintheboxinaposition90ºtothewormgear,seeFigure8-2.Figure8-2Recirculating-ballSteeringAssemblyUnit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemPassageATypesofSteeringSystemThepitmanarmisconnectedtooneendofthetrackrod.Intheotherendofthetrackrodisanidlerarm.Betweentheidlerandpitmanarms,thetrackrodissupportedintheproperpositiontokeeptheleftandrightwheelsworkingtogether.Theinnertierodendsareattachedtotheendsofthetrackrodandprovidepivotpointsforthesteeringgear.Fromtheretheygototheoutertierodendsthroughanadjustmentsleeve.Thissleevejoinstheinnerandoutertierodendstogetherandallowsforadjustmentwhenthefrontwheelsarealigned.Theoutertierodendsareconnectedtothesteeringknucklearmsthatactuallyturnthefrontwheels,seeFigure8-3.Figure8-3TieRodEndsUnit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemPassageATypesofSteeringSystemRackandPinionSteeringManymoderncarsuserackandpinionsteeringmechanisms.Theadvantageofrackandpinionsteeringisthatitisrelativelysimpleinstructureandoflowcost.Andithasamuchbetterdirectsteeringfeelforthedriver.Byreducingthenumberofpartsandpivotpoints,itcanmoreaccuratelycontrolwheeldirection,makingthesteeringmoreresponsive,seeFigure8-4.Figure8-4RackandPinionSteeringUnit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemPassageATypesofSteeringSystemTherackandpinionsteeringsystemconsistsofsteeringwheel,steeringshaft,rackandpiniongear,tierodandsteeringknucklearm.Intherackandpinionsteering,thesteeringwheel,throughthesteeringshaft,isdirectlyconnectedtoapiniongearthatisinmeshwiththerack.Therackisalong,toothedbar,whoseeachendisattachedtotheinnertierodends.Theoutertierodendsareattachedtothesteeringknucklearms,seeFigure8-5.Figure8-5RackandPinionSteeringAssemblyUnit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemPassageATypesofSteeringSystemWhenyouturnthesteeringwheel,thepiniongearturns,causingtheracktomovefromlefttoright.Thismovement,inturn,viatierodsandthesteeringknucklearmsmakesthefrontwheelssteer.RackandpinionsteeringisalmostalwaysusedwithaMcPhersonstrutsuspensionsystem.Thebottomofthesteeringknucklestillpivotsonalowerballjoint,butthetopoftheknuckleisconnectedtothestrutassembly.Inthissystem,theoutertierodendisconnectedtothesteeringarmonthestruthousingitself.Notes1.Thistypeofsteeringgearisverylittleinfrictionandprovidesagoodmechanicaladvantageforaheavyvehicle.Therecirculating-ballsteeringusesaseriesoflinksandarmstoensurebothwheelsturninginthesamedirectionatthesametime.两句虽为简单句，但句子很长。本句中mechanicaladvantage译为“机械效益”。全句可译为：这类转向器摩擦小，对重型车具有良好的机械效益。循环球式转向器用一连串的转向拉杆和转向臂保证两个转向车轮同时向同一方向转动。2.Byreducingthenumberofpartsandpivotpoints,itcanmoreaccuratelycontrolwheeldirection,makingthesteeringmoreresponsive.本句为简单句。由介词Byreducing……引导的结构作状语，起强调作用。句中making是动词的现在分词，作目的状语。此句可译为：齿轮齿条式转向器通过减少一些部件和支点，控制车轮方向更准确，转向更敏感。Unit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemNewWordspleasurable[ˈpleʒərəbl]a.令人愉快的comfortable[ˈkʌmftəb(ə)l]a.舒适的，舒服的linkage[ˈlɪŋkɪdʒ]n.传动机构steer[stiə]v.驾驶，航行，转向ensure[ɪnˈʃʊə(r)]v.确定，保证，确保pitman['pitmən]n.转向摇臂sector['sektə]n.扇形齿，齿扇nut[nʌt]n.螺母sleeve[sli:v]n.套筒responsive[rɪˈspɒnsɪv]a.敏感的，响应度，响应性toothed[tu:θt]a.有齿的，锯齿的，锯齿状的pivot['pivət]v.转动Unit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemPhrasesandExpressionssteeringsystem转向系统，转向系steeringgear转向装置（转向齿轮机构，转向器，操舷装置）steeringgearbox转向齿轮箱steeringwheel转向盘，驾驶盘SUV(SportUtilityVehicle)运动型多用途车recirculating-ballsteering循环球式转向器recirculating-ballsteeringgear循环球式转向器mechanicaladvantage机械利益，机械增益，机械效益ballnut转向循环球螺母rack-and-pinionsteering齿轮齿条转向器steeringcolumn转向柱wormgear蜗杆，螺杆Unit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemPhrasesandExpressionspitmanarm转向摇臂，转向臂trackrod转向直拉杆steeringarm转向节臂steeringshaft转向轴pitmanshaft转向摇臂轴idlerarm随动臂，空转轮臂，空转臂tierod转向横拉杆innertierodend转向横拉杆内端outertierodend转向横拉杆外端steeringknucklearm转向节臂pivotpoint支点toothedbar齿条，齿杆Unit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemEXERCISE1Matchthewordorphrasewiththemaintenancetool.—1——2——3—

—4——5—

—6—A.AirCompressorB.Drive-ChromeSocketsC.IncandescentDropLightD.PolisherE.HeavyDutyCreepersF.TransmissionJackFBADCEUnit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemEXERCISE2TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.___________________转向系统2.pitmanarm

______________________

3.___________________转向盘4.rack-and-pinionsteering ______________________

5.___________________转向轴6.steeringknucklearm ______________________

7.___________________转向柱8.toothedbar

______________________

9.___________________蜗杆10.steeringgearbox ______________________

转向摇臂steeringsystem齿轮齿条转向器steeringwheel转向节臂steeringshaft齿条steeringcolumn转向齿轮箱wormgearUnit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemEXERCISE3Thefollowingaresomeexpres