湖北省武汉市江汉区2024-2025学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题（解析版）

第第页湖北省武汉市江汉区2024-2025学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题一、阅读理解ATheNationalGalleryDiscoverthecollectionTheNationalGallerydisplaysoneofthefinestandmostcomprehensivecollectionsofEuropeanpainting.Itincludesmanyfamousworks,suchasVanEyck'sArnolfiniPortrait,Velazquez'sRokebyVenus,Turner'sFightingTemeraireandVanGogh'sSunflowers.AllmajortraditionsofWesternEuropeanpaintingarerepresentedfromtheartistsoflatemedievalandRenaissanceItalytotheFrenchImpressionists.Thisplanwillhelpyoutoexplorethecollection.Youmaywishtostartbyfindingoneofthefamouspaintingsillustratedoverleaf.YoucanalsoplanyourrouteusingtheArtStarttouch-screenguides.Freeguidedtoursandavarietyofaudioguidesareavailable.Forfurtherinformation,askatInformationDesksorpickuptheWhat'sOnandBookNowguidesforfulldetailsoftalks,toursandfamilyevents.ApubliccollectionThepaintingsintheNationalGallerybelongtothepublicandentrancetoseethemisfree.TheGallerywasfoundedin1824,butitdidnotacquireitscurrenthome,designedbyWilliamWilkins,until1838.ThesiteinTrafalgarSquarewaschosenforitscentrallocation,accessibletoboththerichofWestLondonandthepoorercommunitiesoftheEastEnd.Thebuildinghasbeenextendedandimprovedovertheyears,mostnotablyin1991withtheopeningoftheSainsburyWing,designedbyVenturi,ScottBrown&Associates.TheGallerycontinuestoensurethatthewidestpossiblepubliccanenjoythepaintings.Ifyoudonotwishtokeepthisplan,pleasereturnittoanInformationDeskforrecycling.1．HowcanvisitorsfindtheillustratedpaintingSunflowers?A．Askforanaudioguide.B．ReadBookNowguides.C．Searchitonthebackoftheplan.D．UsetheArtStarttouch-screenguides.2．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheNationalGallerybuilding?A．Ithasbeenexpandedovertime.B．ItwasdesignedbyVenturialone.C．WilkinsdesignedtheSainsburyWing.D．Itscurrentformwascompletedin1824.3．Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A．Apersonaldiary. B．Atravelwebsite.C．Asciencemagazine. D．Amuseumleaflet.【答案】1．C2．A3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍英国国家美术馆（TheNationalGallery），包括其展出的欧洲绘画精品收藏、探索收藏的指南、免费开放的公共属性、发展历程以及鼓励读者归还游览指南以进行回收等内容。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Youmaywishtostartbyfindingoneofthefamouspaintingsillustratedoverleaf."你可能希望从反面插图的一幅名画开始。说明可以在计划的背面找到有图示的著名画作，《向日葵》是著名画作之一。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据Apubliccollection部分中的"Thebuildinghasbeenextendedandimprovedovertheyears,mostnotablyin1991withtheopeningoftheSainsburyWing,designedbyVenturi,ScottBrown&Associates."多年来，该建筑一直在扩建和改进，最引人注目的是1991年由文丘里，斯科特布朗和联合设计的塞恩斯伯里翼的开放。可知，关于国家美术馆可以了解到随着时间的推移，它已经扩大了。故选A。3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了国家美术馆的藏品、参观方式、建筑历史等信息，整体是关于美术馆的介绍，所以最有可能来自博物馆的传单。故选D。二、BNotlongbeforewritingthisnote,IsetoutwithGracietohikeafavoritetrail,whichishowIfoundmyselfoutofbreathupasteepBerkshireshillsideinlate-wintersnow.Thetrailhadn'tbeenbroken,andtherewasawildwind.Ipausedatafork.Onewayledtothehighestpointinthepreserve,ourgoalfortheday,andtheotherdescended,wrappedaroundthecliffandbacktotheparkingarea.Alongerbuteasiertrailthatpassedbyanimpressivebeaverdamwealwayslovedtosee.Graciesat,herwaggingtailmakingaone-wingedsnowangel.IthoughtofcancersurvivorLynneHartke'sbravestoryinthisissue,aboutstruggletoreachthetopofElMinsti,adormantvolcanoinPeru,andthelessonshelearned.LikeLynne,Ihatetogiveupbeforereachingagoal,evenifminewasmoremodest.Yetmaybe,likeLynne,IshouldrecognizethatmyplanisnotalwaysGod'splan,nottodayatleast,andmaybenotonanygivenday.Wedon'tpickstoriesforanissuearoundacertaintheme.Still,athemesometimessuggestsitselfasthepiecesdevelop.Takeourcoverstory,byMaryBryantShrader.Herplanwastobecomeahard-chargingcorporatelawyer.Nowshe'saYouTubecookingstarandprepper,teachingpeopletraditionalwaysofkeepingakitchen.Littledidsheknowhowthatphilosophywouldinfluenceherfaithinamomentofcrisis.Inherstory,NightandDay,allJessicaReeddesiredforwastobenormal.Yetwasherideaof"normal"God'sidea?Takeacross-countryridewithJimHinchandsoninTheTwoDudes,andwitnesshowthebest-laidplansofafathercantakeadifferentturn.Inmylife,I'velearnedthatthepathlaidoutbeforemewasnottheoneIthoughtIwouldfollow.Andyetithasbroughtgreatfortune.Evenonalate-winterdayonasnowyhillsidetrail."Comeon,Gracie,"Isaid."Let'sgoseethebeavers."4．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenpausingatthefork?A．Confident. B．Hesitant. C．Determined. D．Impatient.5．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"modest"inparagraph2?A．Ordinary. B．Challenging. C．Expensive. D．Hidden.6．WhatiscommonamongLynneHartke,MaryShrader,andJessicaReed?A．Theyfailedincareer. B．Theyshiftedpersonalgoals.C．Theybrokeformerplans. D．Theyfoundfaiththroughnature.7．Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A．Tocriticizestrictplanning. B．Topromotereligiousbeliefs.C．Toencourageflexiblethinking. D．Todescribeahikingadventure.【答案】4．B5．A6．B7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者自身徒步经历、他人故事（如癌症幸存者、YouTube烹饪明星、父子旅行等），传达一个核心观点：人生之路往往与预设目标不同，但接纳变化、顺应未知可能带来意想不到的收获与成长。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。

4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"LikeLynne,Ihatetogiveupbeforereachingagoal,evenifminewasmoremodest.Yetmaybe,likeLynne,IshouldrecognizethatmyplanisnotalwaysGod'splan,nottodayatleast,andmaybenotonanygivenday."像Lynne一样，我也不喜欢在达到目标之前就放弃，即使我的目标更modest。然而，也许和Lynne一样，我应该认识到，我的计划并不总是上帝的计划，至少今天不是，也许在任何一天都不是。可知，作者提到自己和Lynne一样不喜欢在达到目标前放弃，但又在思考也许自己的计划并不总是对的，可推知作者在岔路口时内心是犹豫的，不确定该选择哪条路，故选B。5．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"LikeLynne,Ihatetogiveupbeforereachingagoal,evenifmiCnewasmoremodest.Yetmaybe,likeLynne,IshouldrecognizethatmyplanisnotalwaysGod'splan,nottodayatleast,andmaybenotonanygivenday."像Lynne一样，我也不喜欢在达到目标之前就放弃，即使我的目标更modest。然而，也许和Lynne一样，我应该认识到，我的计划并不总是上帝的计划，至少今天不是，也许在任何一天都不是。可知，作者将Lynne爬秘鲁的火山和自己的徒步目标对比，说明自己的目标相对而言没有那么宏大、不一般，是较为普通的，故选A。6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Takeourcoverstory,byMaryBryantShrader.Herplanwastobecomeahard-chargingcorporatelawyer.Nowshe'saYouTubecookingstarandprepper,teachingpeopletraditionalwaysofkeepingakitchen.Littledidsheknowhowthatphilosophywouldinfluenceherfaithinamomentofcrisis.Inherstory,NightandDay,allJessicaReeddesiredforwastobenormal.Yetwasherideaof‘normal'God'sidea?"来看看我们的封面故事，作者是MaryBryantShrader。她原本的计划是成为一名积极进取的企业律师。如今，她成了一名YouTube烹饪明星兼生存达人，向人们传授保持厨房传统的方法。她万万没想到，在危机时刻，这种理念会对她的信仰产生影响。在她的故事《日与夜》中，JessicaReed一心只想过上平凡的生活。然而，她所认为的"平凡"，真的是上帝眼中的"平凡"吗？可知，LynneHartke原本计划爬秘鲁的火山，但可能因各种情况改变了想法；MaryBryantShrader原本计划成为公司律师，后来成了YouTube烹饪明星；JessicaReed原本渴望"平凡"，但她的"平凡"观念可能与上帝的想法不同，意味着她也有个人目标或想法的转变。这三个人都改变了自己原本的个人目标或想法。故选B。7．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文通过作者自己在徒步时在岔路口的选择，联想到LynneHartke、MaryBryantShrader、JessicaReed等人的故事，这些人都在人生中经历了计划与现实的差异，最后作者决定改变原计划去看海狸；再结合最后一段中的"Inmylife,I'velearnedthatthepathlaidoutbeforemewasnottheoneIthoughtIwouldfollow.Andyetithasbroughtgreatfortune."在我的生活中，我明白了摆在我面前的道路并不是我想象中的那条。然而，它却给我带来了巨大的财富。可推断出作者写这篇文章是为了鼓励人们在面对人生的变化时要灵活思考，不要固执地坚持原计划。故选C。三、CDogshavebeenclosefour-leggedfriendsofhumansforaslongaswecanremember,butexactlyhowlonghasthisrelationshiplasted?Scientistsmayfinallyhaveananswer,thankstoanewstudyonancienthumanremainsfoundinAlaska.Theresearchsuggeststhatthestrongbondbetweenhumansandtheancestorsoftoday'sdogsbegan12,000yearsago."WenowhaveproofthatdogsandhumanshadcloseconnectionsearlierthanwethoughtintheAmericas,"saidthestudy'sleadauthor,FrancoisLanoe,anassistantresearcherattheUniversityofArizona'sSchoolofAnthropology."PeopleinterestedintheoriginsoftheAmericaswanttoknowifthefirsthumansarrivedwithdogs.Untilwefindtheseanimalsinolddiggingsites,wecanonlyguess—it'shardtoconfirm.Thisdiscoveryisverysignificant."Ina2018archaeologicalstudy,thesameteamfoundalowerlegbonefromanadultdog-likeanimalatasiteinAlaska.Carbondatingshowedtheanimallived12,000yearsago,neartheendoftheIceAge.Morerecently,inJune2023,theteamdugupan8,100-year-oldjawbonefromasimilaranimalatanearbysite.Forthenewstudy,scientistsperformedchemicaltestsonthesebones.Theyfoundsalmonproteins,suggestingtheseanimalsatefishregularly.Thiswasunusualbecausedog-likeanimalsatthetimeonlyhuntedlandanimals,showinghumaninfluence.Whiletheteambelievesthisistheearliestknownrelationshipbetweenhumansanddogs,theysayit'stoosoontobecertain.Akeyquestionremains:"Whatdefinesadog?"saidDr.BenPotter,aco-authorofthestudyandanarchaeologistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks.Thoughthesecreaturesactedandlookedlikedogs,theymightbetooancienttobegeneticallyconnectedtomoderndogsweknowtoday.8．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．AnewstudyprovesdogsoriginatedinAlaska.B．AncientdogssurvivedtheIceAgebyeatingfish.C．ScientistsdiscoveredtheoldesthumanremainsinAmerica.D．Humansanddogsdevelopedaclosebond12,000yearsago.9．Whatcanweinferaboutthesignificanceofthediscovery?A．ItconfirmsdogsarrivedinAmericabeforehumans.B．Itprovidescluesaboutearlyhuman-doginteractions.C．Itsolvesthemysteryofmoderndoggenetics.D．ItdisprovesprevioustheoriesabouttheIceAge.10．Howwastheageofthebonedeterminedinthe2018study?A．Genetictesting. B．Carbondating.C．Proteinanalysis. D．Sitecomparison.11．Whyistheteamuncertainabouttheearliesthuman-dogrelationship?A．Weakgeneticconnection.B．Lackofmultiplebonesamples.C．Confusionoverdefining"dog".D．Inconclusivesalmonproteinresults.【答案】8．D9．B10．B11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家通过在阿拉斯加发现的新研究，推测人类与现代狗的祖先之间的紧密联系始于12000年前，这一发现意义重大，但科学家也表示目前确定这是人类与狗最早的关系还为时过早，因为尚不清楚如何定义"狗"，且这些生物可能因年代过于久远而与现代狗没有基因联系。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的"Theresearchsuggeststhatthestrongbondbetweenhumansandtheancestorsoftoday'sdogsbegan12,000yearsago."研究表明，人类和今天狗的祖先之间的紧密联系始于12000年前。可知，本文讲的是人类和狗在12000年前就建立了亲密的关系，"人类和狗在12000年前就建立了亲密的关系"，概括了文章的主旨，故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第三段"PeopleinterestedintheoriginsoftheAmericaswanttoknowifthefirsthumansarrivedwithdogs.Untilwefindtheseanimalsinolddiggingsites,wecanonlyguess—it'shardtoconfirm.Thisdiscoveryisverysignificant."对美洲起源感兴趣的人想知道第一批人类是否带着狗来到这里。在我们在旧的挖掘地点找到这些动物之前，我们只能猜测——很难确认。这一发现意义重大。可知，这一发现为早期人类与狗的互动提供了线索。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Ina2018archaeologicalstudy,thesameteamfoundalowerlegbonefromanadultdog-likeanimalatasiteinAlaska.Carbondatingshowedtheanimallived12,000yearsago,neartheendoftheIceAge."在2018年的一项考古研究中，同一研究团队在阿拉斯加的一个遗址发现了一具成年类狗动物的小腿骨。碳同位素测年法显示，该动物生活在12,000年前，接近冰河时代末期。可知，在2018年的研究中，骨头的年龄是通过碳同位素测年法确定的。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Akeyquestionremains:‘Whatdefinesadog?'saidDr.BenPotter,aco-authorofthestudyandanarchaeologistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks."一个关键问题仍然存在："如何定义狗？"该研究的合著者、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校的考古学家BenPotter博士说道。可知，研究小组对最早的人狗关系不确定是因为对"狗"定义的困惑。故选C。四、DThe"hedgehog(刺猬)dilemma"isafamousmetaphorfromGermanphilosopherArthurSchopenhauer.Inhis1851book,hedescribedhowhumansstrugglewithrelationshipsthroughastoryabouthedgehogs.Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.Thissadstorybecamewidelydiscussed.SigmundFreudandmodernscientistsstudiedthisidea.In2015,anaward-winningshortfilmcalledHenryretoldthisstory.Howdoesthisapplytoreallife?Mostpeoplerememberbeinghurtbycloserelationships–brokenfriendships,familyconflicts,orromanticbetrayals.Sincetheseconnectionsmatterdeeply,theirdamagehurtsmore.Shouldwestoptrustingothers?Schopenhauersaidyes,butsciencewouldsayotherwise.AstudyinPLOSMedicinereviewing148studieswithover300,000peoplefoundthosewithstrongsocialconnectionslive50%longer.TheNationalInstituteonAgingwarnsthatlonelinessharmshealthasmuchassmoking15cigarettesdaily—makingSchopenhauer'sadviceconcerning.Whenhurtrepeatedly,peopleoftenfallintodefensemode.RelationshipexpertHilarySandersexplainscommondefensebehaviors:goingsilentduringarguments,seeingnormalcommentsascriticism,oroverreactingtosmallissues.Thesereactionsoftenstartinchildhood.Ifparentsoftencriticizedorclassmatesbulliedsomeone,theymightdevelophabitslikepretendingnottocareorgettingangryeasily.Whilethesehelpedsurvivechildhoodpain,theycauseproblemsinadultrelationshipswhenusedunconsciously.Thegoodnewsispeoplecanchange.Throughtherapy,manylearntorecognizetheirdefensepatternsandunderstandtheirorigins.Couplescanimproverelationshipsbylearningeachother'semotionaltriggersandrespondingthoughtfullyinsteadofarguing.However,Sanderswarnsthatdefensesshouldn'tberemovedsuddenly—it'sliketakingdownawallbrickbybrick.AlthoughSchopenhauerfocusedonthepainofcloseness,thehedgehogstoryactuallyshowsourdeepneedforconnection.Unlikerealhedgehogs,humansaren'tbornwithphysicalspines.Bycarefullyloweringourdefensesaroundtrustworthypeople,wemighttrulyenjoybothwarmthandsafetyinrelationships.12．Whydoestheauthormentionthehedgehogdilemmainparagraph1?A．Toemphasizeitsimportance.B．TosupportSchopenhauer'sadvice.C．TorecommendSchopenhauer'sbook.D．Tointroducethethemeofrelationship.13．WhatisSchopenhauer'scoresolutiontothe"hedgehogdilemma"?A．Avoidcloseness. B．Seektherapy.C．Ignorepain. D．Buildwalls.14．WhatmajorevidencegoesagainstSchopenhauer'sadvice?A．Defensebehaviorofpeople. B．Freud'sstudies.C．Longevityfromsocialties. D．Henry'sshortfilm.15．WhatdoesSanderssayaboutcloseconnection?A．Couplesshouldlearntodefenditthoughtfully.B．Humanscanbenefitfromitunconsciously.C．Itcanhelpchildrenrelievechildhoodpain.D．Peopleshouldmakegradualprogressinit.【答案】12．D13．A14．C15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过阐述德国哲学家ArthurSchopenhauer提出的"刺猬困境"这一隐喻，指出其关于人际关系的悲观建议，即保持距离；接着通过科学研究说明良好人际关系对健康的重要性，表明ArthurSchopenhauer的建议存在问题；随后探讨了人们在受伤后常出现的防御行为及其成因，同时指出人们可以改变，通过治疗和相互理解改善关系；最后强调"刺猬困境"反映出人类对亲密关系的深层需求，人类应谨慎地放下防备，享受关系中的温暖与安全。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．推理判断题。根据第一段"The‘hedgehog(刺猬)dilemma'isafamousmetaphorfromGermanphilosopherArthurSchopenhauer.Inhis1851book,hedescribedhowhumansstrugglewithrelationshipsthroughastoryabouthedgehogs.Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.""刺猬困境"是德国哲学家叔本华的一个著名比喻。在他1851年出版的书中，他通过一个关于刺猬的故事描述了人类如何在人际关系中挣扎。他的建议很简单：保持距离。可知第一段提到"刺猬困境"这一著名隐喻，接着阐述其在现实生活人际关系中的体现，如亲密关系中的伤害等。所以作者提及"刺猬困境"是为了引出关于人际关系这一主题。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance."他的建议很简单：保持距离。可知ArthurSchopenhauer对于"刺猬困境"的核心解决办法是保持距离，也就是避免亲密。故选A。14．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance."他的建议很简单：保持距离。提到ArthurSchopenhauer建议保持距离；以及第四段中的"AstudyinPLOSMedicinereviewing148studieswithover300,000peoplefoundthosewithstrongsocialconnectionslive50%longer."一项在《公共科学图书馆・医学》上的研究，回顾了148项涉及30多万人的研究，发现有强大社交关系的人寿命长50%。这表明社交关系对人有益，与ArthurSchopenhauer的建议相悖。故选C。15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"However,Sanderswarnsthatdefensesshouldn'tberemovedsuddenly—it'sliketakingdownawallbrickbybrick."然而，Sanders警告说，防御不应该突然拆除，就像一砖一瓦地拆墙一样。可知，Sanders认为人们在建立亲密关系时，不应突然去除防御，要像一砖一瓦拆除墙一样循序渐进。故选D。五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Onethingthatmostofuswillagreeonisthatthereisalotof"stuff"intheworld.Andwithenvironmentalandeconomicconcernsonourminds,wouldn'titmakesenseifwecouldsharethingsbetweenusabitmore?16．Sharinglibrariesofferusefulitemstolocalpeople,whoareabletoborrowandreturnthem,freeofchargeorforaverylowfee.Thesecollectionstendtofocusoncommonthingsthatweallneed,butwhichwedon'tuseconstantly.Thissavesontheenvironmentalimpactofproducingtheitemsbyreducingthedemandfornewthings.17．Forfamilies,financialbarrierscanmeanthatthingsliketoysorcomfortableclothingcanbeknockeddowntheprioritieslist.Buttheselibrariescreateasenseofequalityinthecommunity,meaningthatindividualsdon'tneedtogowithout.Thereareseveralwaystofindoutwhereyourclosestsharinglibraryis.18．Itmaps50librariesacrosstheUK.Butifyourareaisn'tlistedbythosesites,don'tgiveuphope.Somecommunitieswillsetupsmaller,informalversionsoftheselibraries—forexample,streetWhatsAppgroupswherepeopleaskifanyoneontheroadhasthethingthey'relookingtoborrow,orlocalpass-it-ongroups.19．AttendtheNetwork'sonlineworkshopstolearnmoreaboutsharinglibrariesandhowtosetoneupforthemselves.Inaworldwherewe'reencouragedtocontinuetocollectmoreandmorestuff,sharinglibrariesaretakingastandfortheenvironmentandforourpersonalfinances.So,nexttimeyoufindyourselfinneedofsomethinghandy,considerlookingforawaytoborrowit.20．

A.Stillnoluck?B.Ifunlisted,searchlocally.C.Atthecoreofsharinglibrariesisgreateraccess.D.Thisisthefundamentalideabehindsharinglibraries.E.Thisconceptchallengestraditionalownershipmodels.F.StartbycheckingtheUKSharingLibrariesNetworkwebsite.G.It'llbeeasyontheplanet,easyonyourpocket,andgreatforthecommunity.【答案】16．D；17．C；18．F；19．A；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了共享图书馆的概念及其重要性，强调其通过提供物品共享服务，既减少环境影响又减轻经济负担，促进社区平等，并鼓励人们在需要物品时考虑借用而非购买，以支持环保和个人财务健康。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Andwithenvironmentalandeconomicconcernsonourminds,wouldn'titmakesenseifwecouldsharethingsbetweenusabitmore?"考虑到我们对环境和经济的担忧，如果我们能更多地分享一些东西，这不是很有意义吗？提出"在考虑环境和经济问题的情况下，我们多共享物品是否有意义"的疑问；以及空后"Sharinglibrariesofferusefulitemstolocalpeople,whoareabletoborrowandreturnthem,freeofchargeorforaverylowfee."共享图书馆为当地人提供有用的资料，他们可以免费或以极低的费用借阅和归还)"紧接着介绍了共享图书馆的运作模式，即向当地人提供物品，可免费或低价借用和归还。D.Thisisthefundamentalideabehindsharinglibraries."这就是共享图书馆背后的基本理念"，承上启下，符合语境，故选D。17．根据空后"Forfamilies,financialbarrierscanmeanthatthingsliketoysorcomfortableclothingcanbeknockeddowntheprioritieslist.Buttheselibrariescreateasenseofequalityinthecommunity,meaningthatindividualsdon'tneedtogowithout."对于家庭来说，经济障碍可能使玩具或舒适衣物等物品的优先级降低，但这些图书馆在社区中营造了平等感，让人们不会缺少这些东西。强调了共享图书馆能让人们更方便地获取所需物品。C.Atthecoreofsharinglibrariesisgreateraccess."共享图书馆的核心是让人们更容易获取物品"准确概括了后文共享图书馆促进社区平等、让人们能获取物品的核心内容。故选C。18．根据空前"Thereareseveralwaystofindoutwhereyourclosestsharinglibraryis."有几种方法可以找到最近的共享图书馆在哪里。可推知，此处是关于如何查找共享图书馆，F.StartbycheckingtheUKSharingLibrariesNetworkwebsite."先查看英国共享图书馆网络网站"承接上文，符合语境。故选F。19．根据空前"Butifyourareaisn'tlistedbythosesites,don'tgiveuphope.Somecommunitieswillsetupsmaller,informalversionsoftheselibraries—forexample,streetWhatsAppgroupswherepeopleaskifanyoneontheroadhasthethingthey'relookingtoborrow,orlocalpass-it-ongroups."但是，如果你所在的地区没有被这些网站列出，不要放弃希望。一些社区将建立这些图书馆的小型非正式版本——例如，街头WhatsApp群，人们可以在那里询问路上是否有人有他们想借的东西，或者当地的传递小组。提到如果所在地区未在相关网站列出，不要放弃希望，还举例说明了一些社区有小型、非正式的共享图书馆形式；以及空后"AttendtheNetwork'sonlineworkshopstolearnmoreaboutsharinglibrariesandhowtosetoneupforthemselves."参加网络的在线研讨会，了解更多关于共享图书馆的知识，以及如何为自己建立一个图书馆。学习如何自己建立共享图书馆的内容。A.Stillnoluck?"还是没找到吗？"，承上启下，符合语境，故选A。20．根据空前"So,nexttimeyoufindyourselfinneedofsomethinghandy,considerlookingforawaytoborrowit."所以，下次当你发现自己需要手边的东西时，考虑一下想办法借。鼓励人们下次需要物品时考虑从共享图书馆借用。G.It'llbeeasyontheplanet,easyonyourpocket,andgreatforthecommunity."这对地球有益，对你的钱包友好，对社区也有好处"，全面总结了从共享图书馆借用物品的好处，与上文鼓励借用的内容相呼应。故选G。六、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IalwaysenjoyedwildernessadventuresinAfrica.Oneday,Ioverheardacyclingtrailrunningthroughthebushafter21．inAustralia.Iresearchedthetrailandbecame22．aboutridingitduringthesummerholidays.Thetrailwasstillnewandmobilephone23．alongtheroutewaspoor.IstartedatCollie.Itwasveryhot,andIdrankwater24．andthefirstthingIdidwhenIarrivedatthefirststopwas25．therainwatertank.Iwas26．tofindthatithadwater.Thenextdaythetrail27．becamedifficulttofind.Bymidday,the28．hadbecomeunbearable.Iwasbecomingincreasingly29．whenIrealizedthatIwasquitelost.Istoppedtoconsidermy30．.The31．planwastostayovernightatatouristpark,butIhadnoideawhereIwas.Tiredly,Igotup,remountedmybike.Aftertwohours,Iwasdelightedtoseecycletracksthatlooked32．.However,Isoonrealizedthattheyweremyown!Ihadnomorewater,andwassleepy.Asuddenwind33．me.Iheardthesoundofamotor,butitdisappeared.AwhilelaterIhearditagain.I34．myselfandwalkedtowherethesoundwascoming.Therebeforemewasthedam,withboatstowingwaterskiersandpeoplerelaxing.MyfirstlessononlivinginAustraliahadbeen35．.21．A．traveling B．settling C．hiking D．surviving22．A．excited B．concerned C．determined D．puzzled23．A．symbol B．battery C．signal D．package24．A．rarely B．regularly C．instantly D．cautiously25．A．supply B．fix C．view D．check26．A．astonished B．disappointed C．frustrated D．relieved27．A．markers B．arrows C．destinations D．details28．A．path B．adventure C．heat D．cycling29．A．uneasy B．unconfident C．uncomfortable D．uncertain30．A．opportunities B．strategies C．schedules D．options31．A．formal B．original C．senior D．organized32．A．deep B．recent C．precious D．unique33．A．challenged B．circled C．stirred D．struck34．A．setup B．signedup C．forcedup D．dressedup35．A．delivered B．packed C．improved D．recommended【答案】21．B；22．A；23．C；24．B；25．D；26．D；27．A；28．C；29．A；30．D；31．B；32．B；33．C；34．C；35．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在澳大利亚进行荒野骑行探险时迷路，经历缺水、疲惫等困境，最终意外找到水源地（水坝）的经历，并从中获得了在澳大利亚生活的初步教训，即面对困境要保持冷静、不放弃，同时凸显了野外探险的挑战性与不确定性。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。21．句意：有一天，我在澳大利亚定居后，无意中听说了一条穿过丛林的自行车道。A：traveling"旅行"；B：settling"定居"；C：hiking"徒步旅行"；D：surviving"生存"。根据下文"Iresearchedthetrailandbecame2aboutridingitduringthesummerholidays"我研究了这条路线，对在暑假骑行它感到兴奋。可知，作者打算在澳大利亚的暑假期间骑行这条路线，说明其并非只是短暂旅行或徒步，而是已经在澳大利亚有相对稳定的生活状态，即定居。故选B。22．句意：我研究了这条路线，对在暑假骑行它感到兴奋。A：excited"兴奋的"；B：concerned"关心的"；C：determined"有决心的"；D：puzzled"困惑的"。根据上文"IalwaysenjoyedwildernessadventuresinAfrica"我一直都很喜欢在非洲进行野外探险。表明作者一直喜欢荒野冒险，所以当发现澳大利亚有这样一条穿过丛林的自行车道时，会对骑行它感到兴奋。故选A。23．句意：这条路线还很新，沿途的手机信号很差。A：symbol"象征"；B：battery"电池"；C：signal"信号"；D：package"包裹"。根据空前"Thetrailwasstillnewandmobilephone"可推知，因为路线还很新，所以沿途手机信号差。故选C。24．句意：天气很热，我经常喝水，到达第一站后我做的第一件事就是查看雨水箱。A：rarely"很少地"；B：regularly"经常地"；C：instantly"立刻"；D：cautiously"谨慎地"。根据空前"Itwasveryhot"可知，天气炎热会使人水分流失快，所以需要经常喝水来补充水分。故选B。25．句意：天气很热，我经常喝水，到达第一站后我做的第一件事就是查看雨水箱。A：supply"供应"；B：fix"修理"；C：view"看"；D：check"检查，查看"。根据上文"Itwasveryhot"天气很热，；以及"Idrankwater4"，说明天气炎热，作者对水有大量需求，所以到达第一站后首先要做的是查看雨水箱里是否有水。故选D。26．句意：我松了一口气，发现里面有水。A：astonished"惊讶的"；B：disappointed"失望的"；C：frustrated"沮丧的"；D：relieved"宽慰的，松了一口气的"。根据上文，表明天气炎热且自己经常喝水，对水有迫切需求；以及空后"findthatithadwater"可知，当查看雨水箱发现里面有水时，缺水的担忧消除，会松一口气。故选D。27．句意：第二天，路线标记变得很难找到。A：markers"标记"；B：arrows"箭头"；C：destinations"目的地"；D：details"细节"。根据下文"IrealizedthatIwasquitelost"我意识到自己完全迷失了方向。可知，作者迷路了，推测是因为路线标记难找，导致无法准确沿着路线骑行。故选A。28．句意：到中午时，炎热变得难以忍受。A：path"路径"；B：adventure"冒险"；C：heat"炎热"；D：cycling"骑行"。根据上文"Itwasveryhot"以及作者因为炎热经常喝水等描述，可知到中午时，炎热的程度加剧，变得让人难以忍受。故选C。29．句意：当我意识到自己迷路时，我越来越不安。A：uneasy"不安的"；B：unconfident"不自信的"；C：uncomfortable"不舒服的"；D：uncertain"不确定的"。根据空后"IrealizedthatIwasquitelost"可知，在荒野中迷路，人会因为处境危险等因素而感到不安。故选A。30．句意：我停下来考虑我的选择。A：opportunities"机会"；B：strategies"策略"；C：schedules"日程安排"；D：options"选择"。根据常识和上文"IrealizedthatIwasquitelost"可知，迷路后，需要停下来思考接下来可以采取的办法，也就是自己的选择。故选D。31．句意：原来的计划是在一个旅游公园过夜，但我不知道自己在哪里。A：formal"正式的"；B：original"原来的"；C：senior"高级的"；D：organized"有组织的"。根据上文描述作者原本的行程安排以及空后"butIhadnoideawhereIwas"可知，作者现在因为迷路无法按照原本的计划在旅游公园过夜了，强调这是原来的计划。故选B。32．句意：两小时后，我很高兴看到看起来很新的自行车道痕迹。A：deep"深的"；B：recent"最近的，新的"；C：precious"珍贵的"；D：unique"独特的"。根据常识和空前"Iwasdelightedtoseecycletracks"可知，发现看起来很新的自行车道痕迹意味着有其他人刚从这里经过，所以作者才会感到高兴。故选B。33．句意：一阵突然的风使我清醒过来。A：challenged"挑战"；B：circled"环绕"；C：stirred"使清醒，使激动"；D：struck"打击"。根据上文"Ihadnomorewater,andwassleepy"我没有水了，而且很困。可知，作者又累又困，突然的风起到了使他清醒的作用。故选C。34．句意：我强迫自己站起来，朝着声音传来的方向走去。A：setup"建立"；B：signedup"报名"；C：forcedup"强迫自己起来"；D：dressedup"打扮"。根据上文"Iwassleepy"以及作者身处困境但仍要寻找出路，可知是强迫自己克服困倦站起来。故选C。35．句意：我在澳大利亚生活的第一课已经传授给我了。A：delivered"传递，传授"；B：packed"打包"；C：improved"提高"；D：recommended"推荐"。根据上文作者经历了炎热、迷路、缺水等一系列状况，这些经历就像一堂课一样传递给了作者在澳大利亚生活的经验。故选A。七、第二节短文填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theover-21-kilometerhalfmarathoncoursestruckaperfectbalance:challengingyetdoableforrunnersofalllevels.Thereweremachinecompetitors36．(compete)intheworld'sfirsthumanoidrobothalfmarathon,heldintheBeijingEconomic-TechnologicalDevelopmentArea(BDA)inthesoutheastofthecity.37．siliconracerswouldsooncompeteonthesamephysicalrouteashumanrunners,thoughonseparatetracks."Thinkofit38．acarrally(汽车拉力赛)forrobots,"saidLiangLiang,deputydirectoroftheBDAmanagementcommittee.Therulesofthehumanoidrobothalfmarathonwerecloselylike39．ofacarrally,Liangnoted.TeamscombinedAIautonomywithhumanoversight,dealingwith40．(challenge)nomachinehadquitefacedbefore:unevenpavements,communicationdrops41．theunpredictabilityoftheoutdoors."Theevent42．(serve)asatestinganddemonstrationplatform,butmoreimportantly,asaspacefor43．(develop),enthusiastsandcompaniestoexchangeideas,"Liangsaid.AttheBeijingE-Townhalfmarathon,theTienKungUltrarobotdevelopedbytheBeijingHumanoidRobotInnovationCentercrossedthefinishlineinjust2hoursand40minutes.Noetix'sN2cameinsecond,whilearobotdesignedbyShanghai-basedfirmDroidUp44．(secure)thirdplace.Isn'ttheorganizers'motto,"Tocompeteisvictory,tofinishisglory,"45．(fill)withAkhwari'sstory?EverysmallsteptheserobotstookonthemarathoncourserepresentedagiantleapforChina'stechnologicalbreakthroughs.【答案】36．competing；37．The；38．as；39．those；40．challenges；41．and；42．serves；43．developers；44．secured；45．filled【解析】