初中生英语定语从句题库与训练

初中生英语定语从句题库与训练定语从句是初中英语语法中的一个重点，也是不少同学感到头疼的难点。它不仅在选择题、填空题中频繁出现，更在书面表达中扮演着提升句子丰富度和表达精确性的重要角色。掌握好定语从句，能让你的英语表达更地道、更生动。本文将系统梳理定语从句的核心知识点，并提供针对性的训练题库与解析，帮助同学们循序渐进，攻克这一语法难关。一、定语从句核心知识回顾在开始训练之前，我们先来简要回顾一下定语从句的基本概念和要素，这是准确做题的基础。1.定义：定语从句（AttributiveClause）是修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于一个形容词的作用，用来限定、修饰这个名词或代词，说明其性质、特征、所属等。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词（Antecedent）。2.关系词（RelativeWords）：引导定语从句的词称为关系词，它一方面指代先行词，另一方面在从句中充当一定的句子成分。初中阶段主要掌握以下关系词：*关系代词：which,that,who,whom,whose*which：指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。*that：既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。*who：指人，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，或用whom）。*whom：指人，在从句中作宾语（可省略）。*whose：既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语，表示“……的”。*关系副词：when,where,why*when：指时间，在从句中作时间状语。*where：指地点，在从句中作地点状语。*why：指原因，在从句中作原因状语，通常先行词是reason。3.关系词的选择依据：*先行词是人还是物。*关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语）。二、基础训练题库（一）用适当的关系代词(which,that,who,whom,whose)填空1.Thisisthebook______Iboughtyesterday.2.Thegirl______isstandingunderthetreeismysister.3.Theman______youmetintheparkisournewteacher.4.Thisisthehouse______windowsfacesouth.5.Wevisitedthemuseum______hasalotofancientartifacts.6.Theboy______fatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.7.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?8.Thefilm______wesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.（二）用适当的关系副词(when,where,why)填空9.Istillremembertheday______Ifirstcametothisschool.10.Thisisthecity______Iwasborn.11.Canyoutellmethereason______youwerelatethismorning?12.Wewillneverforgettheyear______wewonthechampionship.13.Thepark______weoftenplaybasketballisverybeautiful.14.Doyouknowthereason______herefusedtheinvitation?（三）选择填空(从A,B,C,D中选出最佳答案)15.Theteacher______taughtusEnglishlastyearhasgoneabroad.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose16.Thisisthebeststory______Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom17.Iknowthegirl______motherisanurse.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose18.Hetoldmeeverything______heknewabouttheaccident.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who19.Wevisitedthefactory______makestoysforchildren.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.when20.I'llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthecountryside.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.onwhich三、提升训练题库（一）用关系代词which/that/who/whom填空，并指出关系代词在从句中所充当的成分（主语/宾语）21.Thegirl______iswearingareddressismycousin.(______)22.Thebook______youlentmeisveryuseful.(______)23.Thisisthescientist______inventedthenewmachine.(______)（二）用关系副词when/where/why填空，并指出关系副词在从句中所充当的成分（时间状语/地点状语/原因状语）25.I'llneverforgetthemoment______theteamscoredthewinninggoal.(______)26.Thisistheschool______myfatherworksasateacher.(______)27.Thereason______hewasabsentfromschoolisnotclear.(______)（三）将下列简单句合并为含有定语从句的复合句28.Themanisafamouswriter.Hewrotethisnovel.________________________________________________29.Ihaveafriend.Hisfatherisapoliceman.________________________________________________30.Thisisthevillage.Iwasbornthere.________________________________________________31.Wewillremembertheday.Wegraduatedonthatday.________________________________________________四、答案与解析（一）用适当的关系代词填空1.which/that(先行词是物book，关系代词在从句中作宾语，可省略)2.who/that(先行词是人girl，关系代词在从句中作主语)3.whom/who/that(先行词是人man，关系代词在从句中作宾语，可省略)4.whose(先行词是house，关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰windows)5.which/that(先行词是物museum，关系代词在从句中作主语)6.whose(先行词是boy，关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰father)7.that(先行词是不定代词anything，关系代词用that)8.which/that(先行词是物film，关系代词在从句中作宾语，可省略)（二）用适当的关系副词填空9.when(先行词是时间day，关系副词在从句中作时间状语)10.where(先行词是地点city，关系副词在从句中作地点状语)11.why(先行词是reason，关系副词在从句中作原因状语)12.when(先行词是时间year，关系副词在从句中作时间状语)13.where(先行词是地点park，关系副词在从句中作地点状语)14.why(先行词是reason，关系副词在从句中作原因状语)（三）选择填空15.A(先行词是人teacher，在从句中作主语，用who)16.B(先行词被最高级best修饰，关系代词用that)17.D(先行词是girl，关系代词在从句中作定语修饰mother，用whose)18.B(先行词是不定代词everything，关系代词用that)19.B(先行词是物factory，关系代词在从句中作主语，用which/that)20.C(先行词是物days，关系代词在从句中作宾语spent的宾语，用which/that。注意：如果从句中谓语动词是不及物动词，或从句中已有宾语，则考虑用关系副词when)（四）提升训练答案与解析（简略）21.who/that(主语)22.which/that(宾语)23.who/that(主语)24.whom/who/that(宾语)25.when(时间状语)26.where(地点状语)27.why(原因状语)28.Themanwho/thatwrotethisnovelisafamouswriter./Themanwho/thatisafamouswriterwrotethisnovel.(注意先行词的选择)29.Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisapoliceman.30.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasborn./ThisisthevillageinwhichIwasborn.31.Wewillrememberthedaywhenwegraduated./Wewillrememberthedayonwhichwegraduated.五、学习建议1.理解先行词：确定先行词是人、物、时间、地点还是原因，这是选择正确关系词的第一步。2.分析从句成分：判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语）。充当主语或宾语用关系代词；充当状语用关系副词。3.牢记特殊用法：如先行词是不定代词（something,anything等