2026年研究生入学考试英语一考前押题卷

2026年研究生入学考试英语一考前押题卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitaldetox"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyears,yetitsimplementationremainsfraughtwithcomplexity.Assmartphonesbecomeubiquitous,thelinebetweenworkandleisurehasincreasinglyblurred,leadingtoastateofperpetualconnectivity.Whilemanyindividualsexpressadesiretodisconnect,thepsychologicalandphysiologicalmechanismsunderlyingmoderntechnologymakethistaskexceedinglydifficult.Attheheartofthisissueliesthe"attentioneconomy,"abusinessmodelthatmonetizeshumanfocus.Techgiantsdesignapplicationsspecificallytomaximizeuserengagement,oftenemployingpersuasivetechniquesrootedin1psychology.Featureslikeinfinitescrollandpushnotificationstriggerthereleaseofdopamine,aneurotransmitterassociatedwithpleasureandreward.Thiscreatesacycleof2reinforcement,whereusersareconditionedtochecktheirdevicesincessantly.Consequently,themereactofputtingdownaphonecan3feelingsofanxietyandisolation,symptomscommonlyreferredtoas"nomophobia."Despitethesechallenges,thebenefitsofdisconnectingare4.Researchindicatesthatexcessivescreentimeiscorrelatedwithsleepdisturbances,reducedcognitivefunction,andincreasedlevelsofstress.5,takingabreakfromdigitaldevicesallowsthebraintoreset,improvingcreativityandemotionalwell-being.AstudyconductedbytheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundthatlimitingsocialmediausetothirtyminutesadaysignificantly6levelsoflonelinessanddepression.However,achievingadigitalbalancerequiresmorethanjust7.Itdemandsafundamentalshiftinmindsetandbehavior.Expertssuggestthatusersshouldestablishclearboundaries,suchasdesignated"tech-freezones"inthehomeorspecifictimesofdaywhennotificationsare8.Furthermore,cultivatingofflinehobbiesiscrucial.Activitieslikereading,hiking,orpaintingprovideasenseoffulfillmentthatdigitalinteractionsoftenfailto9.Ultimately,thegoalofadigitaldetoxisnottodemonizetechnologybuttorestore10overit.Byrecognizingthemanipulativedesignofappsandconsciouslychoosinghowtospendourtime,wecanreclaimourautonomy.Inanagewhereinformationisendlessandattentionisscarce,theabilitytodisconnectisnotjustaluxury;itisa11skillfornavigatingmodernlife.Itempowersindividualstoengagewiththeworldmore12,fosteringdeeperrelationshipsandamoreprofoundsenseofpresence.Thejourneytowarddigitalsobrietyis13.Itinvolvesovercomingdeeplyingrainedhabitsandresistingtheallureofconstantstimulation.Yet,withpersistenceandself-compassion,itispossibletobreakfreefromthedigital14.Therewardisaricher,moreauthentichumanexperience,onewheretechnologyservesasatoolratherthana15.Aswemoveforward,findingasustainableequilibriumbetweenthedigitalandphysicalworldswillbeoneofthemostdefining16ofourgeneration.Inconclusion,whilethe17ofthedigitalageoffersunprecedentedconvenience,italsoposessignificantriskstoourmentalhealth.The18toreclaimourattentionisurgent.Byembracingtheprinciplesofdigitaldetox,wecanprotectourcognitiveresourcesand19ouroverallqualityoflife.Wemustlearntonavigatethevirtuallandscapewithoutlosingour20intheprocess.1.[A]behavioral[B]clinical[C]cognitive[D]experimental2.[A]negative[B]positive[C]intermittent[D]neutral3.[A]relieve[B]induce[C]mask[D]suppress4.[A]negligible[B]ambiguous[C]substantial[D]temporary5.[A]Conversely[B]Furthermore[C]Therefore[D]Nevertheless6.[A]diagnosed[B]monitored[C]exacerbated[D]reduced7.[A]willpower[B]hardware[C]software[D]luck8.[A]enabled[B]disabled[C]customized[D]amplified9.[A]deliver[B]promise[C]claim[D]offer10.[A]control[B]access[C]insight[D]ownership11.[A]mandatory[B]redundant[C]optional[D]vital12.[A]passively[B]aggressively[C]mindfully[D]virtually13.[A]linear[B]arduous[C]instantaneous[D]trivial14.[A]leash[B]divide[C]cloud[D]screen15.[A]master[B]crutch[C]luxury[D]toy16.[A]failures[B]achievements[C]challenges[D]trends17.[A]stagnation[B]proliferation[C]obsolescence[D]mystery18.[A]desire[B]need[C]right[D]power19.[A]endanger[B]diminish[C]enhance[D]stabilize20.[A]way[B]footing[C]ground[D]mindSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedavigorousdebateregardingitsimpactonthefutureofemployment.WhileproponentsarguethatAIwillstreamlineoperationsandgeneratenewindustries,skepticswarnofaloomingcrisisofdisplacement.Thisdichotomyoftenobscuresamorenuancedreality:thetransformationofworkitselfratherthanitselimination.Historically,technologicalrevolutions—fromthesteamenginetothecomputer—haveindeedrenderedcertainjobsobsolete.However,theyhavealsoconsistentlycreatednewrolesthatwerepreviouslyunimaginable.TheLuddites,whodestroyedweavingmachineryinthe19thcentury,fearedtheendoflabor,yetthetextileindustryeventuallyflourished,employingmorepeopleindifferentcapacities.Similarly,AIislikelytoautomateroutine,repetitivetasks,butitwillalsoaugmenthumancapabilitiesincomplexdecision-makingandcreativeendeavors.Thekeychallengeliesinthe"skillsgap."AsAIintegrationaccelerates,thedemandforhigh-leveltechnicalskillsandsoftskills,suchasempathyandcriticalthinking,issurging.Unfortunately,thecurrenteducationalinfrastructureisstrugglingtokeeppace.Traditionalcurriculaoftenemphasizerotememorizationandstandardizedtesting,whicharetheveryareaswhereAIexcels.TopreparetheworkforceforanAI-augmentedfuture,educationalsystemsmustpivottowardsfosteringadaptability,lifelonglearning,andinterdisciplinaryproblem-solving.Moreover,thetransitionperiodwillbeuneven.Industriesrelyingheavilyondataprocessingandmanuallogisticswillexperiencedisruptionsoonerthancreativeorcaregivingsectors.Policy-makersfacetheurgenttaskofdevelopingsocialsafetynetsandretrainingprogramstosupportdisplacedworkers.Withoutsuchinterventions,thebenefitsofAIcouldbeconcentratedinthehandsofafew,exacerbatingsocioeconomicinequality.Ultimately,therelationshipbetweenAIandemploymentisnotazero-sumgame.Itisacollaborativeevolution.Byautomatingthemundane,AIhasthepotentialtoliberatehumanstopursuehigher-valueactivitiesthatdefineourhumanity.Thefutureofworkwillnotbeabouthumansversusmachines,buthumansworkingalongsidemachines,leveragingcomputationalpowertosolveglobalchallengesrangingfromclimatechangetodiseaseeradication.21.TheauthormentionstheLudditestoillustratethat______.[A]technologicalprogressinevitablyleadstosocialunrest[B]historicalfearsaboutjoblosswereoftenunfounded[C]thetextileindustrywastheonlysectortoresistautomation[D]destroyingmachineryisanineffectiveresponsetochange22.Accordingtothetext,whatistheprimaryobstaclefacingthecurrenteducationsystem?[A]Lackoffundingfortechnologicalequipment[B]OveremphasisonskillsthatAIcaneasilyreplicate[C]ShortageofqualifiedteachersinSTEMfields[D]Resistancefromstudentsagainstinterdisciplinarylearning23.Theword"augment"(Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.[A]replace[B]reduce[C]enhance[D]isolate24.Whatroledoestheauthorassigntopolicy-makersinthistransition?[A]ToslowdowntheadoptionofAIinvulnerableindustries[B]ToensureequaldistributionofAIresourcesacrosssectors[C]Toprovidesupportforworkersaffectedbyautomation[D]Toprioritizecreativeindustriesoverdata-drivenones25.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentstheauthor’sviewonthefutureofwork?[A]Afiercecompetitionbetweenhumanintelligenceandartificialintelligence[B]Atotalreplacementofhumanlaborbyautonomoussystems[C]Asynergisticpartnershipbetweenhumansandmachines[D]AreturntomanuallaborduetothelimitationsofAIText2Theconceptof"bio-individuality"isrevolutionizingthefieldofnutritionandwellness.Fordecades,dietaryguidelineshavebeenlargelyprescriptive,offering"one-size-fits-all"recommendationsbasedonpopulationaverages.Wehavebeentoldtolimitfats,countcalories,andadheretothefoodpyramid.However,emergingresearchsuggeststhattheseuniversalmandatesmaybefundamentallyflawedbecausetheyfailtoaccountfortheuniquegeneticmakeup,metabolicdifferences,andlifestylefactorsofeachindividual.Theadventofnutrigenomics—thestudyofhowgenesinteractwithdiet—hasprovidedscientificbackingforthispersonalizedapproach.VariationsingenessuchasAPOEandMTHFRcansignificantlyinfluencehowanindividualmetabolizesfatsandprocessesfolate,respectively.Forinstance,apersonwithaspecificvariantoftheAPOEgenemaybeathigherriskforheartdiseaseiftheyconsumeadiethighinsaturatedfats,whileanotherpersonwithadifferentvariantmightprocessthosefatswithnoadverseeffects.Thisexplainswhythesamedietcanleadtoweightlossinonepersonandweightgaininanother.Furthermore,thegutmicrobiome,thecomplexcommunityoftrillionsofbacteriaresidinginourdigestivetract,playsapivotalroleindeterminingournutritionalneeds.Thecompositionofthemicrobiomeisinfluencedbyfactorsrangingfrombirthmethodtoantibioticuse.Recentstudiesindicatethatgutbacteriacanmanipulatecravingsandaffectmood,creatingabidirectionalrelationshipbetweendietandmentalhealth.Personalizednutritionofteninvolvesmodifyingthediettocultivateahealthymicrobiome,therebytreatingtherootcauseofchronicconditionsratherthanjustthesymptoms.Despitethepromise,thepathtowidespreadadoptionofpersonalizednutritionisfraughtwithhurdles.Costandaccessibilityaresignificantbarriers.Comprehensivegenetictestingandcontinuousmonitoringofbiomarkerscanbeexpensive.Additionally,thesheervolumeofdatageneratedcanbeoverwhelmingforconsumers,necessitatingtheinterventionofsophisticatedalgorithmsorexpertnutritioniststotranslaterawdataintoactionableadvice.Criticsalsoarguethatthefocusonindividualoptimizationmaydistractfrompublichealthissuessuchasfooddesertsandobesityepidemicsthatrequiresystemicchanges.Whilebio-individualityisapowerfultool,itmustnotbecomealuxuryavailableonlytothewealthy.Thefutureofnutritionliesinbalancinghigh-techpersonalizationwithbroadeffortstoimprovethequalityoftheglobalfoodsupply.26.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?[A]Traditionaldietaryguidelinesarescientificallyproventobeeffective.[B]Populationaveragesarethemostreliablebasisfornutritionaladvice.[C]Standardizednutritionaladviceisofteninadequateduetoindividualdifferences.[D]Thefoodpyramidshouldbeabolishedimmediately.27.TheauthorusestheexampleoftheAPOEgenetoshowthat______.[A]genetictestingisessentialforeveryone[B]saturatedfatsarealwaysharmfultohealth[C]geneticdifferencesaffectdietaryoutcomes[D]heartdiseaseissolelydeterminedbygenetics28.Accordingtothetext,thegutmicrobiomeinfluenceshealthby______.[A]eliminatingtheneedformedication[B]regulatingcravingsandmood[C]stabilizingthegeneticmakeup[D]preventingallchronicconditions29.Whatisamajorchallengeforthewidespreadadoptionofpersonalizednutritionmentionedinthetext?[A]Thelackofscientificevidencesupportingit[B]Thedifficultyinanalyzinggeneticdata[C]Thehighcostandcomplexityofimplementation[D]Therefusalofpeopletochangetheireatinghabits30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpersonalizednutritioncanbebestdescribedas______.[A]skeptical[B]cautiousbutoptimistic[C]entirelydismissive[D]blindlyenthusiasticText3Intherealmofurbanplanning,the"15-minutecity"concepthasemergedasaradicalresponsetothechallengesofmodernurbanization.EnvisionedbyProfessorCarlosMoreno,themodelproposesthatresidentsshouldbeabletoaccessalltheirbasicneeds—work,shopping,education,healthcare,andleisure—withina15-minutewalkorbikeridefromtheirhomes.Thisvisionstandsinstarkcontrasttothesprawling,car-dependentcitiesthathavedominatedthe20thcentury.Thelogicbehindthe15-minutecityismultifaceted.Environmentally,reducingrelianceonprivatevehiclesiscrucialforloweringcarbonemissionsandcombatingclimatechange.Transportationisamajorcontributortourbanpollution,andshiftingtoactivemobilitylikewalkingandcyclingcansignificantlyimproveairquality.Socially,reclaimingstreetsfromcarsfosterscommunityinteraction.Whenpeoplewalk,theyencountertheirneighbors,uselocalshops,andengagewiththeirenvironment,creatingavibrant"streetlife"thatisoftenabsentincar-centricsuburbs.Economically,themodelpromotesadecentralizednetworkoflocalbusinessesratherthanmassive,centralizedshoppingmalls.Thisdecentralizationenhancesurbanresilience,aslocaleconomiesarelesssusceptibletosystemicshocksthatmightdisruptglobalsupplychains.DuringtheCOVID-19pandemic,forexample,thefragilityoflongsupplychainsbecameevident,whilelocal"proximitycommerce"provedremarkablyresilient.However,theimplementationofthe15-minutecityisnotwithoutcontroversy.Criticsarguethatsuchintensiveurbanplanningcanleadtogentrification,displacinglower-incomeresidentsaspropertyvaluesriseinthesedesirable,well-connectedneighborhoods.Thereisalsotheconcernof"urbansegregation,"wherewealthyenclavesenjoyhigh-qualityamenitieswhileotherareasareneglected.Tobesuccessful,themodelmustbeinclusive,ensuringthataffordablehousingisintegratedintotheseaccessibleneighborhoods.Anotherchallengeistheretrofittingofexistingcities.Whilebuildingnewdistrictsbasedonthisprincipleisrelativelystraightforward,transformingestablishedcar-centricinfrastructuresrequiresmassiveinvestmentandpoliticalwill.Itinvolvesredesigningstreets,repurposingparkinglots,andincentivizingmixed-usedevelopments.Despitethesehurdles,the15-minutecityisgainingtractionglobally.Paris,Melbourne,andBarcelonahavealreadybegunimplementingmeasurestodecentralizetheirurbanfabrics.Theshiftrepresentsafundamentalreimaginingofurbanlife,prioritizinghumanwell-beingandenvironmentalsustainabilityovervehicularefficiency.Itisamoveawayfromthecityasamachineforproductionandtowardsthecityasahabitatforliving.31.The"15-minutecity"conceptisprimarilydesignedto______.[A]reducethecostofpublictransportation[B]increasetheefficiencyofdeliveryservices[C]ensureaccessibilityofessentialserviceswithinashortdistance[D]encouragepeopletobuyprivatevehicles32.Accordingtothetext,howdoesthe15-minutecitybenefittheenvironment?[A]Bypromotingtheuseofelectriccars[B]Bydecreasingtheneedforcartravel[C]Bylimitingtheconstructionofnewbuildings[D]Byfocusingonindustrialzonesoutsideresidentialareas33.Theword"resilience"(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto______.[A]rigidity[B]vulnerability[C]adaptability[D]speed34.Whatisapotentialnegativesocialconsequenceofimplementingthe15-minutecity?[A]Increasedtrafficcongestionincitycenters[B]Thedisplacementoflow-incomeresidents[C]Adeclineinthequalityofeducation[D]Thecollapseoflocalbusinesses35.Whichofthefollowingcitieshasstartedimplementingthe15-minutecitymodel?[A]NewYork[B]London[C]Tokyo[D]BarcelonaText4Thenarrativeofthe"vanishingmiddleclass"hasbecomeastapleofpoliticaldiscourseintheWest.Economicdatasupportstheconcern:intheUnitedStatesandEurope,theshareofincomegoingtothemiddle50%ofhouseholdshasdeclinedoverthelastthreedecades.Thisphenomenonisnotmerelyastatisticalcuriosity;itrepresentsaprofoundshiftinthesocioeconomicstructurewithfar-reachingimplicationsforsocialcohesionanddemocraticstability.Severalfactorshaveconspiredtohollowoutthemiddleclass.Globalizationhasexposedworkerstointernationalcompetition,puttingdownwardpressureonwages,particularlyinmanufacturing.Technologicalautomationhasfurthererodedthedemandformid-skilledroutinejobs—thebackboneofthepost-warmiddleclass.Simultaneously,the"financialization"oftheeconomyhasdirectedwealthtowardsthefinancialsectorandassetholders,exacerbatingwealthinequality.Thehousingcrisis,markedbyskyrocketingrentsandhomeprices,hasmadeitincreasinglydifficultforthemiddleclasstoaccumulatewealth,whichhastraditionallybeentheprimaryfunctionofthisdemographic.Theconsequencesofthiserosionaremultifaceted.Economically,ashrinkingmiddleclassdampensconsumerdemand,asmiddle-incomehouseholdsaretheprimarydriversofconsumption.Thiscanleadtosluggisheconomicgrowth.Socially,themiddleclasshashistoricallyactedasabufferbetweentherichandthepoor,fosteringasenseofshareddestinyandstability.Itsdeclinecanleadtopolarization,associetybifurcatesintoan"usversusthem"dynamic.Politicalscientistshavelinkedtheriseofpopulistmovementsonboththeleftandtherighttotheeconomicanxietiesofthedisplacedmiddleclass.Addressingthisdeclinerequiresamulti-prongedapproach.Educationreformisessentialtoequipworkerswiththeskillsneededforahigh-techeconomy.Taxpoliciesthatfavorcapitaloverlaborneedtobere-evaluatedtoensureafairerdistributionofwealth.Strengtheninglaborunionsandworkerbargainingpowercanalsohelprestorethewagegrowththatonceunderpinnedthemiddleclass.Furthermore,addressingthehousingaffordabilitycrisisthroughzoningreformandinvestmentinaffordablehousingiscriticalforallowingwealthaccumulation.Therevivalofthemiddleclassisnotjustamatterofeconomics;itisamatterofpreservingthesocialfabric.Avibrantmiddleclasspromotesintergenerationalmobility,trustininstitutions,andcivicengagement.Withoutit,thesocialcontractfrays,andthepromiseofmeritocracyringshollow.Thechallengeformoderngovernmentsistoenactpoliciesthatreversethesetrendswithoutstiflinginnovationoreconomicdynamism.36.Whatisthecentraltopicofthetext?[A]Thecausesofthe2008financialcrisis[B]Thedeclineandimplicationsofashrinkingmiddleclass[C]Thebenefitsofglobalizationfordevelopingnations[D]Theriseofpopulistpoliticalmovements37.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowinghasNOTcontributedtothedeclineofthemiddleclass?[A]Globalization[B]Technologicalautomation[C]Increasedminimumwagelaws[D]Financializationoftheeconomy38.Thetextsuggeststhatthedeclineofthemiddleclassleadstopolitical______.[A]stability[B]apathy[C]polarization[D]centralization39.Whyisthemiddleclassimportantfortheeconomyaccordingtothetext?[A]Theyprovidethebulkofthetaxrevenue.[B]Theyaretheprimarysourceofconsumerdemand.[C]Theyownthemajorityofthemanufacturingcompanies.[D]Theyareresponsibleformosttechnologicalinnovations.40.Theauthor’stoneinthepassagecanbestbedescribedas______.[A]optimistic[B]analytical[C]cynical[D]indifferentPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]TheShiftfromEfficiencytoResilience[B]TheRoleofGovernmentRegulation[C]GlobalizationversusLocalization[D]RedefiningEconomicValue[E]TheEnvironmentalImperative[F]TheSocialDimensionofSustainability[G]TheLimitsofTraditionalGrowthModels41.______Forthebetterpartofacentury,thedominantmetricofeconomicsuccesshasbeenGrossDomesticProduct(GDP).Thissingularfocusongrowthhasdrivenunprecedentedmaterialprosperity,butithasalsoledtosignificantecologicaldegradationandsocialinequality.AsweentertheAnthropoceneepoch,itisbecomingincreasinglyclearthatthelinearmodelof"take-make-dispose"isunsustainable.Wearehittingtheplanetaryboundaries—climatechange,biodiversityloss,andnitrogencycles—thatdefinethesafeoperatingspaceforhumanity.ContinuingtoprioritizeGDPgrowthaboveallelseisakintodrivingacarfasterandfasterwhiletheengineissmokingandthewheelsarefallingoff.42.______Thefragilityofglobalsupplychains,exposedbytheCOVID-19pandemicandgeopoliticaltensions,hashighlightedtheneedforresilience.Inthepast,efficiencywasthegoldenrule:just-in-timemanufacturing,leaninventories,andlowest-costsourcingwerethehallmarksofcorporatesuccess.However,efficiencyoftencomesatthecostofredundancyandflexibility.Whenasinglefactoryinadistantcountryshutsdown,theentireglobalproductionlinecangrindtoahalt.Futureeconomicsystemsmustprioritizeresilience—theabilitytowithstandshocksandrecoverquickly—evenifitmeansacceptingslightlyhigheroperatingcostsundernormalconditions.43.______Thistransitionisfundamentallyaboutredefiningwhatwevalue.Currently,naturalcapital—cleanair,water,biodiversity—istreatedasaninfinitefreeresource,whilesocialcapital—community,health,equity—isoftenignoredbymarketprices.Asustainableeconomyrequirestheinternalizationoftheseexternalities.Thismeansputtingapriceoncarbontoreflecttheenvironmentalcostofemissions,andvaluingthelaborofcarework—oftenperformedbywomenunpaid—whichiscrucialforthereproductionofsociety.Weneedtomovebeyondfinancialcapitalasthesolemeasureofwealth.44.______Thepursuitofsustainabilitycannotbeseparatedfromsocialjustice.A"green"economythatperpetuatespovertyandexclusionisneithersustainablenordesirable.Thetransitiontoalow-carbonworldwillinevitablydisplaceworkersinfossilfuelindustries.Ajusttransitionensuresthattheseworkersareretrainedandthatthebenefitsofgreeninvestmentaredistributedequitablyacrosssociety.Furthermore,indigenouscommunities,whoareoftenthebeststewardsofbiodiversity,mustbegivenaseatatthetableandrightsovertheirlands.Environmentaldegradationdisproportionatelyaffectsthepoorandmarginalized,makingenvironmentalisminherentlyasocialissue.45.______Ultimately,themovetowardsasustainableeconomyisaresponsetoanexistentialthreat.Thescientificconsensusonclimatechangeisunequivocal:wemusthalveemissionsby2030andreachnet-zeroby2050toavoidcatastrophicwarming.Thisrequiresaradicaltransformationoftheenergysector,movingfromfossilfuelstorenewables.Italsodemandsarevolutioninagriculture,movingfromindustrialmonoculturestoregenerativepracticesthatsequestercarbon.Theenvironmentalimperativeisnotjustaboutsavingnature;itisaboutpreservingtheconditionsforhumancivilizationtothrive.Theeconomyisasubsystemoftheenvironment,nottheotherwayaround.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Therapidadvancementofdigitaltechnologyhasfundamentallyalteredthewaywecommunicate,work,andlive.Whilethistransformationhasbroughtaboutimmensebenefits,ithasalsointroducedcomplexethicaldilemmasthatsocietyisonlybeginningtograpplewith.Oneofthemostpressingissuesistheerosionofprivacyinthedigitalage.Asweintegratesmartdevicesintoeveryaspectofourlives,fromwearablehealthtrackerstohomeautomationsystems,wegeneratevastamountsofdata.Thisdata,oftenreferredtoas"digitalfootprints,"canrevealintimatedetailsaboutourhabits,preferences,andevenourhealthstatus.Thecollectionandmonetizationofthisdatabytechgiantshaveraisedconcernsaboutsurveillanceandthecommodificationofpersonalinformation.Often,usersareunawareoftheextentofdatacollectionorthepurposesforwhichtheirdataisused.Thelackoftransparencyindatapoliciescreatesapowerimbalancebetweencorporationsandindividuals.Furthermore,theriseofalgorithmicdecision-makinginareassuchashiring,lending,andcriminaljusticeposesrisksofbiasanddiscrimination.Algorithms,thoughoftenperceivedasobjective,aretrainedonhistoricaldatathatmayreflectandperpetuateexistingsocietalprejudices.Therefore,itisimperativethatweestablishrobustlegalframeworksandethicalguidelinestogoverntheuseoftechnology,ensuringthatitservestoenhancehumanwelfareratherthanundermineit.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouarethepresidentoftheUniversityStudentUnion.Writeanemailtoallinternationalstudentstowelcomethemtotheuniversityandoffersomepracticaladvicefortheirupcomingcampuslife.YoushouldwriteclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150-200wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)(ChartDescription:Abarcharttitled"WaysCollegeStudentsSpendTheirSummerVacations."Thecharthasfourbarsrepresentingpercentagesfordifferentactivities.1."Part-timeJob":45%2."SocialPractice/VolunteerWork":30%3."Traveling":15%4."StudyingatHome":10%)答案与解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[A]behavioral解析：此处指科技公司利用基于行为心理学的技术来吸引用户。Behavioralpsychology（行为心理学）是研究人类行为的心理学科，符合上下文关于诱导用户行为的语境。2.[B]positive解析：上下文提到多巴胺是与愉悦和奖励相关的神经递质，这种机制让用户不断检查手机，这是一种“正向强化”循环，即行为带来奖励从而增强行为。3.[B]induce解析：前文提到用户习惯了不断看手机，因此放下手机会“引发”焦虑和孤独感。Relieve(缓解)与语境相反；Mask(掩盖)和Suppress(压制)不如induce(引起/导致)贴切。4.[C]substantial解析：前文提到断开连接很难，但此处用However转折，表示其好处是“巨大的”或“实质性的”。Negligible(微不足道的)与转折逻辑