高级英语课件

高级英语课件演示文稿第一页，共79页。高级英语课件第二页，共79页。Unit10TheSadYoungMenbyRodW.Horton&HerbertW.Edwards第三页，共79页。TeachingPointsI.BackgroundknowledgeII.IntroductiontothepassageIII.TextAnalysisIV.RhetoricaldevicesV.Questions第四页，共79页。第五页，共79页。I.BackgroundKnowledgeA.TheAuthor----RodW.Horton(1910-)BorninWhitePlainsN.Y.Instructor,NewYorkUniversity,(1937-45)Assistantprofessor(1945-49)Associateprofessor(1949-57)Culturalaffairsofficer(1957-64)Professor,ColoradoUniversity(1964-)Visitingprofessor,UniversityofBrazil(1954-56)Visitingprofessor,UniversityofCoimbra(1961-64)

Publications:BackgroundsofAmericanLiteraryThought(1952)BackgroundsofEuropeanLiterature(1954)第六页，共79页。I.BackgroundKnowledgeB.

Someterms:

--TheSadYoungMen--TheLostGeneration--TheBeatGeneration--TheAngryYoungMen第七页，共79页。TheSadYoungMenandTheLostGenerationrefertothesamegroupofpeople.TheformerwascreatedbyF.ScottFitzgerald;thelatter,byGertrudeStein.TheywereappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvalues,butcouldreplacethemonlybydespairorcynicalhedonism.AfterWWIIappearedTheBeatGenerationinUS.ItwasappliedtocertainAmericanartistsandwriterswhowerepopularduringthe1950s.Duringthe1960s“beat”ideasandattitudeswereabsorbedbyotherculturalmovements,andthosewhopracticedthe“beat”lifestylewerecalled“hippies”.AtthistimethereappearedinEnglandagroupcalledTheAngryYoungMen.ThistermwasappliedtoagroupofEnglishwritersofthe1950swhoseheroessharedcertainrebelliousandcriticalattitudestowardssociety.第八页，共79页。I.BackgroundKnowledgeC.

Otherliteraryfigures:

--GertrudeStein--E.Hemingway

第九页，共79页。1.GertrudeStein(1874-1946)Americanauthorandpatronofthearts.Acelebratedpersonality,sheencouraged,aided,andinfluenced—throughherpatronageaswellasthroughherwriting—manyliteraryandartisticfigures.ThefifthandyoungestchildoftheDanielandAmeliaSteinfamily,GertrudewasbornonFebruary3,1874intouppermiddleclasssurroundingsinAllegheny,Pennsylvania.In1902shewentabroadandfrom1903untilherdeathlivedchieflyinParis.

Whenshewas3yearsoldthefamilymovedtoViennaandthenontoParisbeforereturningtoAmericainlate1878."SoIwasfiveyearsoldwhenwecamebacktoAmericahavingknownAustrianGermanandFrenchFrench,andnowAmericanEnglish,aniceworldifthereisenoughofit,andmoreorlesstherealwaysis."

第十页，共79页。第十一页，共79页。HerfathermovedthefamilytoOakland,Californiasoonaftertheirreturn.HerbrotherLeo,2yearshersenior,andGertrudefoundlikeinterestsandbecameclosealliesthroughmuchoftheirearlylives.Gertrudewas8whenshemadeherfirstattemptatwriting.ReadingbecameanobsessionforherbeginningwithShakespeareandbooksonnaturalhistory.Gertrude'sloveaffairwithwordswouldlaterrevealitselfinherownworks.Inschoolshewasfascinatedwiththestructuringofsentences."Isupposeotherthingsmaybemoreexcitingtoothers...Ilikethefeelingtheeverlastingfeelingofsentencesastheydiagramthemselves."

第十二页，共79页。In1891herfatherdiedsuddenly,andtheoldestbrotherMichaelassumedthepositionofearningalivingforthefamily.TheSteinsmovedtoSanFranciscowhereGertrudebecameintriguedbythetheaterandopera...apassionshewouldcontinueaftershemovedtoBaltimorein1892tolivewithawealthyaunt."...howstrangeitwasformecomingfromaratherdesperateinnerlifeIhadbeenlivingforthelastfewyearstoacheerfullifeofallauntsanduncles."

GertrudeenteredRadcliffeCollegein1893.Asastudentshedevelopedaspecialphilosophicalrelationshipwithherteacher,WilliamJames.Jamestoldher,"Ihopeyouwillpardonmeifyourecognizesomefeaturesofmyidealstudentasyourown."第十三页，共79页。OnaparticularlynicespringdayduringfinalexamsinJames'courseshewroteatthetopofherpaper..."DearProfessorJames,IamsorrybutreallyIdonotfeelabitlikeanexaminationpaperinphilosophytoday."

ThenextdayshereceivedapostcardfromJamessaying,"IunderstandperfectlyhowyoufeelIoftenfeellikethatmyself."andthengaveherthehighestmarkinhiscourse.Withphilosophyandpsychologycoursesbehindher,GertrudedecidedonacareerinmedicineandenrolledatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.ShelaterstudiedmedicineinEuropeandeventuallydismissedthewholeidea.WanderlusthadcapturedherattentionasshetraveledthroughItaly,Germany,andEngland...livingforawhilewithbrotherLeoinLondon.第十四页，共79页。ShereturnedtoAmericatolivewithfriendsinNewYork.Itwasherethatshewroteherfirstnovel"Q.E.D.".Itwould,forsomereason,belostfor30yearsandnotbepublisheduntil4yearsafterherdeathunderthetitleof"ThingsAsTheyAre".LeoSteinmovedtoParisandtookupresidenceat27RuedeFleurus.Gertrudejoinedhimin1904,andwouldnottouchfootuponAmericansoilagainfor30years...soonbecomingalegendinherowntime.Stein’sbestknownworksare:ThreeLives(1909),TheMakingofAmericans(1925),AutobiographyofAliveB.Toklas(1933).第十五页，共79页。2.ErnestHemingway

ErnestHemingway(1899-1961)Americannovelistandshortstorywriter,oneofthegreatAmericanwritersofthe20thcentury.第十六页，共79页。Hisfictionfocusesonpeoplelivingessential,dangerouslives—soldiers,fishermen,athletes,bullfighters—whomeetthepainanddifficultyoftheirexistencewithstoiccourage.Hiscelebratedliterarystyle,influencedbyEzraPoundandGertrudeStein,isdirect,terseandoftenmonotonous,yetparticularlysuitedtohiselementalsubjectmatter.

第十七页，共79页。DuringWorldWarIheservedasanambulancedriverinFranceandintheItalianinfantryandwaswoundedjustbeforehis19thbirthday.Later,whileworkinginParisascorrespondentfortheTorontoStar,hebecameinvolvedwiththeexpatriatecirclesurroundingGertrudeStein.WiththepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises(1926),hewasrecognizedasthespokesmanofthe“lostgeneration”.第十八页，共79页。DuringtheSpainishCivilWar,Hemingwayservedasacorrespondentontheloyalistside;fromthisexperiencecamehisgreatnovel,ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940).HemingwayfoughtinWorldWarIIandthensettledinCubain1945.HisnoveletteTheOldManandtheSea(1952)celebratestheindomitablecourageofanagedCubanfisherman.第十九页，共79页。

In1954,HemingwaywasawardedtheNobelPrizeinliterature.Owingtoillhealthanddiminishingmentalfaculties,inJuly1961,hecommmittedsuicidebyshootinghimself.第二十页，共79页。II.WordsandExpressions

1.romanticize(L2,P1)vt.使浪漫化,使传奇化

romanticallyadv.浪漫地

romanticismn.浪漫精神,浪漫主义

romanticistn.浪漫主义者

romanzan.浪漫曲,叙事短诗,抒情短诗第二十一页，共79页。Wordsandexpressions2.speakeasy(L7,P1)---aplacewherealcoholicdrinksaresoldillegallyduringProhibition.3.Puritanmorality(L7,P1)---extremeorexcessivestrictnessinmattersofmorals.StrictPuritansevenregardeddrinking,gamblingandparticipationintheatricalperformancesaspunishableoffences.4.flask-toting(L10,P1)---adj.alwayscarryingasmallflaskfilledwithwhiskyorotherstrongliquor.第二十二页，共79页。Wordsandexpressions5.sheik(L10,P1)---amasterfulmantowhomwomenaresupposedtobeirresistiblyattracted6.flapper(L11,P1)---(colloq.)ayoungwomanconsideredboldandunconventionalinactionsanddress.7.drugstorecowboy(L11,P1)---awesternmovieextrawholoafsinfrontofdrugstoresbetweenpictures第二十三页，共79页。Wordsandexpressions8.Victorian(L1,P3)

---showingthemiddle-classrespectability,prudery,bigotry,etc.generallyattributedtoVictorianEnglandoverwhich

QueenVictoriaruled(1837-1901)9.Bohemian(L5,P4)---aperson,especiallyanartist,poet,etc.wholivesinanunconventional,nonconformingway第二十四页，共79页。Wordsandexpressions10.Prohibition(L12,P4)---theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture,transportation,andsaleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurposes(theperiodof1920-1933),theprohibitionbyFederallaw.11.jingoism(L7,P5)n.主战论,武力外交政策,沙文主义,侵略主义

jingoistn.沙文主义者,侵略主义者

jingon.沙文主义者第二十五页，共79页。Wordsandexpressions12.soapopera(L15,P5)---adaytimeradioortelevisionserialdramaofahighlymelodramatic,sentimentalnature.Ithasbeensocalledsincemanyoriginalsponsorsweresoapcompanies.13.GreenwichVillage(L1,P7)---sectionofNewYorkCity,onthelowerwestsideofManhattan;notedasacenterforartists,writers,etc.14.Babbittry(L9,P7)

---(afterGeorgeBabbitt,titlecharacterofasatiricalnovelbySinclairLewis)asmuglyconventionalpersoninterestedchieflyinbusinessandsocialsuccessandindifferenttoculturalvalues.n.市侩作风、庸俗之人

Philistinen.(中东古国)腓力斯人,仇敌,俗气的人;adj.俗气的,无教养的第二十六页，共79页。Wordsandexpressions15.fast(L7,P8)---adj.livinginareckless,wild,dissipatedway16.boobery(L12,P9)---sameasBabbittry,smug,self-satisfied,conformistinculturalmattersn.愚人之统称,愚笨;booby:n.呆子,傻瓜17.keepupwiththeJoneses(L22,P9)---strivetogetallthematerialthingsone’sneighborsorassociateshave.第二十七页，共79页。III.IntroductiontotheText1.Typeofliteratureapieceofexpositivewriting2.

MainideaexplainingaperiodinAmericanhistory;itfocusesonattitudes,revoltoftheyoungpeople—disappointedanddisillusionedwritersandartists,backfromWorldWarI(1914-1918),oncelivedabroadasexpatriates,laterreturnedvoluntarily.TheywerecalledLostGenerationbecausetheywerecriticalandrebellious.However,theyneverlostbecausetheywerecreativeandproductive.第二十八页，共79页。3.Thetheme“Theintellectualsofthetwenties,the‘sadyoungmen,’cursedtheirluckbutdidn’tdie;escapedbutvoluntarilyreturned;flayedtheBabbittsbutlovedtheircountry,andinsodoinggavethenationtheliveliest,freshest,moststimulatingwritinginliteraryexperience.”4.Clearandsimplestructuralorganization---P.1:introducingthesubject---P.2-9:supportinganddevelopingthethesis---P.10-11:bringingthediscussiontoanend第二十九页，共79页。IV.TextAnalysis1.IdentifyingandunderstandingAmericanismsinthisessay--speakeasy--sheik--flask-toting--drugstorecowboy--flapper--Babbittry--soapopera--fast--boobery第三十页，共79页。2.EffectiveWritingSkills1).Effectiveuseoftopicsentences2).Developinganewbutrelatedaspectofthethoughtstatedinthethesisineachparagraphorparagraphunit.3.RhetoricalDevices1).metaphor2).personification3).metonymy4).transferredepithet第三十一页，共79页。4.SpecialDifficulties

1).Prefixes“-un”and“-in”(-im,-il,-ir)bearinganegativemeaning2).Paraphrasingsomesentences3).Identifyingfiguresofspeech第三十二页，共79页。V.DetailedStudyoftheText

PartIParagraph1Sentence1:sensationallyromanticized:

(Thisso-calledproblem)wastreatedinapassionate,idealizedmannertoshockthrillandrousetheinterestofpeople.paraphrase:

AfterWorldWarI,duringthe1920s,everyaspectoflifeinU.S.wascommentedupon,butpeoplecommentupontheRebellionoftheYoungerGenerationmorethanalltheotheraspects.Peopletreateditveryromanticallyandsensationally.第三十三页，共79页。第三十四页，共79页。2).memoriesof…countryroad:Thesearetherecollectionsofthenostalgicmiddle-aged.

deliciouslyillicitthrill:

Avisittoaspeakeasy,averyenjoyableandexcitingaction,wasprohibitedbecausetheseplacessoldalcoholicdrinksillegally.

Puritanmorality:

excessivestrictnessinmattersofmorals.StrictPuritansevenregardeddrinking,gamblingandparticipationintheatricalperformancesaspunishableoffences.

fashionableexperimentationsinamour:tryingoutnewwaysoflovemakingaseveryonewasdoingatthattimeparkedsedan:inasedancarparkedonlonelycountryroads第三十五页，共79页。3).questionsabout…drugstorecowboy:Someofthequestionsaskedbycuriousyoungpeople.naughty:

mildlyindecent

jazzy:

(aparty)playingjazzmusic

sheik:amasterfulmantowhomwomenaresupposedtobeirresistiblyattractedmoralandstylisticvagaries:oddandeccentricdressandconductflapper:inthe1920s,ayoungwomanconsideredboldandunconventionalinactionanddressdrugstorecowboy:awesternmovieextrawholoafsinfrontofdrugstoresbetweenpictures第三十六页，共79页。Sentence5:Theanswerstosuch…jazz-madyouth.

1).Theanswerstosuch…“yes”and“no”:paraphrase:

Peoplecannotgiveasimple“yes”or“no”answertosuchquestions.Theyshouldbeansweredwithboth“yes”and“no”becauseofnecessity.2).“yes”…Problem:paraphrase:

Duringtheprocesswhenchildrengrowuptobecomeadults,therealwaysexistsaYoungerGenerationProblem.Inthissensetheanswermustbe“yes”.第三十七页，共79页。3).“no”…jazzmadyouth:seeinperspective:tovieworjudgethingsoreventsinawaythatshowtheirtruerelationstooneanother.degeneration:moralcorruption,depravityjazzmad:blindlyandfoolishlyfondofjazzmusicparaphrase:

Whenlookingbacknowtothosedaysandviewthingsintheirtruerelationstooneanother,weseethatthesocialbehavioroftheyoungpeoplewasnotverywild,irresponsible,andimmoral.Theirbehaviorwasfarfrombeingassensationalasthedegenerationofjazzmadyouth.Therefore,inthissense,theanswermustbe“no”.

第三十八页，共79页。Paragraph2Sentence1:paraphrase:

Infact,therevoltoftheyoungpeoplewasanecessaryandexpectedconsequenceoftheconditionsthatexistedinthisperiodofhistory.Sentence2:

paraphrase:

WemustrememberthattherevoltoftheyoungdidnottakeplaceonlyintheU.S.,butaffectedallthecountriesintheWesternworld.TheirrevoltwastheresultofWorldWarI—thebiggestandmostseriouswarinahundredyears.第三十九页，共79页。Sentence3:1).Itwasreluctantly…ortradition:

subconscious:occurringwithoutconsciousperception,orwithonlyslightperception,onthepartoftheindividualtradition:stories,beliefs,customs,etc.,handeddownorallyfromgenerationtogenerationparaphrase:

SomepeopleintheU.S.fullyunderstood,thoughunwillingly,thattheU.S.shouldnolongerremainisolatedpoliticallyorinmattersofsocialcustomsandpractices.Ifthesepeopledidnotstatetheirviewsopenly,atleast,theyunderstooditsubconsciously.第四十页，共79页。2).Wehadreached…borderingoceans:reachinternationalstature:todevelopandgrowintoanationrespectedandesteemedbyallothernationsintheworldprovincial:narrowinoutlook/views,limitedlikethatofruralprovinces.Herethewordmeansnarrowlikethatofasinglecountry—theU.S..paraphrase:

metaphor,comparing“provincialmorality”to“artificialwalls”.Wehavebecomeaworldpowersowecannolongerinouractionjustfollowtheprinciplesofrightandwrongasacceptedinourowncountry,norcanweremainisolatedgeographicallyprotectedbytheAtlanticandPacificoceans.Inotherwords,theU.S.cannolongerpursueapolicyofisolationism.第四十一页，共79页。Paragraph3Sentence1:Victorian:showingthemiddle-classrespectability,prudery,bigotry,etc.generallyattributedtoVictorianEnglandgentility:thequalityofbeinggenteel;now,specificallyexcessiveoraffectedrefinementandelegance

paraphrase:

Inanycase,Americacouldnotavoidcastingasideitsmiddle-classrespectabilityandaffectedrefinement.第四十二页，共79页。Sentence2:roaring:veryactiveorsuccessful;briskimpersonality:thelackorabsenceofapersonalorhumancharacter;thequalityorstateofnotinvolvingpersonalfeelingsortheemotionsaggressiveness:impliesaboldandenergeticpursuitofone’sends,connoting,inderogatoryusage,aruthlessdesiretodominateand,inafavorablesense,enterprise,initiative,etc.code:anysetofprinciplesorrulesofconductparaphrase:

AfterWorldWarI,Americabecameahighlyindustrializedcountry.Therewerebigsuccessfulfactoriesoperatingeverywhere.Businessbecamehugecorporationsdevoidofanyhumanfeelingsandtheruthlessdesiretodominatewasexercisedtoalargescale.Inthisnewatmosphere,theprinciplesofpolite,courteousandconsideratebehaviorandconductthatwereformedinaquieterandlesscompetitiveage(beforeWorldWarI)couldnolongerexist.第四十三页，共79页。Sentence3:medium:environmentbattleforsuccess:metaphor.Theyhadtofightasinabattleinordertobecomesuccessful.paraphrase:

Withorwithoutawar,asonegenerationfollowedanother,theyoungpeoplefounditincreasinglydifficulttoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatseemedinnowaytoberelatedtothenoisy,busyworldofbusiness,anditwasinthisbustlingbusinessworldthattheywereexpectedtobecomesuccessful.第四十四页，共79页。Sentence4:1).Thewaracted…socialstructure:agent:anactiveforceorsubstanceproducinganeffectcatalyticagent:catalyst;apersonorthingactingasthestimulusinbringingaboutorhasteningaresultparaphrase:metaphor,thewarbeingcomparedtoacatalyticagent.ThewaronlyhelpedtospeedupthebreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure.2).byprecipitating…violentenergies:paraphrase:BythrowingouryoungpeoplesuddenlyandunexpectedlyintoaWorldWar,whichwasaformofmassmurder,wereleasedtheviolentenergieswhichtheyoungpeoplehadsofarheldincheckorrepressed.3).which,aftertheshooting…society:paraphrase:Whenthewarwasover,theyoungpeopleusedtheirnewlyreleasedviolentenergies,bothinEuropeandAmerica,todestroythenineteenth-centurysocietythatwasgettingoldandbecomingunacceptable.

第四十五页，共79页。

PartIIParagraph4Sentence1:challenge:anything,asademandingtask,thatcallsforspecialeffortordedicationmores:customs,especiallythefixedortraditionalcustomsofasociety,oftenacquiringtheforceoflawparaphrase:

Thusinaworldwhereeverythingwaschanging,ouryoungpeoplehadtotakeupthedemandingtaskofreformingourtraditionalsocialcustomsinordertokeepupwiththischangingworld.第四十六页，共79页。Sentence2:air:

anoutwardappearance;generalimpressionorfeelinggivenbysth.sophistication:

thestateofbeingartificial,worldly-wise,urbane,etc.pose:awayofbehavingorspeakingthatisassumedforeffect;pretenseBohemian:

aperson,especiallyanartist,poet,etc.,wholivesinanunconventional,nonconformingwayparaphrase:

InAmericaatleast,theyoungpeoplewerestronglyinclinedtoshirktheirresponsibilities.Theypretendedtobeworldly-wise,drinkingandbehavingnaughtily.Theypretendedtolivelikeunconventionalartistsorpoets,breakingthemoralcodeofthecommunity.第四十七页，共79页。Sentence3:1).Thefaddishness…patternofescape:

faddishness:thefollowingoffadspattern:aregular,mainlyunvaryingwayofactingordoingparaphrase:

Theyoungpeopledidmanyofthefollowingfoolishandwildthingsintheirattempttoescapetheirresponsibilities.Theywentinforallkindsoffads,spentmoneyfreelyontransitorypleasuresandmomentarynovelties.Theypretendedtobewildlygayandexperimentedwithallkindsofsensations,includingthoseproducedbysex,drugs,alcoholandperversions.2).anescape…responsibilities:paraphrase:

TheyoungpeoplecoulddoallthesethingsintheirattempttoescapetheirresponsibilitiesbecauseaftertheWorldWartherewasgeneralprosperityinthecountryandpeopleweretiredofpolitics,economicrestrictionsandinternationalresponsibilities.第四十八页，共79页。Sentence4:1).Prohibition…illicit:Prohibition:theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture,transportation,andsaleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurposes;specificallyintheU.S.,theperiod(1920-1933)ofProhibitionbyFederallawparaphrase:

TheyoungpeoplefoundgreaterpleasureintheirdrinkingbecauseProhibition,bymakingdrinkingunlawful,addedasenseofadventure.2).Themuch-publicized…escapism:much-publicized:

reportedoftenandwidelyinnewspapersandmagazinesorgy:

anywild,riotous,licentiousmerrymakingGreenwichVillage:

sectionofNewYorkCity,onthelowerwestsideofManhattan,notedasacenterforartists,writers,etc.,formerlyavillageparaphrase:

Themuch-publicizedwildandriotouslifeoftheintellectualsinGreenwichVillageandtheirdefiantopendeclarationsoftheirmotivesandintentionsprovidedtheyoungpeoplewithaphilosophythatcouldjustifytheirescapism.第四十九页，共79页。Sentence5:1).Andlike…ranout:paraphrase:

Andlikemostwild,riotouslivesledbytheescapist,thisonealsoendedwhentheescapistsdidn’thaveanymoremoneytospend.2).Thecrash…tosoberup:paraphrase:

metaphor,comparing“thewild,riotouslivingoftheescapists”to“aparty”,and“theescapists”to“drunkenrevelers”.TheGreatEconomicDepressionwhichstartedintheU.S.in1929broughttheyoungescapistsbacktotheirsensesandstoppedthewild,riotouslivestheywereliving.第五十页，共79页。Paragraph5Sentence2:

1).Theprolongedstalemate…idealisticcitizens:thestalemateof1915-1916:

ThisreferstothestalemateontheWesternFrontinEurope.Gruelingtrenchwarfaretookplace,butthebattlelinesremainedvirtuallystationaryforthreeyears.insolenceofGermanytowardstheUnitedStates:

ThisreferstothesinkingoftheLusitania,alinerunderBritishregistration,byaGermansubmarineonMay7,1915.Inthesinking,1,195personslosttheirlives,ofwhom128wereU.S.citizens.TheconsiderablesympathyforGermanythathadpreviouslyexistedintheU.S.toalargeextentdisappeared,andthereweredemandsfrommanyforanimmediatedeclarationofwar.todeclareourstatusasabelligerent:

todeclarewar.Americaenteredthewarratherlate,onApril6,1917.第五十一页，共79页。2).ouryoung…flags:paraphrase:

Ouryoungmenjoinedthearmiesofforeigncountriestofightinthewar.Thewholesentencemeans:

Manypeoplecouldnotenduretheeventsofthestalemate,theinsolenceofGermany,andAmerica’snotdeclaringwar,andencouragedbythewarlikePresidentRoosevelt,youngAmericanswenttothewarbythemselves.第五十二页，共79页。Sentence3&4:fun:

amusement,sport,recreation,adventure,etc.theyoungidealisticpeoplethoughtfightinginawarwassth.adventurousandromantic.turnbellyup:

tofinish,toend.atermborrowedfromfishing.Afishthatfloatsbellyupisdead.paraphrase:

WhydidtheyoungpeoplegotothewarwithoutAmericangovernment’scallingon?TheanswercouldbefoundinWilliamsorinPassos’works.Thatistheywantedtotakepartinthegloriousadventurebeforethewholewarended.Andduringthatperiod,theystillconsideredmilitaryservicearomanticoccupation.第五十三页，共79页。Sentence5&6:magnolia-scented:

meaningnotclear.Itmaymean:1).“havingthescentofthemagnolia”,forthesoapoperawasputupbycompaniessellingmagnolia-scentedsoap;2).“verysweetandcloying”becausethemagnoliaflowerhasaverysweetscent;3).“of,relatingto,orresemblingtheSouth(thesouthernstatesofAmerica)ofpre-civilwardays.”soapopera:

adaytimeradioortelevisionserialdramaofahighlymelodramatic,sentimentalnature.Socalledsincemanyoriginalsponsorsweresoapcompanies.dissolve:

(inmotionpicturesandTV)tofadeormakefadeintooroutofview.第五十四页，共79页。paraphrase:

YoungAmericansdidnotreallyunderstandawar.Theydidnotknowthecrueltyofawar.Theyadoredit,honoreditandthoughtitwasalwaysaglorious,romanticandbeautifulthing!Actuallyitwasnot!!!Intheirmind,thecivilwarof1861-1865wasalwaysportrayedinthemoviesandinstoriesasahighlysentimentaldrama(nostalgictopeoplefromthesouthernstates)andthewarwithSpainin1898alwaysendedinasceneinamovieshowingtheone-sidedvictoryatManilaortheAmericanschargingupSanJuanHill.第五十五页，共79页。Sentence7:Furthermore…exciting.

paraphrase:

Furthermore,manyspeakersathighschoolmeetingstoldtheboysthathardlifeofthewarwouldhelptoformtheircharacter.Thesespeakersconvincedmorethanenoughsuchboys,whoweresensibleinmanyotherrespects,thatfightingintheEuropeanwarwouldnotonlybeidealisticandexcitingbutalsobeofgreatvaluetothempersonally.Sentence8:the“intellectuals”intheambulancecorps:

“intellectuals”isputinquotestoshowthattheywerecollege-agestudentswhoconsideredthemselvestobeintellectualsandwould-bewritersorthosewhohadintellectualinterestsortastes.Theydidnotwanttotakepartintheactualkillingsot