非谓语动词公开课课件

非谓语动词不定式(todo）

否定(nottodo)V-ing（doing）否定(notdoing)过去分词（done）否定(notdone)在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：Iwant

toreadabookwritten

bythewomanliving

there.

谓语非谓语动词

主语宾语定语表语补语状语TodoV-ingV-ed非谓语动词功能表不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？1、作主语Torunisagoodhabit.(=Itisagoodhabittorun.)2、作表语Ourplanistobuildabridgeovertheriver.3、作宾语Iwanttobuy

adictionary.4、作定语Hehasachancetogoabroad.

5、作状语

Tofinishthework,hehadtogetupearly.6、作补语Iaskustohelphim.1、主语Noddingtheheadmeansagreement.点头表示同意。2、宾语Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindows?3、表语Hisjobissellingnewspapers.4、定语Thisisaswimmingpool.V-ing在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？5.补语Hekeptmewaitingsolong.6.状语Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、定语Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.2、表语Theshopisclosed.3、补语Shefeltherarmtoughed.4、状语

Seen

fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.非谓语动词的形式主动态被动态一般式todo

tobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing过去分词done

现在分词主动态

被动态一般式doing

beingdone

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone动词不定式动词不定式的形式Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主动态）

Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被动态)

Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式)

Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主动态)

Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedlong

ago.(完成式的被动态)

We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式)现在分词的形式

Hesatinachair,

readinganovel.(一般式主动态)Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被动态)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主动态)Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被动态)过去分词的形式

Seenfromthespace,theearthisfilledwithwater.

(过去分词被动态)不定式和现在分词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求不定式常用以下动词后作宾语：agree,ask,attempt,begin,demand,desire,dislike,expect,decide,seem,intend,try,permit,refuse,manage,order,persuade,tend,fail,choose,forget,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,wait,等。例如:Hemanagedtopasstheexam.

Hepromisedtobehereatnine.

Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.2.动名词常用以下动词后作宾语:admit,avoidcan’thelp,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,mind,practice,suggest,lookforwardto,

beusedtodoing,succeedin,feellike,stickto,

etc.

例如：

Somepeopledonotenjoysmoking.

Heavoidedansweringmyquestiondefinitely.

Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.不定式,现在分词,过去分词做定语的区别不定式表示即将发生的动作,Thebuildingtobecompletednextmonthisourlibrary.现在分词表示现在发生的动作,

Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.过去分词表示已经发生的动作.Thebuildingbuiltisourlibrary.不定式,现在分词,过去分词做状语的区别不定式作状语一般表示目的,结果或原因:Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．(目的Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．(结果)

Wearegladtohearthenews.(原因)

现在分词作状语一般表示伴随,主动或现在Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．(伴随)Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.过去分词作状语一般表示被动或完成Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Thepopsinger,followedbytwobodyguards,cametomeethisfans.

不定式,现在分词,过去分词做宾补的区别有些使役动词及感官动词后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等

动词不定式只说明宾语的一个动作,宾语与动词不定式是主动关系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.现在分词说明宾语的动作正在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是被动关系Hehadhisbikerepairedyesterday.Hefoundhiswatchstolen.注意问题1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

1）forgettodo忘记要去做某事（此事未做）

forgetdoing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）

2）stoptodo停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事

3）remembertodo记住去做某事（未做）

rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)

4)regrettodo对要做的事遗憾

regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔

5）trytodo努力、企图做某事

trydoing试验、试一试某种办法

6)meantodo打算，有意要…

meandoing意味着

7）goontodo继而（去做另外一件事情）

goondoing继续（原先没有做完的事情）

8）proposetodo打算（要做某事）

proposingdoing建议（做某事）

2.不定代词something,nothing,little,much,alot等习惯上用不定式做定语

Ihavesomethingtodotonight.Hestillhasalotofhomeworktofinish.

3.疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式构成一种特殊的不定式短语:

Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.

(主语)

Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．

(表语)

非谓语动词中的句型

1）Doing...+v.

Readingisanart.阅读是门艺术。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。

2)Itis+nouse/good(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,...)等名词+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。3)Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth

做某事没用

Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk．

4)go+Ving示“从事…”之意

I’llgocampingtomorrow．我明天去露营。

I’llgoshopping．我去商店。

Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。

5)在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思。例如：

Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)6)在某些固定结构Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词

Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.Franklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.不定式

NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingD.expectsB该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用解析[例2]NMET1999第21Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。不定式的作用解析[例3]NMET1997第1Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式

该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。解析不定式的时态和语态[例4]NMET2002第Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.解析不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构另外，not应放在to之前。

在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补。解析不定式的否定形式过去分词1.作状语[例1]NMET1996第23题_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.解析过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。过去分词2.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA

①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析过去分词3.作表语[例3]NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.解析V.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET2000第22题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析历年高考题1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan______(‘03上海春)A．kept

B．tobekept

C．keeping

D．beingkept

2.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement．A．ThepresidentwillattendB．Thepresidenttoattend(‘03上海春)C．ThepresidentattendedD．Thepresident'sattending3.Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference．A．invitedB．invitingC．beinginvitedD．havinginvited(‘03上春)4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive．(‘03上海春)A．tohaveplayed

B．toplayC．tobeplayed

D．tobeplayingADAB5.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.

Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding

10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing15.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.

(97上海12)

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.

(95上海20)

A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(96上海14)A.

topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.

notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice

20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn2.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid3.---Alettermaybetooslow.----Whynot____atelegram.A.trysendingB.trytosendC.totrysendingD.tryingtosend巩固练习CDABAD1._____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.Wa