2026年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二真题练习卷

2026年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二真题练习卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitaldetox"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyears,yetitsdefinitionandimplementationremainasfluidasthetechnologyitseekstoescape.Originally,adetoxreferredtoaperiodofabstinencefromalcoholordrugs,amedicalnecessityto1thebodyofharmfulsubstances.Inthemoderncontext,however,itimpliesavoluntary2fromthedigitalworldtorestorementalbalance.The3isstark:wearemoreconnectedthanever,yetratesofanxiety,depression,andisolationare4.Thisparadoxsuggeststhatourhyper-connectedlifestylemightbethevery5ofourpsychologicaldistress.Proponentsofdigitaldetoxesarguethatconstantconnectivity6astateof"continuouspartialattention,"preventingthebrainfromevertrulyresting.Notifications,emails,andsocialmediaupdatescreateadopamineloop,7ustocheckourdevicesincessantly.Thisbehaviornotonly8productivitybutalsofragmentsoursocialinteractions.Whenwearephysicallypresentbutmentally9toourscreens,weunderminethequalityofourface-to-facerelationships.Consequently,10fromtechnology,evenforashortperiod,istoutedasawaytoreclaimfocusanddeepenhumanconnections.Critics,however,viewthedigitaldetoxtrendwith11.Theyarguethattechnologyismerelyatool,and12itentirelyisneitherpracticalnornecessary.Insteadofabstinence,theyadvocatefor"digitalhygiene"—amindfuland13useoftechnology.Thisapproachrecognizesthatdigitaltoolsare14tomodernworkandsociallife;thegoalisnottoabandonthembuttocontrolthem.Forinstance,15notificationsduringworkhoursorsetting"phone-free"zonesinthehousecanmitigatethenegativeeffectswithout16thebenefitsofdigitalconnectivity.Moreover,thesocietalpressuretodisconnectcanbe17.Formany,especiallythoseinremotejobsorseparatedfromfamily,digitaldevicesarealifeline.Tellingsomeoneto"justlogoff"canbea18ofprivilege,ignoringthestructuralrealitiesthatmakeconstantconnectivitya19ratherthanachoice.Ultimately,whetheronechoosesafull-scaledetoxoramore20approachtodigitalhygiene,theobjectiveshouldbethesame:toensurethattechnologyservesus,ratherthantheotherwayaround.1.[A]rid[B]clear[C]free[D]drain2.[A]absence[B]holiday[C]withdrawal[D]break3.[A]reality[B]contrast[C]outcome[D]implication4.[A]soaring[B]stabilizing[C]declining[D]fluctuating5.[A]symptom[B]remedy[C]source[D]consequence6.[A]induces[B]reduces[C]avoids[D]masks7.[A]forcing[B]allowing[C]encouraging[D]compelling8.[A]boosts[B]hampers[C]defines[D]monitors9.[A]glued[B]opposed[C]accustomed[D]related10.[A]Detachment[B]Benefit[C]Protection[D]Difference11.[A]enthusiasm[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]indifference12.[A]updating[B]embracing[C]avoiding[D]fixing13.[A]aggressive[B]addictive[C]strategic[D]passive14.[A]integral[B]detrimental[C]optional[D]foreign15.[A]receiving[B]sending[C]checking[D]silencing16.[A]maximizing[B]sacrificing[C]weighing[D]enhancing[17][A]beneficial[B]exclusive[C]ineffective[D]problematic18.[A]form[B]sign[C]lack[D]function19.[A]necessity[B]burden[C]habit[D]hobby20.[A]extreme[B]rigid[C]measured[D]casualSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hastransformedthelandscapeofworkinthe21stcentury.Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,thegigeconomypromisesflexibilityandautonomyforworkers.PlatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andFiverrhavefacilitatedthisshift,allowingindividualstomonetizetheirskills,assets,andtimeondemand.Formany,thisisaliberatingdevelopment;itallowsstudentstoearnincomebetweenclasses,parentstoworkaroundchildcare,andretireestosupplementtheirpensions.However,thisnewmodelofworkhasadarkerside.Theveryflexibilitythatappealstomanyoftencomesatthecostoffinancialsecurity.Gigworkersaretypicallyclassifiedasindependentcontractors,meaningtheyarenotentitledtobenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,oremployer-contributedretirementplans.Furthermore,incomecanbeerratic.Adrivermighthavealucrativeweekfollowedbyadryspell,makingbudgetingandfinancialplanninganightmare.Laborlawsinmostcountrieshavestruggledtokeeppacewiththisrapidchange.Traditionalemploymentlegislationassumesacleardistinctionbetweenanemployeeandanindependentcontractor.Gigplatforms,however,oftenoccupyagrayarea,arguingthattheyaremerelytechnologyintermediariesconnectingserviceproviderswithconsumers,notemployers.Thisclassificationhassparkedlegalbattlesworldwide.Courtsareincreasinglybeingaskedtodeterminewhetheragigworkershouldbereclassifiedasanemployee,amovethatwouldgrantthemfundamentallaborrightsbutcouldpotentiallydisruptthebusinessmodelsoftheplatforms.Thedebateoverthegigeconomyisnotjustlegalbutalsophilosophical.Ittouchesonthedefinitionofworkinadigitalage.Isthegigeconomythefutureofwork,offeringunparalleledfreedom,orisitaracetothebottom,drivingdownwagesanderodingworkerprotections?Asthegigeconomymatures,stakeholders—includinggovernments,corporations,andworkersthemselves—mustnavigatethesecomplexwaterstofindabalancethatpromotesinnovationwithoutexploitinglabor.21.Thegigeconomyisappealingtomanybecauseitoffers______.[A]permanentjobsecurity[B]comprehensivehealthbenefits[C]flexibilityandautonomy[D]higherfixedwages22.Onemajordisadvantageforgigworkersmentionedinthetextis______.[A]thelackofrequiredskills[B]thedifficultyinfindingwork[C]theabsenceoffinancialsecurity[D]theneedforlong-termcontracts23.Whyhavegigplatformsfacedlegalchallenges?[A]Theyrefusetopaytaxes.[B]Theirworkerclassificationiscontested.[C]Theycompetewithtraditionalbusinesses.[D]Theydonotusetechnologyintermediaries.24.Thephrase"racetothebottom"inthelastparagraphlikelyrefersto______.[A]arapiddeclineinservicequality[B]acompetitiontolowerwagesandstandards[C]adecreaseinthenumberofworkers[D]ashifttowardstraditionalemployment25.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'stone?[A]Optimistic[B]Critical[C]Balanced[D]IndifferentText2Verticalfarming,thepracticeofgrowingcropsinverticallystackedlayers,oftenincontrolledenvironmentslikeskyscrapersorwarehouses,isoftenhailedasthefutureofagriculture.By2050,theglobalpopulationisprojectedtoreachnearly10billion,andwitharablelandbecomingincreasinglyscarce,traditionalfarmingmaystruggletokeepup.Verticalfarmingoffersasolutionbymaximizingyieldpersquarefoot.Cropscanbegrownyear-round,independentofweatherconditions,andusingsignificantlylesswaterthanconventionalagricultureduetorecirculationsystems.Despiteitspromise,verticalfarmingfacessignificanteconomichurdles.Theenergycostsassociatedwithpoweringtheartificiallightsandclimatecontrolsystemsnecessaryforindoorfarmingareastronomical.WhileLEDtechnologyhasbecomemoreefficient,electricityremainsamajorexpense,makingitdifficultforverticalfarmstocompetewithtraditionalfarmsonpriceforstaplecropslikewheatorcorn.Currently,verticalfarmingismostviableforhigh-value,short-cyclecropslikeleafygreens,herbs,andstrawberries.Anotherchallengeistherelianceontechnology.Thesefarmsarehighlyautomated,requiringsophisticatedsensors,robotics,anddataanalytics.Whilethisreduceslaborcosts,itincreasestheinitialcapitalinvestmentandtheriskoftechnicalfailure.Apoweroutageorasoftwareglitchcoulddevastateanentirecropinhours.Furthermore,thereisthequestionofnutritionalvalue.Somecriticsarguethatcropsgrowninartificialenvironments,lackingthenaturalsoilmicrobiomeandfull-spectrumsunlight,maybelessnutritiousthantheirfield-growncounterparts.However,proponentscounterthatbypreciselycontrollingthenutrientsolutionandlightspectrum,theycanactuallyenhancethevitaminandmineralcontentoftheproduce.Ultimately,verticalfarmingisunlikelytoreplacetraditionalagricultureentirely.Instead,itwilllikelyserveasacomplementarysystem,helpingtofeedurbanpopulationsandprovidingfoodsecurityinregionswithharshclimates.Asrenewableenergybecomescheaperandtechnologyadvances,theeconomicequationmayshiftinfavorofverticalfarming,makingitamoresignificantpartoftheglobalfoodsupplychain.26.Verticalfarmingisconsideredasolutiontofuturefoodshortagesbecauseit______.[A]requireslesslabor[B]isindependentofweather[C]usestraditionalsoilmethods[D]producescheaperstaplecrops27.Accordingtothetext,verticalfarmingiscurrentlymostprofitablefor______.[A]wheatandcorn[B]leafygreensandherbs[C]high-calorierootvegetables[D]exportedgrains28.Whatisamajorriskassociatedwiththehighrelianceontechnologyinverticalfarming?[A]Increasedlaborcosts[B]Higherwaterconsumption[C]Potentialtechnicalfailures[D]Reducedcropyields[29]Criticsofverticalfarmingworryaboutthe______.[A]tasteoftheproduce[B]nutritionalvalueofthecrops[C]speedofplantgrowth[D]useofpesticides30.Theauthorconcludesthatverticalfarmingwilllikely______.[A]replacetraditionalfarming[B]remaineconomicallyunviable[C]failduetoenergycosts[D]complementtraditionalagricultureText3Theconceptof"softskills"—interpersonalattributessuchascommunication,teamwork,adaptability,andemotionalintelligence—haslongbeenundervaluedinfavorof"hardskills,"whicharetechnical,teachableabilities.Fordecades,theeducationsystemandcorporatetrainingprogramsfocusedheavilyonhardskills,viewingthemastheprimarydriverofprofessionalsuccess.However,therapidaccelerationofautomationandartificialintelligenceisfundamentallyalteringthisdynamic.AsAIbecomescapableofperformingincreasinglycomplextechnicaltasks—fromcodingtodataanalysis—thevalueofpurelyhardskillsisdiminishing.Amachinecanlearnaprogramminglanguagefasterandmoreaccuratelythanahuman.Whatmachinescannoteasilyreplicate,however,isthehumantouch.Theabilitytonegotiate,empathize,leadateam,andthinkcreativelyinambiguoussituationsareuniquelyhumantraits.Consequently,softskillsaremovingfromtheperipherytothecenterofprofessionalrelevance.Thisshifthasprofoundimplicationsforeducation.Schoolsneedtomovebeyondrotememorizationandstandardizedtesting,whichprioritizeinformationretention.Instead,theymustfostercriticalthinking,collaboration,andproblem-solvingabilities.Project-basedlearning,wherestudentsworkingroupstotacklereal-worldproblems,isoneeffectivemethodfordevelopingtheseskills.Employersarealsochangingtheirhiringpractices.Jobdescriptionsthatoncelistedspecificsoftwareproficienciesasprerequisitesarenowemphasizingculturalfitandleadershippotential.Companiesareinvestingintrainingprogramsthatfocusonemotionalintelligenceandconflictresolution.Theriseofremoteworkhasfurtheramplifiedtheneedforstrongcommunicationskills,asdigitalinteractionslackthenon-verbalcuespresentinface-to-facecommunication.Thefutureofworkwillnotbeacompetitionbetweenhumansandmachines,butacollaboration.ThosewhocanleveragethepowerofAIwhileprovidingtheemotionalandcreativeintelligencethatAIlackswillbethemostsuccessful.Inthisnewera,softskillsarenotjust"nicetohave";theyarethebedrockofasustainablecareer.31.Whyhasthevalueofsoftskillsincreasedrecently?[A]Hardskillsarebecomingtoodifficulttolearn.[B]AIcanreplicatemanyhardskills.[C]Employerspreferyoungerworkers.[D]Schoolshavestoppedteachinghardskills.32.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisasoftskill?[A]Dataanalysis[B]Emotionalintelligence[C]Coding[D]Softwareproficiency33.Howistheeducationsystemrespondingtotheriseofsoftskills?[A]Byfocusingmoreonstandardizedtesting.[B]ByteachingstudentstouseAI.[C]Byencouragingproject-basedlearning.[D]Byremovingtechnicalsubjects.34.Theriseofremoteworkhasmadewhichskillparticularlyimportant?[A]Technicalwriting[B]Speedoftyping[C]Digitalcommunication[D]Independentwork35.Themainideaofthetextisthat______.[A]AIwillreplacemosthumanjobs[B]softskillsarebecomingessentialforcareersuccess[C]hardskillsarenolongernecessary[D]educationsystemsarefailingtopreparestudentsText4SpaceexplorationhaslongbeendominatedbygovernmentagencieslikeNASAandRoscosmos,drivenbygeopoliticalrivalryandscientificcuriosity.However,thepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedtheemergenceofthe"NewSpace"era,characterizedbytheentryofprivatecompanieslikeSpaceX,BlueOrigin,andVirginGalactic.Thisshiftisnotmerelyachangeinactorsbutatransformationintheeconomicsandphilosophyofspaceaccess.TheprimarydriverofNewSpaceiscostreduction.Traditionalspaceagenciesoperatedoncost-pluscontracts,wherecontractorswerereimbursedforallexpensesplusaguaranteedprofit.Thismodelincentivizedinefficiency.Incontrast,privatecompaniesoperateonfixed-pricecontractsandaredrivenbycompetition.Theyhavepioneeredreusablerockets,atechnologyoncedeemedimpossibleorimpractical.Bylandingandreusingboosters,companieslikeSpaceXhavedrasticallyloweredthecostoflaunchingpayloadsintoorbit.Thisreductionincosthasunlockednewpossibilities.Spacetourism,oncethestuffofsciencefiction,isbecomingareality,albeitfortheultra-wealthy.Moresignificantly,thecommercialsatelliteindustryhasboomed.Companiesarelaunchingmega-constellationsofthousandsofsmallsatellitestoprovideglobalinternetcoverage,suchasSpaceX'sStarlink.Thisconnectivityhasthepotentialtobridgethedigitaldivideinremoteanddevelopingregions.However,thecommercializationofspaceisnotwithoutrisks.Theincreaseinlauncheshasledtoaworryingaccumulationofspacedebris—defunctsatellites,rocketstages,andfragmentsorbitingtheEarth.Thisdebrisposesacollisionrisktooperationalspacecraft,includingtheInternationalSpaceStation.Furthermore,thelackofclearinternationalregulationsregardingpropertyrightsinspaceandtheutilizationofresources,suchasminingasteroidsorthemoon,createslegaluncertainty.Thefutureofspaceexplorationlikelyliesinapublic-privatepartnership.Governmentagenciescanfocusondeep-spaceexplorationandhigh-riskscientificresearch,whileprivatecompanieshandletheroutinetasksoflaunchingsatellitesandresupplyingspacestations.Thissymbioticrelationshipcouldacceleratehumanity'sexpansionintothecosmos,turningthefinalfrontierintoathrivingeconomiczone.36.Whatdistinguishesthe"NewSpace"erafrompreviousperiods?[A]Theinvolvementofgovernmentagencies.[B]Thefocusonscientificcuriosity.[C]Thedominanceofprivatecompanies.[D]Theuseofreusablerockets.37.Howdoesthetextexplaintheinefficiencyoftraditionalspaceagencies?[A]Theyusedoutdatedtechnology.[B]Theyreliedoncost-pluscontracts.[C]Theylackedcompetition.[D]Theyfocusedondeep-spaceexploration.38.Reusablerocketshavecontributedto______.[A]increasedspacedebris[B]lowerlaunchcosts[C]globalinternetcoverage[D]asteroidmining39.Onemajorconcernregardingthecommercializationofspaceis______.[A]thelossofscientificcuriosity[B]thehighcostofspacetourism[C]theaccumulationofspacedebris[D]theendofpublicspaceagencies40.Theauthorsuggeststhatthefutureofspaceexplorationinvolves______.[A]completeprivatization[B]public-privatepartnerships[C]abanoncommercialsatellites[D]areturntogovernment-onlymissionsPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]TheRoleofGenetics[B]ImportanceofEarlyDetection[C]LifestyleFactorsandPrevention[D]AdvancesinMedicalTechnology[E]UnderstandingtheMechanism[F]PsychologicalImpactonPatients[G]TheEconomicBurdenofDiseaseAlzheimer'sdiseaseisaprogressiveneurologicdisorderthatcausesthebraintoshrink(atrophy)andbraincellstodie.Itisthemostcommoncauseofdementia—acontinuousdeclineinthinking,behavioralandsocialskillsthatdisruptsaperson'sabilitytofunctionindependently.Whiletheexactcauseisnotfullyunderstood,researchershaveidentifiedseveralkeyfactorsthatcontributetothedevelopmentofthisdebilitatingcondition.41.____________________AttheheartofAlzheimer'sistheaccumulationoftwotypesofabnormalproteinsinthebrain:beta-amyloidplaquesandtautangles.Beta-amyloidisafragmentofalargerproteinthatbuildsupbetweenneurons,forminghard,insolubleplaques.Tauisaproteinthatnormallyhelpsstabilizeinternalstructuresofneurons,butinAlzheimer's,ittwistsintomicroscopictangles.Theseplaquesandtanglesblockcommunicationbetweennervecellsandeventuallycausethemtodie.Thedamagetypicallybeginsinthehippocampus,theregionofthebrainessentialformemoryformation,beforespreadingtootherareas.42.____________________Whileageisthesinglegreatestriskfactor,geneticsalsoplayasignificantrole.Asmallpercentageofcasesarecausedbyspecificgeneticmutationsthatguaranteeapersonwilldevelopthedisease,usuallyatayoungerage.ThisisknownasFamilialAlzheimer'sDisease.Forthemajorityofpatients,however,geneticsonlyincreasesusceptibility.ThepresenceoftheAPOEe4gene,forinstance,increasestheriskbutdoesnotensurethatanindividualwillgetAlzheimer's.Researchersareactivelystudyinghowthesegeneticfactorsinteractwithenvironmentalinfluencestotriggerthedisease.43.____________________EvidencesuggeststhatlifestylefactorscaninfluencetheriskofdevelopingAlzheimer's.Cardiovascularhealthiscloselylinkedtobrainhealth;conditionsthatdamagetheheartandbloodvessels,suchashighbloodpressure,diabetes,andhighcholesterol,alsoappeartoincreasetheriskofdementia.Conversely,engaginginregularphysicalexercise,eatingaMediterraneandietrichinfruitsandvegetables,andmaintainingsocialengagementmayhelpprotectthebrain.Cognitivestimulation,suchaslearningnewskillsorplayinggames,isalsobelievedtobuildcognitivereserve,delayingtheonsetofsymptoms.44.____________________DiagnosingAlzheimer'scanbechallengingbecausethereisnosingletestthatconfirmsit.Doctorsrelyonacombinationofmedicalhistory,cognitiveandmemorytests,andbrainimagingscanslikeMRIorPETtoruleoutothercauses.However,recentadvancesinbiomarkersarerevolutionizingdetection.Doctorscannowdetectspecificproteinsinspinalfluidorusebloodteststoidentifyearlysignsofamyloidbuildup.Thesetechnologiesallowfordiagnosisatearlierstages,evenbeforesymptomsappear,whichiscrucialfortheefficacyofnewtreatments.45.____________________TheeconomicimpactofAlzheimer'sisstaggering.Asthepopulationages,thenumberofpeoplelivingwiththediseaseisprojectedtorisedramatically,placingimmensestrainonhealthcaresystemsandfamilies.Thecostofcareincludesnotonlymedicalexpensesbutalsothelostwagesofinformalcaregivers,oftenfamilymembers,whosacrificetheircareerstolookafterlovedones.Inmanycountries,Alzheimer'sisoneofthemostexpensivechronicdiseasestotreat,surpassingevenheartdiseaseandcancerintotalsocietalcosts.Thisfinancialburdenhighlightstheurgentneedforbettertreatmentsandpreventivemeasures.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Therapidurbanizationofthe20thcenturybroughtaboutprofoundchangesinhumansettlementpatterns,shiftingthecenterofgravityfromruralareastosprawlingmegacities.Thismigrationwasdrivenbythepromiseofeconomicopportunityandindustrialemployment.However,italsointroducedcomplexchallengesregardinginfrastructure,environmentalsustainability,andsocialequity.Today,citiesaccountforadisproportionateshareofglobalresourceconsumptionandcarbonemissions.Toaddressthis,urbanplannersareincreasinglylookingtowards"smartcity"solutions,leveragingdataandtechnologytooptimizeefficiency.Yet,technologyaloneisnotapanacea.Atrulysustainablecitymustalsoprioritizethehumanelement,ensuringthaturbanspacesareinclusive,affordable,andconducivetomentalwell-being.Thefutureofurbanlivingdependsonourabilitytobalancetechnologicalinnovationwithhumanesocialpolicies.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouareastudentnamedLiMingandyouarewritingalettertoProfessorWang,ascholarinthefieldofEnvironmentalScience.Youwanttoinvitehimtogivealectureon"GlobalClimateChangeandItsImpact"atyouruniversity.Inyourletter,youshould:1)statethepurposeoftheletter;2)providedetailsaboutthetimeandvenue;3)expressyouranticipation.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)(Descriptionofthechartforsimulation:ThechartisalinegraphshowingthepercentageofpeopleusingmobilepaymentinCountryXfrom2018to2023.Thelineshowsasteadyupwardtrend.In2018,theusageratewas35%.In2019,itroseto48%.In2020,itjumpedto65%.In2021,itreached75%.In2022,itwas82%.In2023,itpeakedat88%.)***答案与解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[A]rid解析：此处考查固定搭配。ridthebodyofsth.意为“清除体内的某物”，符合语境。clear通常不与of搭配用于此意；freeof通常指“无……的”；drain指排干，不搭配of。2.[D]break解析：语境指从数字世界中抽离休息。break指“休息、间断”，takeabreak是常用搭配。absence指缺席；withdrawal指戒断反应（通常用于药物）；holiday指假期，语境较重。3.[B]contrast解析：前文提到连接更多，后文提到焦虑增加，两者形成对比。contrast符合逻辑。reality指现实；outcome指结果；implication指暗示。4.[A]soaring解析：与前面的“moreconnected”形成对比，焦虑等比率应该是“飙升”。soaring符合语境。stabilizing指稳定；declining指下降；fluctuating指波动。5.[C]source解析：这种悖论表明，我们的生活方式可能是心理困扰的“根源”。source指来源。symptom指症状；remedy指补救措施；consequence指后果，虽然也讲得通，但source更能体现“导致”的因果关系。6.[A]induces解析：持续的连接“诱导”或“导致”了一种状态。induces指引起。reduces指减少；avoids指避免；masks指掩盖。7.[D]compelling解析：多巴胺回路让我们“被迫”不断查看设备。compelling指强迫性的，令人不得不做的。forcing指强迫（语气过重）；allowing指允许；encouraging指鼓励。8.[B]hampers解析：这种行为不仅阻碍生产力，还……。hamper指阻碍，符合语境。boost指促进（与文意相反）；define指定义；monitor指监控。9.[A]glued解析：begluedtoscreens是形象说法，指“盯着屏幕，离不开屏幕”。opposed指反对；accustomed指习惯；related指相关。10.[A]Detachment解析：前文提到withdrawal，这里指从技术中“脱离”。Detachment指分离，脱离。Benefit指益处；Protection指保护；Difference指区别。11.[B]skepticism解析：批评者持怀疑态度。skepticism指怀疑。enthusiasm指热情；approval指赞成；indifference指冷漠。12.[C]avoiding解析：批评者认为完全“避开”技术是不切实际的。avoiding指避开。updating指更新；embracing指拥抱；fixing指修理。13.[C]strategic解析：提倡有策略地使用技术。strategic指战略性的，有策略的。aggressive指激进的；addictive指上瘾的；passive指被动的。14.[A]integral解析：数字工具是现代生活不可或缺的一部分。integral指不可或缺的。detrimental指有害的；optional指可选择的；foreign指外来的。15.[D]silencing解析：例如，在工作时间“静音”通知。silencing指静音。receiving指接收；sending指发送；checking指检查。16.[B]sacrificing解析：在不牺牲数字连接好处的减轻负面影响。sacrificing指牺牲。maximizing指最大化；weighing指权衡；enhancing指增强。17.[D]problematic解析：社会压力要求断开连接可能是有问题的。problematic指有问题的。beneficial指有益的；exclusive指排他的；ineffective指无效的。18.[B]sign解析：叫人断开连接可能是特权的一种“标志”。sign指标志。form指形式；lack指缺乏；function指功能。19.[A]necessity解析：忽略结构性现实，即持续连接是一种“必需品”而非选择。necessity指必需品。burden指负担，habit指习惯；hobby指爱好。20.[C]measured解析：无论是彻底排毒还是更“有分寸的”数字卫生方法。measured指适度的，有分寸的。extreme指极端的；rigid指僵化的；casual指随意的。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.[C]flexibilityandautonomy解析：第一段提到：“thegigeconomypromisesflexibilityandautonomyforworkers.”这正是其吸引力所在。22.[C]theabsenceoffinancialsecurity解析：第二段提到：“Theveryflexibilitythatappealstomanyoftencomesatthecostoffinancialsecurity.”以及没有福利、收入不稳定等。23.[B]Theirworkerclassificationiscontested.解析：第三段提到：“Courtsareincreasinglybeingaskedtodeterminewhetheragigworkershouldbereclassifiedasanemployee...”说明法律挑战源于对工人分类（独立承包商还是雇员）的争议。24.[B]acompetitiontolowerwagesandstandards解析：“racetothebottom”是习语，指为了竞争而不断降低标准（如工资、福利）。文中语境暗示这种模式可能侵蚀工人保护。25.[C]Balanced解析：作者既提到了零工经济的优点（自由、灵活），也详细阐述了其缺点（不安全、法律问题），最后呼吁寻找平衡。因此语调是客观平衡的。Text226.[B]isindependentofweather解析：第一段提到：“Cropscanbegrownyear-round,independentofweatherconditions...”这是其解决传统粮食短缺问题的一个关键优势。27.[B]leafygreensandherbs解析：第二段提到：“Currently,verticalfarmingismostviableforhigh-value,short-cyclecropslikeleafygreens,herbs,andstrawberries.”28.[C]Potentialtechnicalfailures解析：第三段提到：“...itincreasestheinitialcapitalinvestmentandtheriskoftechnicalfailure.Apoweroutageorasoftwareglitchcoulddevastateanentirecrop...”29.[B]nutritionalvalueofthecrops解析：第四段提到：“Somecriticsarguethatcropsgrowninartificialenvironments...maybelessnutritious...”30.[D]complementtraditionalagriculture解析：最后一段提到：“Ultimately,verticalfarmingisunlikelytoreplacetraditionalagricultureentirely.Instead,itwilllikelyserveasacomplementarysystem...”Text331.[B]AIcanreplicatemanyhardskills.解析：第二段提到：“AsAIbecomescapableofperformingincreasinglycomplextechnicaltasks...thevalueofpurelyhardskillsisdiminishing.”正是因为AI能做硬技能，软技能才变得重要。32.[B]Emotionalintelligence解析：第一段列举了软技能：“communication,teamwork,adaptability,andemotionalintelligence”。B项属于软技能。33.[C]Byencouragingproject-basedlearning.解析：第三段提到：“Project-basedlearning,wherestudentsworkingroupstotacklereal-worldproblems,isoneeffectivemethodfordevelopingtheseskills.”34.[C]Digitalcommunication解析：第四段提到：“Theriseofremoteworkhasfurtheramplifiedtheneedforstrongcommunicationskills,asdigitalinteract