2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二考试真题(完整版)

2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二考试真题(完整版)SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"quietquitting"—doingjustenoughtomeetone'sjobdescriptionandnothingmore—hascapturedtheimaginationoftheworkforceandtheconcernofmanagement.Whilesomeviewitasa__1__totoxicworkplacecultureorburnout,othersseeitasasignoflazinessoralackof__2__.However,thisphenomenonisnotmerelyaboutindividualworkethic;itisa__3__ofashiftingpsychologicalcontractbetweenemployerandemployee.Fordecades,theimplicitagreementwasthatifyouworkedhardandstayed__4__toacompany,youwouldberewardedwithjobsecurityandasteadycareer__5__.Thatcontracthasbeenerodedbyglobalization,technologicaldisruption,andrecenteconomicshocks.Today,layoffsarecommoneveninprofitablecompanies,andtheaverage__6__ofajobissignificantlyshorter.Consequently,employeesareincreasinglytreatingworkasa__7__transaction:laborforsalary,withoutanemotionalinvestmentinthecompany'smission.Thisshiftisfurther__8__bytheriseofremotework.Thephysicalseparationofofficeandhomehas__9__boundaries,makingiteasierforemployeestomentally__10__whentheworkdayends.Withoutthesocialpressureofcolleaguesworkinglateintheoffice,manyarechoosingtoprioritizetheirpersonalwell-beingand__11__time.Thisisnotnecessarilyaboutdoingabadjob,butratherabout__12__ahealthywork-lifebalanceinanerawheretechnologymakesonealways"on."Criticsarguethatquietquittinghurtsproductivityandcareer__13__.Theyclaimthatfailingtogoaboveandbeyondpreventsindividualsfromstandingoutand__14__.Yet,proponentssuggestthatsettingclearboundariescanactuallysustainproductivityinthelongrunbypreventingburnout.Ifemployeesareconstantly__15__togive110%,theyarelikelytooverheatandquitentirely.Ultimately,organizationsneedto__16__.Insteadofdemandingextraeffortwithoutextrareward,theyshouldfocusonengagement,fairpay,and__17__recognition.Ifemployeesfeelvaluedandseeaclearpathforadvancement,theyaremorelikelyto__18__discretionaryeffort—the"aboveandbeyond"workthatdrivesinnovation.Inconclusion,quietquittingisasymptom,notthedisease.Itisa__19__tothecurrentstateofwork.Addressingitrequires__20__therootcausesofemployeedissatisfaction,notmerelyblamingtheworkforceforalackofhustle.1.[A]reaction[B]solution[C]addition[D]obstacle2.[A]skill[B]ambition[C]time[D]money3.[A]goal[B]symptom[C]cause[D]result4.[A]indifferent[B]hostile[C]loyal[D]superior5.[A]path[B]break[C]gap[D]risk6.[A]quality[B]satisfaction[C]tenure[D]description7.[A]complex[B]unique[C]social[D]purely8.[A]hindered[B]fueled[C]ignored[D]predicted9.[A]blurred[B]strengthened[C]created[D]removed10.[A]engage[B]disconnect[C]struggle[D]worry11.[A]family[B]leisure[C]study[D]travel12.[A]ignoring[B]sacrificing[C]maintaining[D]discovering13.[A]change[B]stability[C]growth[D]safety14.[A]gettingfired[B]gettingpromoted[C]gettingtired[D]gettingpaid15.[A]pushed[B]invited[C]paid[D]allowed16.[A]adapt[B]resist[C]punish[D]expand17.[A]rare[B]automatic[C]meaningful[D]critical18.[A]withhold[B]maximize[C]expect[D]contribute19.[A]contribution[B]threat[C]mirror[D]response20.[A]ignoring[B]exploring[C]addressing[D]increasingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Precisionmedicine,oftenreferredtoaspersonalizedmedicine,isaninnovativeapproachthattailorsdiseasetreatmentandpreventiontoeachindividual'scharacteristics,environment,andlifestyle.Foryears,medicinehaslargelybeen"one-size-fits-all,"designedforthe"averagepatient"withoutconsideringtheuniquedifferencesthatmakeeachofuswhoweare.However,therapidadvancementofgenomicsandbigdataanalyticsisshiftingthisparadigm.Thecoreofprecisionmedicineliesintheabilitytosequenceanindividual'sgenome.Byidentifyingspecificgeneticmutations,doctorscanpredictsusceptibilitytocertaindiseasesanddeterminehowapatientwillrespondtoparticulardrugs.Forinstance,inoncology,insteadofprescribingastandardchemotherapyregimen,oncologistscananalyzethegeneticprofileofatumortoselectatargetedtherapythatismorelikelytobeeffectiveandlesstoxic.Thishasledtosignificantimprovementsinsurvivalratesforcertaintypesofcancer.However,thepromiseofprecisionmedicineextendsbeyondoncology.Itisbeingappliedincardiology,neurology,andrarediseases.Researchersarecurrentlyexploringhowgeneticmarkerscaninfluencetheriskofheartdiseaseandhowlifestylefactorsinteractwithgenestoexacerbateormitigatetheserisks.Furthermore,pharmacogenomics—thestudyofhowgenesaffectdrugresponse—ishelpingtoreduceadversedrugreactions,aleadingcauseofhospitalizations.Despiteitspotential,precisionmedicinefacessubstantialhurdles.Theprimarychallengeisdataprivacyandsecurity.Genomicdataisinherentlyidentifiableandsensitive.Thereareconcernsaboutgeneticdiscriminationbyemployersorinsurersifthisdataisnotadequatelyprotected.Additionally,thereistheissueofcost.Genomesequencingisbecomingcheaper,butintegratingitintoroutineclinicalcarerequiressignificantinvestmentininfrastructureandtraining.Anotherethicalconsiderationisequity.Thereisariskthatprecisionmedicinecouldexacerbatehealthdisparities.MostgenomicresearchtodatehasbeenconductedonpopulationsofEuropeandescent.Thismeansthatthebenefitsoftargetedtherapiesmaynotbeequallyavailabletominoritygroups,andgeneticriskpredictionsmaybelessaccurateforthem.Ensuringthatthe"precision"revolutionbenefitsallpopulationsisacriticalmoralandscientificimperative.Inconclusion,precisionmedicinerepresentsatransformativeshiftinhealthcare.Bymovingawayfromtrial-and-errormedicine,itoffersthehopeofmoreeffective,lessharmfultreatments.Yet,realizingthisvisionrequiresnavigatingcomplexethical,social,andeconomiclandscapestoensurethatthebenefitsaresharedequitablyacrosssociety.21.Precisionmedicineisdifferentfromtraditionalmedicineinthatit______.[A]reliesontrial-and-errormethods.[B]focusesonthe"averagepatient."[C]considersindividualcharacteristics.[D]ignoresenvironmentalfactors.22.TheexampleofoncologyinParagraph2isusedtoillustrate______.[A]thehighcostoftargetedtherapies.[B]thelimitationsofstandardchemotherapy.[C]theapplicationofgenomicsequencing.[D]theimprovementofsurvivalratesgenerally.23.PharmacogenomicsismentionedinParagraph3toshow______.[A]thescopeofprecisionmedicinebeyondcancer.[B]theleadingcauseofhospitalizations.[C]theinteractionbetweenlifestyleandgenes.[D]thedifficultyofanalyzinggeneticmarkers.24.Oneofthemajorchallengesfacingprecisionmedicineis______.[A]thelackofinvestmentininfrastructure.[B]thepotentialforgeneticdiscrimination.[C]theinabilitytosequencegenomesaccurately.[D]thereluctanceofpatientstosharedata.25.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofprecisionmedicine?[A]Cautiouslyoptimistic.[B]Highlyskeptical.[C]Entirelydismissive.[D]Blindlyenthusiastic.Text2Urbanagriculture,thepracticeofcultivating,processing,anddistributingfoodinoraroundurbanareas,isoftenromanticizedasapanaceafortheenvironmentalandsocialillsofmoderncities.Fromrooftopgardenstoverticalfarming,advocatesclaimthaturbanfarmingcanreducefoodmiles,improvefoodsecurity,andstrengthencommunitybonds.Whilethesebenefitsarereal,acriticalanalysisrevealsthaturbanagricultureisnotasilverbulletandfacessignificantscalinglimitations.Proponentsarguethatgrowingfoodwithincitylimitsreduces"foodmiles"—thedistancefoodtravelsfromfarmtotable—therebyloweringcarbonemissions.However,transportationaccountsforonlyasmallfractionofthetotalcarbonfootprintoffood.Themajorityofemissionscomefromproductionprocesses,suchastheuseofsyntheticfertilizersandmethanefromlivestock.Urbanfarmsoftenrelyonintensiveenergyinputsforheating,lighting,andwaterpumps,whichcannegatethecarbonsavingsfromreducedtransport.Furthermore,urbanlandisexpensiveandscarce.Devotinglargeplotstoagricultureisofteneconomicallyunfeasiblecomparedtohousingorcommercialdevelopment.Anotherclaimedbenefitisfoodsecurity—theabilityofacommunitytoprovideforitsownfoodneeds.Whilecommunitygardenscanprovidefreshproducein"fooddeserts,"theyrarelyproduceenoughcaloriestosustainapopulation.Urbanagriculturetendstofocusonhigh-value,quick-growingcropslikeleafygreensandherbs,ratherthancalorie-densestapleslikegrainsorpotatoes.Therefore,whileitimprovesaccesstovitaminsandminerals,itcannotreplacetheruralsupplychainforbasiccaloricneeds.Despitetheselimitations,urbanagricultureoffersuniquesocialandecologicaladvantagesthatarehardertoquantify.Ittransformsunderutilizedspacesintogreenhubs,reducingtheurbanheatislandeffectandmanagingstormwaterrunoff.Italsoprovideseducationalopportunities,connectingcitydwellerswiththesourceoftheirfoodandfosteringasenseofcommunityownership.Inlow-incomeneighborhoods,communitygardenscanempowerresidentsandprovideameasureofautonomyovertheirfoodenvironment.Thefutureofurbanagriculturelikelyliesnotinreplacingruralfarming,butincomplementingit.Technologicaladvancements,suchashydroponicsandaeroponics,aremakingindoorfarmingmoreefficientandwater-conservative.However,thesesystemsarecapital-intensive.Themostsuccessfulmodelsmaybehybridapproachesthatintegrateperi-urbanfarmingwithrurallogistics,creatingregionalfoodsystemsthatareresilientandsustainable.Insummary,whileurbanagriculturecannotsingle-handedlysolvetheglobalfoodcrisis,itplaysavitalroleinmakingcitiesmoresustainableandlivable.Itsvalueliesasmuchinthesocialcohesionandecologicalawarenessitbuildsasinthefooditproduces.26.Theauthorsuggeststhattheclaimaboutreducingcarbonemissionsthroughurbanagricultureis______.[A]entirelyfalse.[B]oftenexaggerated.[C]scientificallyproven.[D]economicallymotivated.27.Accordingtothetext,urbanagricultureislimitedinthetypeoffooditproducesbecause______.[A]urbansoilisoftencontaminated.[B]residentspreferleafygreens.[C]staplesrequiretoomuchspace.[D]itfocusesoncommercialvalue.28.Thephrase"fooddeserts"inParagraph3mostlikelyreferstoareas______.[A]witharidlandunsuitableforfarming.[B]lackingaccesstoaffordablefreshproduce.[C]whererestaurantsarescarce.[D]dominatedbyfast-foodchains.29.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasasocialbenefitofurbanagriculture?[A]Loweringhousingcosts.[B]Reducingtrafficcongestion.[C]Providingeducationalopportunities.[D]Creatingmanufacturingjobs.30.Theauthorconcludesthaturbanagriculture______.[A]shouldreplaceruralfarmingeventually.[B]isprimarilyatechnologicalsolution.[C]isvaluabledespiteitslimitations.[D]istooexpensivetobesustainable.Text3Thehistoryofcomputingisoftentoldasastoryofhardware:theevolutionfromvacuumtubestotransistors,tointegratedcircuits,andfinallytomicroprocessors.However,lurkingbeneaththesiliconisaparallelhistoryofsoftware—astruggletomanagetheexplodingcomplexityofcode.Thisstrugglehasledtothedevelopmentofprogramminglanguagesandmethodologiesthatallowhumanstoinstructmachineswithoutneedingtounderstandtheintricatewiringofthehardware.Intheearlydays,programmerswereoftenengineerswhopluggedwiresintopatchpanelsorpunchedholesinpapercards.Thiswasmachinecodeinitsmostliteralform.Itwaserror-proneandtedious.Theintroductionofassemblylanguageprovidedaslightabstraction,usingmnemoniccommandslike"ADD"or"SUB"insteadofbinarynumbers.Butitwasstilltiedtothespecificarchitectureofthemachine.Thetruerevolutioncamewiththedevelopmentofhigh-levellanguageslikeFortranandCOBOLinthe1950s.TheselanguagesallowedprogrammerstowritecodeusingmathematicalformulasandEnglish-likestatements.Acompilerwouldthentranslatethishigh-levelcodeintothemachine-specificinstructions.Thisabstractionfreedprogrammerstofocusonthelogicoftheproblemratherthanthedetailsofthehardware.Itmadesoftwareportableacrossdifferenttypesofmachines.Assoftwaregrewlarger,the"spaghetticode"problememerged.Programsbecameatangledmessof"goto"statements,makingthemimpossibletodebugormaintain.Thisledtothestructuredprogrammingmovement,championedbyEdsgerDijkstra,whichpromotedtheuseofloopsandconditionalblockstoorganizecodeflow.Later,theconceptofobject-orientedprogramming(OOP)emerged,treatingdataandfunctionsasreusable"objects."OOPbecamethedominantparadigmforlarge-scalesoftwareengineeringinthe1990sand2000s,enablingthecreationofmassivesystemslikeoperatingsystemsandairtrafficcontrolsystems.Today,weareenteringanewerawithAI-assistedcoding.ToolslikeGitHubCopilotuselargelanguagemodelstosuggestcodesnippetsorevenwriteentirefunctionsbasedonnaturallanguageprompts.Thisshiftstheprogrammer'srolefromwritingsyntaxtoreviewingandintegratingAI-generatedcomponents.Itraisesprofoundquestionsaboutcreativityandthefutureoftheprofession.Willtheprogrammerofthefuturebean"architect"whodirectsAIagents,orwilltheskillofcodingitselfbecomeobsolete?SomearguethatasAIgetsbetteratwritingcode,theabstractionlayerwillriseagain,perhapstothepointwhereprogrammingbecomessynonymouswithsimplydescribingwhatyouwantinplainEnglish.However,otherscounterthatunderstandingtheunderlyinglogicremainscrucialfordebuggingcomplexsystemsandensuringsecurity.The"blackbox"natureofAI-generatedcodeposesrisksthatmayrequireanewgenerationofprogrammerswithevendeepertechnicalskillstoverifythemachine'swork.31.Themainpurposeofthetextisto______.[A]comparethehistoryofhardwareandsoftware.[B]tracetheevolutionofprogrammingparadigms.[C]explaintheimportanceofmachinecode.[D]predictthefutureofAI-assistedcoding.32.Assemblylanguageisdescribedasanimprovementovermachinecodebecauseit______.[A]wasportableacrossmachines.[B]usedEnglish-likestatements.[C]usedmnemoniccommands.[D]focusedonproblemlogic.33.The"spaghetticode"problem(Para.4)refersto______.[A]codethatwaspoorlyorganized.[B]codethatwastooshort.[C]codethatusedonlyloops.[D]codethatwaswritteninCOBOL.34.RegardingAI-assistedcoding,theauthormentionsapotentialriskthat______.[A]itwillmakeprogrammersobsolete.[B]itcreates"blackbox"code.[C]itcannotwriteentirefunctions.[D]itistooslowforlargesystems.35.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentstheviewofthe"others"inthelastparagraph?[A]AIwillreplacetheneedforhumanprogrammers.[B]Programmingwillbecomepurelydescriptive.[C]Humanoversightofcodelogicisstillnecessary.[D]SecurityrisksarenegligibleinAIcoding.Text4Theconceptof"nudging"hasgainedsignificanttractioninbehavioraleconomicsandpublicpolicysincethepublicationofRichardThalerandCassSunstein'sseminalwork.Anudgeisdefinedasanyaspectofthechoicearchitecturethatalterspeople'sbehaviorinapredictablewaywithoutforbiddinganyoptionsorsignificantlychangingtheireconomicincentives.Nudgesworkbyleveragingcognitivebiases—systematicdeviationsfromrationality—inhumandecision-making.Forexample,acommonnudgeischangingthedefaultoption.Inorgandonationprograms,countrieswithan"opt-in"system(whereyoumusttickaboxtobecomeadonor)typicallyhavemuchlowerparticipationratesthanthosewithan"opt-out"system(whereyouareautomaticallyadonorunlessyoutickaboxtorefuse).Peopletendtostickwiththedefaultduetostatusquobias—thepreferenceforthecurrentstateofaffairs.Thissmallchangeinframingcansavethousandsofliveswithoutmandatingdonationorpayingpeopletosignup.Anotherpowerfulnudgeissocialnormfeedback.Studieshaveshownthatwhenhouseholdsaretoldhowtheirenergyconsumptioncomparestothatoftheirneighbors(e.g.,"Youuse20%moreelectricitythanyourneighbors"),theytendtoreducetheirusage.Thisworksbecauseofourinnatedesiretoconformtosocialnorms.Similarly,placingimagesoffliesintheurinalsofmen'srestroomsatAmsterdam'sSchipholAirportsignificantlyreduced"spillage"becausemenaimedatthefly,improvinghygiene.Thisisanudgethatharnessesthehumanpropensityforplayfulnessandfocus.Criticsofnudgingarguethatitismanipulativeandpaternalistic.Theycontendthatgovernmentsandcorporationsaresubtlysteeringchoicesforpeople,whichunderminesindividualautonomy.Thereisalsotheconcernof"sludge"—theoppositeofnudge.Sludgereferstofrictioninthechoicearchitecturethatmakesithardertodowhatislikelyinaperson'sbestinterest,suchasoverlycomplicatedtaxformsorconfusingcancellationprocessesforsubscriptions.Criticsworrythatifthegovernmentcannudge,itcanalsosludge,makinglifedifficultforcitizens.Proponents,however,arguethatchoicearchitectureisinevitable.Sinceadefaultmustalwaysexist,itisbettertodesignitthoughtfullytohelppeopleachievetheirownlong-termgoals(likesavingforretirementoreatinghealthier)ratherthanleavingittochanceormarketmanipulationbyadvertisers.Theyemphasizethatnudgesaretransparentandeasytoopt-outof,preservingfreedomofchoice.Inthedigitalage,"sludge"and"darkpatterns"havebecomeprevalentinuserinterfacedesign.Thesearedesignchoicesthattrickusersintodoingthingstheydidn'tintend,suchasbuyinginsurancewithaflightticketorsubscribingtoafreetrialthatishardtocancel.Thisrepresentsacorruptionofthenudgeconcept.Whileethicalnudgingaimstoalignthechoicewiththeuser'swelfare,darkpatternsprioritizethecompany'sprofitattheuser'sexpense.Thedebatearoundnudgingisultimatelyaboutwhocontrolsthearchitectureofourchoicesandforwhatpurpose.Aswespendmoreofourlivesindigitalenvironmentsdesignedbyalgorithms,understandingthesesubtleinfluencesiscrucialformaintainingautonomyandmakingdecisionsthatserveourtrueinterests.36.Accordingtothetext,a"nudge"worksby______.[A]offeringfinancialincentives.[B]removingdifficultoptions.[C]utilizingcognitivebiases.[D]mandatingspecificbehaviors.37.Theorgandonationexampledemonstratestheeffectof______.[A]socialnormfeedback.[B]statusquobias.[C]economicincentives.[D]sludge.38.Whatistheprimaryconcernofcriticsregardingnudging?[A]Itistooexpensivetoimplement.[B]Itisineffectiveinthelongterm.[C]Itmanipulatesindividualautonomy.[D]Itreliesoncomplicatedtechnology.39."Darkpatterns"inParagraph6aresimilartonudgesinthatthey______.[A]usechoicearchitecture.[B]aimtohelpusers.[C]aretransparent.[D]aregovernment-approved.40.Theauthor'stoneinthepassageisbestdescribedas______.[A]Criticalanddismissive.[B]Objectiveandanalytical.[C]Enthusiasticandpromotional.[D]Confusedandambiguous.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Embracefailureasalearningtool.[B]Thepowerofactivelistening.[C]Curiositydrivesinnovation.[D]Collaborationovercompetition.[E]Cultivatingemotionalintelligence.[F]Thenecessityofadaptability.[G]Resilienceinthefaceofadversity.41.Inarapidlychangingworld,theabilitytopivotandadjusttonewcircumstancesismorevaluablethanever.Thosewhoclingrigidlytooldmethodsorplansoftenfindthemselvesleftbehind.Insteadofviewingchangeasathreat,successfulindividualsseeitasanopportunitytoexplorenewpaths.Flexibilityallowsonetonavigateuncertaintywithgraceandtoseizeopportunitiesthatarigidmindsetwouldmiss.42.Whenweencountersetbacks,itiseasytofeeldiscouragedandgiveup.However,viewingmistakesnotasendpointsbutasdatapointsforimprovementiscrucial.Eachfailureprovidesspecificfeedbackonwhatdidn'tworkandwhy.Byanalyzingthesemomentswithoutjudgment,wecanrefineourstrategiesandcomebackstronger.Thisiterativeprocessisthefoundationofgrowthandmasteryinanyfield.43.Innovationrarelyhappensinisolation.Whileindividualbrillianceisimportant,itisthecross-pollinationofideasthatleadstobreakthroughs.Sharingknowledge,resources,andcreditwithotherscreatesasynergisticeffectwherethewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.Buildinganetworkoftrustandsupportenablesustotacklecomplexproblemsthatwouldbeinsurmountablealone.44.Thedesiretoknowmore—toask"why"and"whatif"—isthesparkthatignitesprogress.Complacencyistheenemyofdevelopment.Bymaintainingasenseofwonderandactivelyseekingoutnewexperiencesandperspectives,wekeepourmindssharpandopentopossibilities.Acuriousmindisconstantlyscanningthehorizonforbetterwaystodothings.45.Understandingandmanagingourownemotions,aswellasempathizingwithothers,isakeydifferentiatorinleadershipandteamwork.Highemotionalintelligence(EQ)allowsustonavigatesocialcomplexities,resolveconflicts,andbuildstrongrelationships.Itisnotjustaboutbeing"nice";itisaboutbeingawareofhowemotionsdrivebehaviorandusingthatawarenesstomakebetterdecisions.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligencehassparkedaglobaldebateaboutthefutureofwork.WhileAIhasthepotentialtoautomatemundanetasksandboostproductivity,italsoraisesconcernsaboutjobdisplacement.However,historysuggeststhattechnologicalrevolutionsoftencreatemorejobsthantheydestroy.Thekeyliesineducationandreskilling.Asmachinestakeoverroutinecognitiveandmanualtasks,thedemandforskillsthatmachinescannoteasilyreplicate—suchascreativity,complexproblem-solving,andemotionalintelligence—willincrease.Therefore,weshouldnotfeartheriseofmachines,butratherfocusonharnessingtheirpowertoaugmenthumanpotential.Thefutureisnotabouthumanversusmachine,buthumanwithmachine.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouarethepresidentoftheuniversityStudentUnion.Writeanemailtotheinternationalstudentstowelcomethemtotheuniversityandintroducetheupcomingculturalorientationweek.YoushouldwriteclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)ChartDescription:Abarcharttitled"ChangesinResidents'ReadingHabitsinCityX(2018-2023)".TheX-axisliststhreecategories:E-books,PaperBooks,andAudiobooks.TheY-axisrepresentspercentageofreaders.Datafor2018:PaperBooks(65%),E-books(20%),Audiobooks(15%).Datafor2023:PaperBooks(40%),E-books(35%),Audiobooks(25%).参考答案与解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[A]reaction解析：上下文提到，有些人将“安静辞职”视为对有毒职场文化或职业倦怠的反应。Reactionto...（对……的反应）符合语境。Solution（解决方案）不合逻辑，因为它是结果而非解决之道；Addition（增加）和Obstacle（障碍）不符合文意。2.[B]ambition解析：另一些人认为这是懒惰或缺乏雄心的表现。Lackofambition（缺乏雄心）是固定搭配，符合批评者的观点。3.[B]symptom解析：作者认为这种现象不仅仅关乎职业道德，更是雇佣双方心理契约转变的一个症状。Symptom（症状）与前文提到的“现象”呼应，暗示这是深层问题的表现。4.[C]loyal解析：过去的隐含契约是：如果你努力工作并保持忠诚，就会得到回报。Stayloyaltoacompany（对公司保持忠诚）符合语境。5.[A]path解析：职业生涯路径。Careerpath（职业道路）是常见搭配。6.[C]tenure解析：现在的平均工作任期（在职时间）显著缩短。Tenure指持有某项职位的期限，符合语境。7.[D]purely解析：员工越来越多地将工作视为一种纯粹的交易。Purelytransactional（纯粹的交易）强调没有情感投入。8.[B]fueled解析：这种转变进一步被远程办公的兴起所助长。Fueled意为“推动、激化”，符合语境。9.[A]blurred解析：物理隔离模糊了界限。Blurredboundaries（模糊界限）是描述工作与生活边界不清的常用表达。10.[B]disconnect解析：当工作日结束时，员工更容易在精神上断开连接。Disconnect意为“断开联系/脱离”，符合下班休息的语境。11.[B]leisure解析：优先考虑个人幸福和休闲时间。Leisuretime（休闲时间）与工作相对。12.[C]maintaining解析：这不是关于把工作做坏，而是关于维持健康的工作与生活平衡。Maintainingabalance（维持平衡）符合逻辑。13.[C]growth解析：批评者认为这会损害生产力和职业发展/成长。Careergrowth（职业成长）是常见搭配。14.[B]gettingpromoted解析：不努力进取会阻碍个人脱颖而出并获得晋升。Gettingpromoted（获得晋升）是职业发展的目标。15.[A]pushed解析：如果员工不断被逼迫付出110%，他们可能会彻底崩溃。Pushedtodosomething（被迫做某事）符合语境。16.[A]adapt解析：组织需要适应。Adapt（适应）指根据变化调整自身。17.[C]meaningful解析：应该关注参与度、公平的薪酬和有意义的认可。Meaningfulrecognition（有意义的认可）比其他选项更符合激励员工的需求。18.[D]contribute解析：如果员工感到被重视，他们更可能贡献自由裁量努力。Contributeeffort（贡献努力）搭配合理。19.[D]response解析：它是对当前工作状态的一种回应。Responseto...（对……的回应）总结全文主旨。20.[C]addressing解析：解决它需要解决员工不满的根本原因。Addressingrootcauses（解决根本原因）是标准表达。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.[C]considersindividualcharacteristics.解析：文章第一段提到，精准医疗根据每个人的特征、环境和生活方式定制疾病治疗和预防。这与针对“普通病人”的传统“一刀切”方法不同。22.[C]theapplicationofgenomicsequencing.解析：第二段举肿瘤学的例子是为了说明核心观点，即通过测序个体的基因组来选择靶向疗法。这是基因组测序的具体应用。23.[A]thescopeofprecisionmedicinebeyondcancer.解析：第三段开头提到，精准医疗的承诺超出了肿瘤学。随后提到了药物基因组学在心脏病学等领域的应用，以此说明其范围的广泛性。24.[B]thepotentialforgeneticdiscrimination.解析：第四段提到，主要挑战之一是数据隐私和安全。人们担心如果数据未受保护，雇主或保险公司可能会进行基因歧视。25.[A]Cautiouslyoptimistic.解析：作者在结尾总结说，精准医疗代表了变革性的转变，但也需要应对复杂的伦理、社会和经济挑战。这表明作者持谨慎乐观的态度。Text226.[B]oftenexaggerated.解析：第二段指出，虽然支持者声称减少食物里程可以降低碳排放，但运输只占碳足迹的一小部分，且城市农场的高能耗投入可能会抵消这一节省。因此，作者认为这一说法往往被夸大了。27.[D]itfocusesoncommercialvalue.解析：第三段提到，城市农业往往专注于高价值、生长快的作物（如绿叶蔬菜和香草），而不是热量密集的主食。这是出于经济可行性的考虑，即专注于商业价值。28.[B]lackingaccesstoaffordablefreshproduce.解析："