嵌入式系统讲课文档

嵌入式系统第一页，共34页。Whatisthis?TheVonNeumannArchitecture第二页，共34页。WhatisEmbedded?第三页，共34页。什么是嵌入式系统?计算机，假装自己不是计算机……(StephenA.Edwards)第四页，共34页。为什么要嵌入?為何计算机要嵌入？基本架構仍然相同第五页，共34页。什么是嵌入式系统?嵌入式系统硬件之主要组成嵌入式系统之硬件组成基本组件：微处理机(Microprocessor)/微控制器(Microcontroller)内存(Memory)特殊用途之集成电路芯片(ASIC)输入与输出(Input/Output,I/O)接口与输入与输出装置

以ARM平台之嵌入式系統為例第六页，共34页。DefinitionEmbeddedSystems的定义无论是学界或者业界，都有相当多种说法，应用的范畴更是远超出一般人的想象根据英国电机工程师协会的定义：嵌入式系统为控制、监视或辅助设备、机器或甚至工厂运作的装置它具备了下列的特性：设计的目的，在于执行特定的功能以微电脑与周边构成核心严格的时序与稳定度要求全自动操作循环嵌入式系统为一种计算机软件与硬件的综合体，特别强调「量身定做」的原则，基于某一种特殊用途上，针对这项用途开发出截然不同的系统，是所谓的客制化(Customized)系统。第七页，共34页。DefinitionAnembeddedsystemisaspecial-purposesysteminwhichthecomputeriscompletelyencapsulatedbythedeviceitcontrolsAnembeddedsystemperformspre-definedtasks,usuallywithveryspecificrequirementsEmbeddedsystem:anydevicethatincludesaprogrammablecomputerbutisnotitselfageneral-purposecomputerWithOS(usemicroprocessors)WithoutOS

(usemicrocontrollers)Takeadvantageofapplicationcharacteristicstooptimizethedesign:Donotneedallthegeneral-purposebellsandwhistles第八页，共34页。计算机的演进yearlog(peoplepercomputer)Streaminginformationto/fromphysicalworldMainframeMinicomputerWorkstationPCLaptopPDA第九页，共34页。Application办公设备、建筑物设备、制造和流程控制、医疗、监视、维生设备、交通运输、通讯业、银行金融业、测试及诊断系统、其他…Embeddedsystemsineverything

第十页，共34页。应用范例LEGO机器人32-bitARM7microprocessor256KbytesFLASH,64KbytesRAMBluetoothwirelesscommunicationusingNXTsoftwareonly.USB2.0port4inputports,6wiredigitalplatform3outputports,6wiredigitalplatform100x64pixelLCDgraphicaldisplaySoundchannelwith8-bitresolutionStoresmultipleprogramsTheLEGOMindstorms®isaroboticbuildingsystemconsistingofTheNXTIntelligentBrick:thebrainofthesystemSensorsandservomotorsLEGOTECHNICElementsProgrammingsoftware第十一页，共34页。应用范例介绍二iPhone®WentonsaleinJune2007OneSamsungARM1176 applicationprocessorcoreMemorycapacity:8–16GBDisplay:3.5inchwidescreenmulti-touchOperatingsystem:MACOSXGSM:Quad-bandWirelessdata:WiFi,EDGE,BluetoothCamera:2MegapixelAudioandvideoplaybackTalktime:8hrsStandbytime:250hrs第十二页，共34页。应用范例介绍三WiiCPU–IBM“Broadway”Runsat729MHzSimilartothechipfoundintheGameCube,butalmosttwiceasfastATI“Hollywood”processorhandlesthegraphicsRunsat243MHz24MBofinternalmainmemory64MBGDDR3SDRAMUptofourWii-motesConnectedviaBluetoothSDmemoryslotGameCubememoryslot512MBbuiltinNANDflashmemory第十三页，共34页。应用范例介绍四第十四页，共34页。应用范例五TmoteSky传感器最受欢迎的传感器TmoteSkyoffersanumberofintegratedperipheralsincludinga12-bitADCandDAC,Timer,I2C,SPI,andUARTbusprotocols,andaperformanceboostingDMAcontrollerTmoteSkyisthewirelesssensormoduleofchoiceforlarge-scale,highdata-ratesensornetworkapplicationsrequiringultralow-power,high-reliabilityandeaseofdevelopment第十五页，共34页。应用范例六BTM3015EC4C5-00蓝牙模块BluetoothSpecificationV1.2/2.0compliantEnhancedatarate(EDR)V0.9compliantMaximumtransmitPowerupto+14dBm(Class1)Lowpowerconsumptionforrunningon1.8VcoreFullBluetoothdatarateoverUARTandUSBOn-boardFlashmemory(8Mbits)12ProgrammableI/Olines第十六页，共34页。应用范例GPRS/GPS导航器功能第十七页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用Product:SonicareElite牙刷微处理器:8-bit具备可程式化的速度控制，时序控制和充电显示第十八页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用InsideviewofaMicrosoftMouse产品：任何电脑鼠标，键盘或USB设备

微处理器：8位微控制器第十九页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用产品：任何磁盘驱动器微处理器：双32位ARM

MARVEL

SOC及混合信号DSP第二十页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用产品：VENDOVue公司40台自动售货机

微处理器：2个16位的日立H8/300H处理器机械手免除项目第二十一页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用Product:NASA'sTwinMarsRoversMicroprocessor:

RadiationHardened

20MhzPowerPCCommercialReal-timeOSSoftwareandOSwasdevelopedduringmulti-yearflighttoMarsanddownloadedusingaradiolink第二十二页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用Product:SonyAiboERS-7RoboticDogMicroprocessor:64-bitMIPSR7000OS:Aperios-Sony’sRealTimeOS

第二十三页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用Product:RadiantSystemsPoint-of-Sale(POS)TerminalMicroprocessor:

IntelX86CeleronOS:WindowsXPEmbeddedLookforonenexttimeyouorderfastfood!V第二十四页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用Product:Microsoft’sSmartPersonalObjectTechnology(SPOT)watchMicroprocessor:32-bitARMwithFMRadioChipDownloadsNewsusingextrabandwidthonFMradiostationsinmajorcities第二十五页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用Product:MotorolaQ

PocketPCPhoneMicroprocessor:

TIOMAP(ARM+DSP)OS:WindowsMobile5.0

(WindowsCEOS)第二十六页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用Product:AtronicSlotMachineMicroprocessor:X86OS:WindowsCESlotsarenetworkedtoacasino’sbackofficecomputersystem.StateGamingagenciesauditcodeandpayoffodds第二十七页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用Product:DresserWayneOvationiXGasPumpMicroprocessor:

MarvelXscale(ARM)OS:WindowsCEDisplaysvideoads&

isnetworkedtoagasstation’sbackofficecomputersystem.Alsohasremotemaintenancefeatures第二十八页，共34页。嵌入式系统的应用Product:BerninaArtista200SewingMachineMicroprocessor:

MarvelStrongARMOS:WindowsCECandownloadnewimagesfromInternetandsewthem第二十九页，共34页。更多的嵌入式系统第三十页，共34页。更多的嵌入式系统第三十一页，共34页。更多的嵌入式系统第三十二页，共34页。嵌入式系统清单ModemsMPEGdecodersNetworkcardsNetworkswitches/routersOn-boardnavigationPagersPhotocopiersPoint-of-salesystemsPortablevideogamesPrintersSatellitephonesScannersSmartovens/dishwashersSpeechrecognizersStereosy