Unit 3 Getting Along with Others 知识点（1）学案 高中英语（牛津译林版2020必修第一册）

Unit3GettingalongwithothersSection1Welcometotheunit&Readingoutofone’ssight脱离某人的视线P30Whetherwalkinghangingthehardlyeach无论我们走着去上学，做作业还是在周末外出，我们几乎从未脱离彼此的视线。(2018·浙江卷写作)AfterawhileUnclePaulandhisfarmhousewereoutofsight.过了一会儿，保罗叔叔和他的农舍都不见了。Don’tletmecatchsightofyoudoingsuchkindoffoolishthingagain!不要让我再看到你做那种愚蠢的事情！归纳拓展outofsight看不见 atfirstsight乍一看；初看时atthesightof一看见catchsightof看见...comeintosight进入视线，映入眼帘losesightof看不见巧学活用用sight的短语完成下列句子(1)Icaughtsightofanemptyseatatthebackofthebus.(2)Atthesightofhismother,thelittleboyburstintotears.(3)Suddenlytheygotseparated,andthenlostsightofeachother.(4)Seeingtwopolicemencoming,thethiefswiftlywentoutofsight.originaladj.起初的；独创的；原作的P30Ouroriginalplanwastoseeafilmatthecinemathatafternoon.Hispaintingshighlyoriginal.他的绘画作品很有创意。Iholdtheviewthatifwestudentswanttoknowasmanygreatworksofliteratureaswecan,wehadbetterreadtheoriginalwork．我认为如果我们学生想知道许多优秀的文学作品,我们最好是读原著。（2018全国Ⅲ卷阅读）Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.校园里的许多建筑都是他独创的。归纳拓展(1)theoriginalplan原先的计划anoriginalidea有独创性的主意(2)originn.起源，起因；出身，血统(3)originallyadv.原先，最初巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Theoldtemplehaskeptmanyofitsoriginalfeatures,whichtellsustheoriginofthelegend.Originally,peopleknewlittleaboutit,butnowitbecomesveryfamous.(origin)(2)Originally(original),wehadplannedatourofScotlandbutwedidn’tgointheend.3.recovervi.恢复健康；恢复常态vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制P30recoveringwashavingfunwith她没有在家康复，而是和朋友一块出去玩了。Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemonthsbeforehecouldrecoverandreturntowork.他被告知，至少三个月后他才能康复并重返工作岗位。IhadjustrecoveredfromaseriousillnesswhenIreceivedaninvitationtoanimportantmeeting.我刚刚从一场严重的疾病中恢复过来，这时我收到了参加一个重要会议的邀请。(2017全国Ⅰ卷语法填空)Theyarerequiredtoprocessthefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.需要它们（脂肪和盐）来处理我们所吃的食物，受伤后恢复，以及其他几项身体机能。归纳拓展(1)recoverfromsth.从……中恢复recoveroneself恢复知觉recoversth.fromsb./sth.从……追回/找回……(2)recoveryn.恢复健康；重新获得makearecoveryfrom...从……中恢复 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Torecover(recover)thelosttime,heisworkingharderthaneverbefore.(2)ThereismuchchancethatBillwillrecoverhimself(he)intimefortherace.单句写作(3)尽管他在交通事故中严重受伤，但最后他终于康复了。Eventhoughhewashurtseriouslyinthecaraccident,hefinallymadearecoveryfrom/recoveredfromit.4.respondvi.&vt.回答，回应；作出反应，响应（教材P30）IwassoangryIduringallandIstilllikerespondingtoonlineReceivingatextdoesnotmeanyouneedtorespondtoit.接收信息并不意味着你需要对其进行回复。Knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.了解基本的急救技术将帮助你快速应对紧急情况。归纳拓展(1)respondto对……作出回应(2)responsen.回答；响应makenoresponseto对……没作回应inresponseto对……的回应Therewasnoresponse.没有回应。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Noneofthestudentsrespondedtoherquestion;inotherwords,herquestionfailedtogetaresponsefromanyofthestudents.(respond)完成句子他没有回应我的问题，继续而看他的电影。Hemadenoresponsetomyquestion，andwentonwithhismovie.5.judgevt.&vi.评价，（尤指）批评；判断，认为n.法官；裁判员P31besojudgefriend.不要这么快就对你的朋友做出判断。Asthesayinggoes，“Weshouldneverjudgeapersonbyhislooks．”常言道，“我们不能以貌取人。”Thejudgesaidthatitwasnotlegaltoattackotherpeoplewithviolence.法官说用暴力攻击别人是不合法的。归纳拓展(1)judge...from/by...从……来判断……judgebetweenrightandwrong判断是非asfarasIcanjudge据我判断，我认为(2)judgingby/from...根据……判断 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)(2018·江苏卷)Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadlyjudged(judge).(2)I’mwritingtoinviteyoutobeajudgeatourEnglishspeechcontesttobeheldinourschoolonJune15.(3)Schoolstendtobejudged(judge)bytheperformanceoftheirstudentsinexams.(4)Judging(judge)fromwhatyousayinyourletter,youdon’tsoundwell.根据你来信中所写的情况来看，你好像不大好。名师点津judgingfrom/by表示“从……来看；根据……判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。6.apologizevi.道歉，谢罪P31inthewrongandapologizehasa或许她知道自己错了，想要道歉，或者也许她对她的行为有一个简单的解释。Herhusbandapologizedtoherfornotmeetingherattheairport.他的丈夫因没能去机场接她向她道歉。(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)IoweyouanapologyforthefactthatIcannotgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.我应为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店向你道歉。归纳拓展(1)apologizetosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉(2)apologyn.道歉；辩白makeanapologytosb.forsth.因某事向某人道歉accept/refuseone’sapology接受/拒绝某人的道歉owesb.anapology应向某人道歉巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Theheadmasterdemandedthatyoushouldapologize(apology)toherforyourrudenessimmediately.(2)Imustmakeanapology(apologize)tohimfornotbeingabletoattendhisparty.(3)(2017·天津卷)Respondquicklyandbriefly,apologizingforyourmistake.7.casen.具体情况，事例；案件；容器(31)P31Inanycasefindanopportunityafullandfranktalkwithmaythinkofgivingupstudy.Inanycase,justthinkitoverbeforemakingthedecision.I’llbeoutforsometime.Incaseanythingimportant归纳拓展inanycase无论如何incase假使；以防万一incaseof假如发生；万一发生innocase决不inthis/thatcase假使这样/那样的话asisoftenthecase 这是常有的事Inmostcases大多数情况下巧学活用用case的相关短语填空(1)You’dbettertakeanumbrellaincaseoftherain.＝You’dbettertakeanumbrellaincaseitrains.(2)Asisoftenthecase,hewaslateforclass,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.(3)Youmaythinkofgivingupstudying．Inthiscase,justthinkitoverbeforemakingadecision.单句写作任何时候我们都不能做有害人民利益的事。Innocaseshouldwedoanythingthatgoesagainsttheinterestsofpeople.(倒装)8.suffervi.受苦，受折磨；变差vt.遭受，蒙受P31iffriendfeelingstimerethink(2019浙江卷完形)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadthegreatestwatershortage.在树木缺水最严重的地区，大树的损失最大。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Withnorainsforoverayear,thecityisunusuallyhotweather.一年多没有下雨，这个城市正遭受着异常炎热的天气。归纳拓展(1)sufferpain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏sufferfrom受……折磨；患……病(2)sufferingn.痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事sufferern.受难者；患病者 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)(2018·浙江卷6月)Ifaneighborsuffers(suffer)anillness,offertodothegroceryshopping.(2)Theoldmanissaidtohavegonethroughvarietiesofsufferings(suffer)duringthewar.(3)Toourdelight,thesufferer(suffer)hasdecidedtogiveupsmoking.P33解了我。IthinkyouwhatIsaid.我想你误解了我的话。Hiswifehim.他妻子不了解他。The

cast

a

shadow

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their

friendship.那个误解给他们的友谊投下了一道阴影。归纳拓展misunderstandsb.误解，不理解某人misunderstandingn.误会，误解haveamisunderstandingofsth/sb对...有误解，误会巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Beingmisunderstood(misunderstand)byotherswhenyoudonothingwrongatallisquiteabadexperience.(2)EvenifJackwasmisunderstood(understand)byhisfriends,hedidn’ttellthemthetruth.(3)ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstanding(misunderstand)oftraditions.P33IacallaIaOnlythendidIrealizethatitwasfoolishofmetobreakawayfromallofmyfriendsandneverthem.直到那时，我才意识到，离开我所有的朋友，永远不联系他们是愚蠢的。Iwonderedwhyheshouldbothertotryandestablishme.我想知道他为何要费心设法和我取得联系。归纳拓展(1)contactsb.byemail/telephone通过电子邮件/电话与某人联系(2)make/establishcontactwithsb.与某人取得/建立联系keepincontactwithsb.与某人保持联系losecontactwithsb.与某人失去联系physical/eyecontact身体/目光接触巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Therewasnosignalinthatfarawayvillageandallmyattemptstocontact(contact)youfailed.(2)Idesiretocontact(contact)himforsomesuggestionsonimprovingmylistening.单句写作(3)如果有其他我可以为你做的，请毫不犹豫地跟我联系。IfthereissomethingelseIcandoforyou,pleasedon’thesitatetocontactme.P33WhenThefireworkinhishandandhewasinjured.炮竹在他的手上爆炸了，他受了伤。Heabomb.他引爆了炸弹。He

explains

that

there

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of

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through

the

1960s.他解释说20世纪60年代课程迅速增多。归纳拓展(1)explodeacarbomb引爆一枚汽车炸弹explodewithanger勃然大怒anexplodingpopulation激增的人口(2)explosion

n.爆炸；爆炸声；激增；（愤怒等感情的）爆发巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Somefirefightersputoutthefirebeforethecarexploded(explode)(2)（2019江苏卷阅读）Theexplosion(explode)hadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.【句法探究】Ⅰ长难句分析1．(教材P30)WhenIwasanawkwardprimaryschoolstudent，shewasthepopulargirlwhowaswillingtomakefriendswithme.当我还是一个笨拙的小学生时，她是一个很受欢迎的女孩，愿意和我交朋友。【分析】本句是一个主从复合句，when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中whowaswillingtomakefriendswithme为定语从句，修饰先行词thepopulargirl。2．(教材P30)Ouroriginalplanwastomeetatthecinemathatafternoon，sincetherewasanewfilmonthatIwasespeciallyeagertosee.那天下午，我们原计划在电影院见面，因为有一部我特别想看的新电影在上映。【分析】本句是一个主从复合句，主句中不定式短语tomeetatthecinema作表语，since引导的是一个原因状语从句，其中thatIwasespeciallyeagertosee为定语从句，修饰先行词anewfilm。3．(教材P31)However，ifyourfriendregularlyignoresyourfeelingsormakesyousuffer，it'stimetorethinkyourrelationship.然而，如果你的朋友经常忽视你的感受或者让你痛苦，那是时候重新考虑你们的关系了。【分析】本句是一个主从复合句，if引导的是一个条件状语从句。II.句型精析(教材P30)infriendasocialmediasayinga但在早上，我的朋友在社交媒体上发布了一条消息，说她感冒了。【分析】Saying在句中是现在分词作伴随状语。现在分词作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。现在分词除在句中作状语外，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。ItwasbecauseofregularexercisethatIwokeupeverymorning,feelingenergetic．由于定期锻炼，我每天早晨醒来都感到精力充沛。Wecallforlesshomework,thusleavingstudentsmoretimetosleepandtakeexercise．我们呼吁少一点家庭作业，使学生有更多睡眠和锻炼的时间。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)AccordingtoProfessorWang,slightlymorethanhalfoftheschoolchildreninourcountryareshort­sighted,ranking(rank)thefirstintheworld.(2)Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonthegrass,staring(stare)atthenightsky.(3)Wecallforlesshomework,thusleaving(leave)studentsmoretimetosleepandtakeexercise．2.(教材P30)Whetherwe'rewalkingtoschool，doinghomeworkorjusthangingoutattheweekend，we'rehardlyoutofeachother'ssight.无论我们是步行去学校，做作业还是只是在周末闲逛，我们几乎都在彼此的视线之内。【分析】Whetherwe'rewalkingtoschool，doinghomeworkorjusthangingoutattheweekend为whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，whether表示“不管，无论”。whether...or...引导包含选择范围的让步状语从句，意为“不管……，还是……”。Ishallgo，whetheryoucomewithmeorstayathome.不论你来还是留在家中，我都要去。Whetherwelikeaparticularpieceofnewsornot，allwehavetodoistositinfrontofthetubeandletithappen.不管我们喜欢不喜欢某条新闻，我们所能做的只是坐在电视机前任其播放。巧学活用完成句子(1)不管是赢是输，这都是她的最后一次机会。Whethershewinsorloses，thisisherlastchance.(2)不管你喜欢与否，我都要走。I'mgoingwhetheryoulikeitornot．Section2Grammarandusage【语法透析】定语从句--关系代词（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后.2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等.关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分.如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中,whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句,修饰先行词theman,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语.（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人,在定语从句中作主语.TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的.Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人.Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师.(2019北京卷语法填空)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife.2．whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略.（1）MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人.（2）LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩.（3）Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了.（4）Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长.注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略.（5）Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3．Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略.（1）Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动.（2）Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远.（3）Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔.（4）Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有.(5)(2019全国卷II语法填空)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,which

sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4．That指人时,相当于who或whom；指物时,相当于which..在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略.（1）Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万.（2）Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?（3）Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好.（4）Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季节是夏季.(5)(2019浙江卷语法填空)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth

that/which

givesofflightinthedark.在夹克的边缘，有一块布在黑暗中发出光。(6)(2019全国III卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastersthat/who

hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.他们受过主人的良好训练，他们的主人在照顾这些动物方面有很好的经验。。5．Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语.（1）Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家.（2）Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友.（3）Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里.(4)(2018天津卷单项填空)Kate,whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.凯特，我大学时和她的姐姐住在一起，已经去澳大利亚工作了。。注意：指物时,常用下列结构来代替：（1）Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.（2）Theclassroomth