高中英语语法专练 第二章 名词性从句

第二章名词性从句i.主语从句1.that从句作主语通常用it作形式主语，常见的此类主语从句结构有:1)“It+be+名词(如apity/fact/problem/shame/surprise,nowonder等)+that从句”。2)“It+be+形容词(如natural,certain,clear,obvious,apparent,evident,necessary,true,likely,probable,possible,strange，important等)+that从句”注意:当形容词是important,natural,necessary,strange,essential,surprising等时，从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形",should可省略。3)“It+不及物动词(如seems,turnsout,happens,appears,follows,occurstosb.等)+that从句”4)“It+be过去分词(如:known,said,reported,believed,announced,accepted,acknowledged,found,claimed,declared,estimated,thought,hoped,suggested等)+that从句”当过去分词是suggested,demanded,required,commanded,recommended,ordered等词时,从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”,should可省略。注意:在正式文体中,为了强调that从句,可将that从句置于句首,此时that不可省略。2)在疑问句中只能用形式主语it结构。2.wh-从句1)表示“是否”意义时,只能用whether不能用if引导主语从句。2)it经常用来作形式主语，而把wh-从句放在句尾，常见的结构为:Itisnotyetclearwh-...Itisstrangewh-...Itisuncertainwh-....Itisnotknownwh-...3)wh-从句经常可以放在句首。专项练习()1.shecouldn'tunderstandwasfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that()2.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatc.ifD.for()3.Itisprettywellunderstoodcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday,thatB.whenc.whatD.how()4.manfirstmadeuseofelectricityisnotexactlyknown.WhenB.Ifc.ThatD.What()5.wewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.A.IfB.Thatc.WhatD.Whether()6.wearesayingismorethanwewilldo.That;thatB.What;whatC.Whatever;thatD.As;as()7.leaveslastturnsoffthelight.WhoB.WhoeverC.NomatterwhoD.Whomever()8.winstheprizemaygetthecar.WhoB.WhomC.WhomeverD.Whoever()9.apitythatIdidn’tseeyoulastweek.That'siB.What'sC.It'sD.There's()10.shewillcomeiscertain.A.ThatB.WhatC./D.Whether()11.wegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.whether;doB.That;doC.That;doesD.whether;does()12.hasquestionscanasktheteacherafterclass.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnybodyD.One()13.isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.WherechemistryB.ThatchemistryC.WhatchemistryD.Chemistry()14.It'sknowntouschewinggumhelpspreventtoothdecay.whyB.thatC.whetherD.how()15.Doesmatterifhecantfinishthejobontime?thisB.thatc.heD.it()16.watercanbeusedtoelectricityistrue.A.That;producingB.That;produceC.This;producingD./;produces()17.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace.whereB.whatc.thatD.how()18.Itisdoubtfulheknowsitornot.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether()19.causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where()20.theywillholdasportsmeetingnextweekhasn'tbeendecidedyet.A.IfB.ThatC.WhatD.Whether()21.Itisamatterofwilltakechargeofthework.whoeverB.whoC.whomD.whomever()22.isworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.ThatB.WhichC.WhateverD.It()23.landownershipinsomecountriesisunfairobvious.What;isB.Whether;areC.That;isD.If;is()24.somemammalscametoliveintheseaisnotknown.A.ThatB.Sincec.AlthoughD.How()25.troublesmeismysoncanfinishallheisexpectedtodo.That;whether;/B.What;if;thatC.That;if;whatD,What;whether;/ii.宾语从句1.动词后的宾语从句1)that引导的宾语从句后面常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有admit,agree,answer,believe,decide,declare,expect,explain,feel,hear,hope,intend,insist,mean,notice,order,remember,reply,say,suggest,think,wish等。2)wh-,if引导的宾语从句后面常接wh-,if引导的宾语从句的动词有advise,ask,discuss,doubt,findout,imagine,inform,inquire,know,question,tell,understand,wonder,discover等。3)“动词十间接宾语+宾语从句”常使用此类结构的动词有advise,ask,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn,assure等。4)“动词十it+形容词/名词十that从句”后面常接it作形式宾语的动词有find,feel,think,believe,make,consider等。5)it作形式宾语的特殊句型常见的有:seetoitthat...hateitthat...oweittosb.that....takeitforgrantedthat...putittosb.that.;takeitthat;dependonitthat;countonitthat...2.形容词后的宾语从句后面常接宾语从句的形容词有:anxious,aware,certain,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,pleased,content,proud,annoyed,convinced,confident等。3.介词后的宾语从句1)后面常按宾语从句的介词有on,about,in,but,except等。2)that从句一般不作介词宾语，但是可以作介词in,but,except的宾语。3)wh-从句常作介词宾语。4.宾语从句需要注意的问题1)当主句是--般现在时或者一般将来时时,宾语从句可根据句子意思选择用所需要的时态。2)当主句是一般过去时时,宾语从句必须用相应的过去时态。3)但是当宾语从句表达的是普遍真理或客观规律时,宾语从句时态不受主句时态限制而用一般现在时。4)当主句谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess等,宾语从句的意义是否定时,not要转移到主句中;但当从句有否定意义的never,seldom,hardly,scarcely等词时,否定词不转移。上述结构后面跟反义疑问句时,用肯定形式反问。5)主句中谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess等,同时，wh连词引导的表示疑问的宾语从句,应将连词wh-置于主句前面，主句若是疑问语序，从句语序不变。例如:Whendoyouthinkhewillcomeback?Doyouthinkwhenhewillcomeback?(错句)6)当主句动词是wish时,从句的时态要用虚拟语气;当主句的动词是suggest,demand,require等词时,从句要用可省略should的虚拟语气。7)if只引导部分宾语从句,但是当从句作介词宾语时或与ornot以及与不定式连用时只能用whether。8)引导宾语从句的that常可省略,但是当两个that从句由and或or连接时,第二个从句的that不能省略。专项练习()1.HewasborninisnowknownasXiangyang.A.thatB.whatC.wherethereD.where()2.Theyweresurprisedthatachild,theproblemstheythemselvescouldn't.wouldsolve;onceB.workedout;themC.shouldworkout;whileD.wouldsettle;but()3.wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what()4.Whenwearrivedinourapartmentwassupposedtobe,allIcouldseewasaschool.whereB.whatc.thatD.which()5.Don'talwaysthatparentswillgivechildrenwhatevertheywant.takeitforgrantedB.takeitasgrantedC.takeforgrantedD.grantit()6.Evidencecameupspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.A.whatB.whosec.thatD.which()7.Weallconsiderofgreatimportancethatweshouldcombinetheorywithpractice.thatB.itC.whichD.this()8.I'mnotsure.A.whatistheassignmentoftomorrowB.whatwilltheassignmentfortomorrowbeC.whatwillbetheassignmentoftomorrowD.whattheassignmentfortomorrowis()9.Givetheprizetoyouthinkdidtheworkwell.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whom()10.Couldyoutellmewhere?isthenearestbusstoplocatedB.thenearestbusstopislocatedC.islocatedthenearestbusstopD.locatedisthenearestbusstop()11.--Didyougotowatchthefootballmatch?--No,butIwish.didB.wentC.hadD.would()12.Thoroughlyconfused,hehesitatedtoreport.A.whatdidheseeB.whathehadseenC.whathadheseen.Dwhathewasseen()13.1don'tdoubtshewilllearnalotduringherstayinParis.whetherB.ifC.thatD.what()14.Everythingdependsonwehaveenoughexperience.ifB.whatC.whichD.whether()15.Heusuallygoestoworkonhisbikeexceptitrains.thatB.whatC.whenD.whether()16.Theboyhasnotchangedatallexceptheisnolongersotalkative.whyB.thatc.whatD.if()17.Youcanwriteabouttopicyoucanthinkof.howeverB.whereverc.wheneverD.whatever()18.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhat.thematterwasB.thewrongwasC.wasthematterD.wasthewrong()19.Wedon'tcaretheywillnotcometomorrow.whetherB.ifC.whenD.that()20.WemadearulethatwereadEnglishinthemorning.A.itB.thatc.whatD.which()21.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredying-out.thatB.asc.whyD.when()22.Mr.WangistogiveusareportonhesawandheardinAustralia.thatB.whatc.whetherD.which()23.IknownothingabouttheaccidentIreadinthenewspaper.exceptwhatB.exceptthatC.exceptforD.except()24.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee.A.whoisheB.whoheisc.whoisitD.whoitis()25.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin,butinhowyouget;thatyougiveB.whichyouget;whatyougiveC.whatdoyouget;whatdoyougiveD.whatyouget;whatyougive()26.Whenwearrivedinanoldtemplewassupposedtobe,allwecouldseewasjustarailwaystation.whereB.whatC.thatD.which()27.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofsharesherinterests.anyoneB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever()28.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddoIcantosavethem.whateverB.thatc.whichD.whichever()29.Youcan'timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited()30.Eatcakeyoulikeandleavetheothersforcomeslate.A.any;whoB.whichever;whoeverC.whatever;whomD.every;who()31.Hiswordsdon'tagreewiththebossasksfor,sowedon'tknowwhattodo.whatB.whomc.whichD.when()32.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what()33.WhathasmadeVietnamitistoday?thatB.forC.whichD.what.()34.Ihopethatlyouatthepartythisweekend,wouldseeB.shouldseeC.willseeD.see()35.--IblamedMaryyesterday.--IwouldratheryouA.didn'tdothatB.hadn'tdonethatC.wouldn'tdothatD.shouldn'thavedonethatiii.表语从句1.that表语从句1)常接表语从句的联系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。2)引导表语从句的that不可省略。3)表示事实、真理等实际内容的表语从句其主句的主语经常是:fact,truth,evidence,advantage,explanation,conclusion,reason等。4)表示某人的意见、信念、建议等的实际内容的表语从句,其主句的主语经常是:opinion,belief,view,feeling,explanation,suggestion,advice,proposal,request,requirement等。5)以名词性从句wh-从句作主语,总是用that从句作表语。2.wh-表语从句1)当表示“是否”之意时,引导表语从句的连词不能用if,只能用whether。2)经常见到的句型有Thatiswhy...This/itisbecause....Thisiswhere..,Thisiswhat..Thatiswhen...Thisishow...Theproblemiswh...等。专项练习()1.--Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday'sgame?-Oh,that'swhatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited()2.Heneverworkshard.Andthat'sheseldompassestheexams.A.whatB.thatc.whichD.why()3.Thereasonshegavefornotbeingpresentwastheheavysnowpreventedhercoming./;becauseB.why;becausec./;thatD.why;whether()4.Airistouswateristofish.whatB.thatC.whichD.isthat()5.Idon'tknowisIwasborn.A.that;whenB.that;whatC.that;whereD.what;whereiv.同位语从句1.that同位语从句1)that引导同位语从句,that不能省略，无意义,that引导的句子意思表肯定。2)有时候,为避免句子头重脚轻,同位语从句可与名词分隔开来。3)后面可接同位语从句的抽象名词有fact,belief,hope,idea,doubt,news,rumor,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,advice,requirement,request,proposal,problem,order,answer,decision,discovery,explanation,information,knowledge,law,truth,opinion,promise,report,thought,statement,possibility,chance等词。2.wh-同位语从句1)引导同位语从句的wh-连词在从句中作一-定成分,而且有意义。2)引导同位语从句的wh-连词不能省略。3)同位名词多含有疑问意义,如doubt,wonder,problem,question,noidea等。3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1)that在定语从句中既代替先行词,又在从句中作一定成分。而that在同位语从句中只起连接作用,不在句中作任何成分。2)定语从句是形容词性的,对先行词进行修饰、限定,描述其性质和特征。同位语从句是名词性的,对抽象名词进行补充说明和解释,即抽象名词的具体内容。3)作为名词的doubt在肯定句中,后面接whether引导的同位语从句;在否定句或疑问句中,后面接that引导的同位语从句。4)who引导的疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的疑问句。4.常见的同位语从句与同位名词分割开来的句型有:Wordcamethat....Orderreachedsb.that...Newsarrivedthat....Astorygoesthat..Informationhasbeenputforwardthat...,.Thefactremainsthat....Suddenlythethoughtcametomethat...,..Thefacthastobefacedthat...Anideaoccurredtosbthat..专项练习()1.WordcameIwaswantedonthephone.whichB.whyC.thatD.whether()2.Anideacametohershemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.A.whichB.whyc.thatD.whether()3.AlongwiththeletterwashispromisehewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatc.whatD.whether()4.Informationhasbeenputforwardmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatc.whenD.why()5.AstorygoesElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.whenB.wherec.whatD.that()6.Ihavenodoubthewillgetthroughtheexamination.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.as()7.Oneofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright.thatwhatB.whatthatC.thatD.whether()8.Healwaysworkshardevenifheknowsthefactheisnotingoodhealth.A.whichB.thatc.whyD.while()9.Weallknowthetruththereisair,waterandsunlight,therearelivingthings.inwhereverB.thatwhereverC.whereD.that()10.Thesocialproblemitisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.whetherB.ifC.whatD.which()11.Doyouhaveanyidea?howIwasworriedB.howworriedIwasC.howworriedwasID.whatIwasworried()12.camethatwewouldgotoNanjingforsocialinvestigation.A.WordsB.Thewordc.AwordD.Word()13.Todaythereisevidencetheresourcesoftheseaareasseriouslythreatenedasthoseoftheland,A.thatB.whatc.whichD./()14,ThenewsLincolnwasmurderedfiledtheAmericanpeople'sheartswithdeepsorrow,A.whichB.whenC.thatD.how()15.ThereisnodoubtPremierWenJiabaoisanexcellentleader.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD./v.名词性从句要注意的几个问题1.使用that,what,whether,if须注意的情况1)that,whether,if在从句中不作成分,而what在从句中既引导从句又作成分。2)whether在从句中不作任何成分,但有不确定的意义,而that无任何意义。2.whether,if引导名词性从句的区别1)whether可以引导表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句和介词的宾语从句,而if不能。2)whether和if引导的从句都可以作动词宾语,这时whether=if。3.whether,if与that的选择1)doubt,wonder,notknow,notdecide,stillaproblem,stillaquestion后面多接whether,if从句。.2)nowonder,nodoubt,wellknown后面多接that从句。4.名词性从句的虚拟语气1)suggestion,order,advice后面的同位语从句或表语从句用虚拟语气，其从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形",should可以省略。2)insist,order,command,demand,suggest,advise,propose,require,request后面接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,其形式是“should+动词原形",should可省略。5.where引导表语从句与定语从句的区别1)where引导表语从句时,从句紧跟在系动词之后，而且从句前面没有先行词;where=theplacewhere。2)where引导定语从句时,从句要跟在先行词后面，where=in/on/atwhich。3)where引导状语从句时,从句前面也没有先行词,从句跟在实意动词后面，且where在主从句中都作成分,where=in/at/on/totheplacewhere。6.who,whoever,nomatterwho1)名词性从句的主语表示一个人时,用who引导从句。2)名词性从句表示任何人时,用whoever引导从句,whoever=anyonewho。3)nomatterwh-只能用来引导让步状语从句,主从句之间有逗号隔开。4)wh-ever可以引导名词性从句也可以代替nomatterwh-引导的状语从句。7.名词性从句都用陈述语序。8.从句作主语时,主句中的谓语动词一-般用单数,或者与表语保持一致。专项练习()1.Thedifficultylies,wehavenomoney.inwhichB.inthefactthatC.inthefactD.that()2.She'sadifferentgirlfromshewasfiveyearsago.A.whomB.thatC.whoD.what()3.ThatishappenedtothetribeofIndiansthatthenlivedinisnowPlymouth.what;whichB.whatever;whicheverC.that;thatD.what;what()4.Theyburiedthemselvesintheirstudiesinthebelieftheywouldservetheircountrywiththeirknowledge.A.inwhichB.thatc.whichD.where()5.Thereasonwhysheburstintotearswasshedidn'twanttopartwithherfriends.A.becauseB.sinceC.forD.that()6.Thepossibilitiesmanyspeciesofwhalesmaybecomeextinctsoondon’tstopsomefishermenfromcontinuingtokillthem./B.ofwhichc.thatD.why()7.Ilikebestbreadandbutter.That;isB.That;areC.What;areD.What;is()8.Doesitmatterwillrepresentustoattendthemeeting?youthinkwhoeverB.whodoyouthinkC.youthinkD.whoyouthink()9.isme.A.Itrainsornot;noconcernforB.Whetheritrainsornot;ofnoconcerntoC.Ifornotitrains;noconcernaboutD.Whetherornotitrains;ofnoconcernwith()10.YoucanimaginetoskateorskiinJapan,NorwayorCanada!howmuchloveB.whatgreatloveC.howfunnyloveD.whatalove()11.Mike'suncleinsistsinthehotel.A.stayingnotB.nottostayC.thatwewouldnotstayD.thathenotstay()12.Weagreedtoaccepttheythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.A.whateverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whoever()13.Althoughmanypeopleviewconflictasbad,conflictissometimesusefulitforcespeopletotesttherelativemeritsoftheirattitudesandbehaviors.bywhichB.towhichC.inthatD.sothat()14.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms.A.mustbesentasbackaspossibleB.willbesentbackaspossibleC.aresentasquickasitcanD.besentbackassoonaspossible()15.Ourteacherrecommendsthatweasattentiveaspossiblewhenwevisitthemuseum.A.areB.shallbeC.oughttobeD.be()16.IsupposethatwhenIcomebackintenyears'time,alltheseoldhousesdown.willhavebeenpulledB.willhavepulledC.willbepullingD.willbepulled()17.Thereisthefactthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.A.nodenyingB.tonotdenyC.nottodenyD.ofdenying()18.Shelovesthenewlybornbabysomuchthatheronlyhappinessliesinshecantakecareofherchildbyherself.thatB.whatC.whenD.where()19.Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddowiththepollutedwater?A.thatB./C.howD.which()20.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtismymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.whenB.howC.whetherD.why()21.isnopossibilityBobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.There;thatB.There;whetherC.It;whetherD.It;that()22.Hewasaskedofallthestorieshehadreadwasthemostinteresting.A.thatB.whatc.whichD.as()23.Thetwoareasaresimilartheybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.exceptthatB.inthatC.inwhichD.despiteof()24.Itisrecommendedthattheprojectuntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.isnotstartedB.wasnotstartedC.willnotbestartedD.notbestarted()25.Weallagreedtothesuggestionwehaveanouting,butwehadaproblemwecouldgetthere.that;howB.which;howC.which;whichD.that;that综合练习Ⅰ.用合适的连接代词或连接副词填空,每空只能填一个词:1.Wehaven'tdiscussedyetwearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.2.IwanttobelikedandlovedforIaminside.3.--Haveyoufinishedthebook?--No,l'vereaduptothechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.4.-IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.-That'sIdon'tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.5.PartofthereasonwhyCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,wasitwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.6.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.7.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.8.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.9.CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?10.Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwasofpublichealth.11.TheHowtoBookcanbeofhelptowantstodothejob.12.Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksofhecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.13.NewscamefromtheschoolofficeWangLinhadbeenadmittedtoPekingUniversity.14.Itisobvioustothestudentstheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.15.-Isthereanypossibilityyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?-Noproblem.16.Weshouldconsiderthestudents'requesttheschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.17.ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleavecouldbelife'smostimportantdecision--marriage-almostentirelyuptoluck.18.Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremainshewasandwaitforhermother,19.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreatetheyhopewill.bethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.20.ThelasttimewehadgreatfunwaswewerevisitingtheWaterPark.21.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome.Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday.22.-It'sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.-ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,wegotlostonarainynight.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswedidthismorning.24.--Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?--TheyalwaysletmedolthinkIshould,25.makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.26.Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.27.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectanditisroughorsmooth.28.Doyouhaveanyideaisactuallygoingonintheclassroom?29.Danbyleftwordswithmysecretaryhewouldcallagainintheafternoon.30.Itmakesnodifferencewe'llsharetheofficewith.31.Idon'tknowtheywilldowiththisoldmachine.32.Myideaisweshouldgetmorepeopletodothework.33.youcancureapatientornotdependsonyourskills.34.Itsurprisedmeshehadmarriedthreetimes.35.Inspiteofhasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforpeople,ashortageofpublicvehiclesinsomeareasremainsaseriousproblem.36.Whenweobservethelanguagebehaviorofweregardasprimitivecultures,wefinditsurprisinglycomplicated.37.Australiahasofferedtosendasmallteamofpolicetohelpinvestigatethesiege,includedidentifyingvictimsandassistingthefamiliestogetoverisnowoneoftheworld'sbiggesttragedies.38.Wordgotroundquicklythroughoutthecountrythenationalwomen'svolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipintheOlympicGames.39.Afterseemedtobealongtime,thesingerappearedonthestage,facingtheexcitedaudience.40.Scientistsarenotsurewherethefirstplantwasgrownorevenplantitwas.41.Itwasheshowedusattheconferenceshockedallofus.42.doesnotstrikethehoursonabellshouldnotbecalledaclock.43.Whatheemphasizedoverandoveragainwasnomatterhowdifficultitmightbe,theyshouldneverretreatevenforaninch.44.Wemustmakesuredefiniteresultswillbeachieved.45.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudychildren'searlysleepingproblemislikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.46.lmadeapromisetomyselfthisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.47.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthemeetingwouldbepostponed.48.NoonehasgivenclearevidenceSnowdonisaChinesespy.49.Thelimitsofaperson'sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,buthereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.50.Itdoesn'tmatteryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing,bothroadsleadtothepark.51.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.52.Scientistsstudyhumanbrainsworktomakecomputers.53.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoosesuitsyoubest.54.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelthecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.55.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimhehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.56.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn’tmatteryouhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.57.Itisbynomeansclearthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.58.Itdoesn’tmatteryoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.59.Wepromiseattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.60.Thereisclearevidencethemostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.61.Itisstillunderdiscussiontheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.62.Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictoseeuseanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.63.Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvioustheproblemitselfis.64.Theshockingnewsmademerealizeterribleproblemswewouldface.65.Itwasneverclearthemanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner,66.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit'sdifficulttomakeoutitisthatheistryingtoexpress.67.Ourteachersalwaystellustobelieveinwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.68.Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteachtoreadfast.69.Whenthenewscamethewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy,70.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencesmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.71.I'dliketostartmyownbusiness-that'sI’ddoifIhadthemoney.72.Despitethefacttheylackedfood,theexplorerscontinuedtowardsthegoal.73.Portablevideophoneswillshowusishappeningattheotherendoftheline.74.Ihavenoideathejournalistcouldhavegothisinformationfrom.75.comeswillbewelcomedtotheopen-airconcert,Ⅱ.用括号里所给的单词或短语,翻译下列句子。1.关键的是你有没有尽力去完成这个任务。(what)2.令我惊异的是通过努力这么多人打破了世界纪录。(what)3.令我高兴的是我一直梦想的学校,复旦大学录取了我。(what)4.他是否抢劫了银行有待于进一步调查。(whether)5.明天会不会举行运动会取决于天气。(whether)6.他没有准时出席会议的原因是他遇到交通堵塞了。(that)7.我妈妈伤心的原因是丢了一个包,这个包里装了很多重要文件。(that)8.他在会议上解释的这次事故的原因是有人玩忽职守。(that)9.医生逐渐意识到了医院的环境对病情恢复是很重要的。(that)10.他感到艺术家在现代社会中失去了地位,艺术应该为更多的观众所喜欢。(that)11.我们是否开始试验取决于我们是否获得足够的钱。(whether)12.困难在于这个事实:国家与国家对人口增长的态度不同。(that)13.孩子长大后,要鼓励他们做力所能及的家务。(whatever)