高中英语语法专练 第十一章 独立主格结构

第十一章独立主格结构i.构成及类型1.构成:“名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语”=“逻辑主语+逻辑谓语/表语"。2.作用:相当于状语从句,表示方式或伴随的状态或动作;有时也表示时间、原因、条件。3.独立主格的结构类型:1)名词/代词+现在分词(具有主动意义)2)名词/代词+过去分词(具有被动意义)3)名词/代词十形容词.4)名词/代词+不定式5)名词/代词+介词短语6)名词/代词十副词7)therebeing结构4.“with+宾语+补语”=“with+独立主格结构”,表示伴随原因或条件。专项练习()1.It______heavily,thegamehadtobedelayed.wassnowingB.snowingC.snowedD.hadsnowed()2.______,thelecturebegan.A.ThelistenershavingtakentheirseatsB.HavingtakentheirseatsC.TakingtheirseatsD.Thelistenerstotaketheirseats()3.______,Tomwentouttoplay.TherewasnothingtodoB.TherehadnothingtodoC.AstherehadnothingtodoD.Therebeingnothingtodo()4.______theleavesarebeginningAutumncomes;tofallB.Autumncoming;tofallC.Asautumncoming;fallingD.Autumntocome;falling()5.______thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.BetterconditionsB.ConditionsbetterC.ConditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions()6.______,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.IfbetterconditionsB.IfconditionsbetterC.IfconditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions()7.______,we'dliketogoouting.BeingSundayB.SundayOKC.SundayisOKD.IfSundayOK()8.______we'dliketogoouting.A.IfSundayisOKB.SundaybeingOKC.SundayOKD.A,BandC()9.______,youcanwaitawhile.TheplaybeingstillonB.TheplaystillonC.BeingstillontheplayD.AandB()10.______，soyoucanwaitawhile.TheplayisstillonB.TheplaybeingstillonC.AstheplayisstillonD.Theplaystillonii.独立主格结构表达的意义1.表示伴随的动作或状态、方式或补充说明。2.说明时间或顺序。3.表示原因。4.表示条件。专项练习()1.Themanrushedintothehouse,hisface______underhiscap.hidingB.havinghiddenC.hiddenD.tohide()2.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas()3.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.AstherebeingB.AstherewasC.BeingD.Therewas()4.______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn’topen.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen()5.______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn’topen.AsitbeingB.BeingC.ItisD.Asitit()6._____,thetrainstarted.ThesignalgivenB.GivingthesignalC.ThesignalbeinggivenD.Thesignalgiving()7.______,thetrainstarted.A.AfterhavinggiventhesignalB.AfterthesignalgivenC.GivingthesignalD.Afterthesignalwasgiven()8._____,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.ExplainingnewwordsB.NewwordsexplainedC.BeingexplainednewwordsD.Havingexplainednewwords()9.______,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.WhennewwordswereexplainedB.ExplainingnewwordsC.NewwordsexplainingD.Beingexplainednewwords()10.Somanyproblems______,l'minatightcorner.A.settledB.remainedtosettleC.beingsettledD.remainingtobesettled()11.Thespeech______,alivelydiscussionstarted.A.beingdeliveredB.wasdeliveredC.bedeliveredD.havingbeendelivered()12.Mymoney______,Ihavetodosomepart-timejob______myliving.hasrunout;earningB.isrunningout;toearnC.hasbeenrunout;earningD.runningout;toearn()13.______,wedon'thavetogohomeonfoot.A.TherecomesabusB.ComingabusthereC.TherecomingabusD.Becausethebuscoming()14.Themeeting______over,wealllefttheroom.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.wouldbe()15.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,it______themostpopularsportintheworld,makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake()16.______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered()17.Thefish______bad,thechildrenleftmuchofittasted,untouchedB.tasting,untouchedC.tasting,untouchingD.tasted,untouching()18.______fromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.WhenyoujudgedD.Becauseyoujudge()19.Everything______intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking()20.Time______,I'lldropinonyouwhilevisitingyourhometown.A.permitB.permittedC.beingpermittedD.permitting()21.Theboyfollowedthenoblemanhere,aswordinhandB.aswordinhishandC.beingaswordinhandD.swordinhand()22.Theboyfollowedthenoblemanhere.withaswordinhishandB.withaswordinhandC.withaswordbeinginhandD.aswordbeinginhand()23.Helefttheoffice,______A.tearsbeingineyesB.tearsineyesC.beingtearsineyesD.withtearsbeingineyes()24.Shelefttheoffice______withtearsbeingineyesB.withtearsinhereyesC.beingtearsineyesD.tearsbeingineyes综合练习用正确的独立主格形式汉译英。1.Thethiefstoodbeforethepoliceman,(头低着)，admittingwhathehaddone.2.(有这么多工作要做)，hecan'tgooutforawalkasusual.3.It'squitestrangethatthemansleepswith(嘴张着眼睛闭着).4.(一切考虑在内的话)，theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.5.(没有时间了),wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightaway.6.(由于是好天气)yesterday,wewentoutforawalk.7.Theoldmanstoodthere,(背对着墙).8.(时间允许的话)，I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.9.(说了再见)，weallwenthomehappily.10.(由于是个好天气)，weallwentswimminginhighspirits.11.(信号发出后)，thebusstartedatonce.12.Shestoodthere,(泪珠滚落下来)fromhercheeks.13.(春天到来时)，theleavesareturninggreen.14.(我的词典丢了)，Ihadtobuyanewone.15.Iusedtosleepwith(窗户开着).16.(枪在肩上)，thehunterwentintotheforest.17.(生产提高了60%)，thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.18.With(很多工作要做)，Ihavetosituptonight.19.Hestoodtheresilently,(嘴唇在颤动).20.(老师帮我们)，wewillsurelysucceed.21.(演讲开始后)，helefthisseatsoquietlyasnottodisturbethespeaker.22.(情况就是这样)，Ihavenootherchoices.23.(夜幕降临了),theyoungpeoplestrolledonthestree