【纳米二硫化钼在超级电容器上的应用分析4500字】

纳米二硫化钼在超级电容器上的应用分析目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u7829纳米二硫化钼在超级电容器上的应用分析 1253741.1超级电容器概述 190951.2纳米二硫化钼的超级电容性能研究进展 51.1超级电容器概述超级电容器是一种新型的储能设备，较传统电容器而言，超级电容器可以提供更高的能量输出，并且其快速的功率输出和长时间的循环寿命弥补了电池设备的不足ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA（Kovalenkoetal.,2011;Melotetal.,2013;Caoetal.,2014;Wuetal.,2017）。因此，在能量储存系统中，超级电容器更多地是扮演“桥梁”的角色，即协调高能量输出的电池或燃料电池与高功率输出的电容器之间的功率-能量差（图1.19）ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA（Zhangetal.,2009;Kandalkaretal.,2010）。目前，超级电容器多应用于内存备份系统、电力发生装置、汽车制动系统等需要连续快速充放电的领域，或作为动力系统的一部分为电动汽车、3C产品（即计算机类、通讯类、消费类电子产品）等提供能量ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Miller</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>92</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Milleretal.,2018<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>92</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615536000">92</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Miller,ElizabethEsther</author><author>Hua,Ye</author><author>Tezel,F.Handan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Materialsforenergystorage:Reviewofelectrodematerialsandmethodsofincreasingcapacitanceforsupercapacitors</title><secondary-title>JournalofEnergyStorage</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofEnergyStorage</full-title></periodical><pages>30-40</pages><volume>20</volume><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>2352152X</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.est.2018.08.009</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>（Milleretal.,2018）。随着电子电气设备的日趋小型化以及电动汽车工业的不断发展，作为后备电源和记忆候补装置的超级电容器日益引起了人们的广泛关注。图1.19超级电容器和电池的功率密度与能量密度的Ragone图ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wu</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>86</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Wuetal.,2017<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>86</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615535927">86</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wu,Z.</author><author>Li,L.</author><author>Yan,J.M.</author><author>Zhang,X.B.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>StateKeyLaboratoryofRareEarthResourceUtilizationChangchunInstituteofAppliedChemistryChineseAcademyofSciencesChangchun130022China. UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100049China. KeyLaboratoryofAutomobileMaterialsMinistryofEducationandSchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineeringJilinUniversityChangchun130012China.</auth-address><titles><title>Materialsdesignandsystemconstructionforconventionalandnew-conceptsupercapacitors</title><secondary-title>AdvancedScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedScience</full-title></periodical><pages>1600382</pages><volume>4</volume><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>*integrateddevices</keyword><keyword>*materialdesign</keyword><keyword>*supercapacitors</keyword><keyword>*systemconstructions</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2198-3844(Print) 2198-3844(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>28638780</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/28638780</url></related-urls></urls><custom2>PMC5473330</custom2><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/advs.201600382</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>（Wuetal.,2017）Fig1.19RagoneplotshowingspecificpoweragainstspecificenergyoutputforsupercapacitorsandbatteriesdevicesADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wu</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>86</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Wuetal.,2017<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>86</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615535927">86</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wu,Z.</author><author>Li,L.</author><author>Yan,J.M.</author><author>Zhang,X.B.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>StateKeyLaboratoryofRareEarthResourceUtilizationChangchunInstituteofAppliedChemistryChineseAcademyofSciencesChangchun130022China. UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100049China. KeyLaboratoryofAutomobileMaterialsMinistryofEducationandSchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineeringJilinUniversityChangchun130012China.</auth-address><titles><title>Materialsdesignandsystemconstructionforconventionalandnew-conceptsupercapacitors</title><secondary-title>AdvancedScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedScience</full-title></periodical><pages>1600382</pages><volume>4</volume><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>*integrateddevices</keyword><keyword>*materialdesign</keyword><keyword>*supercapacitors</keyword><keyword>*systemconstructions</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2198-3844(Print) 2198-3844(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>28638780</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/28638780</url></related-urls></urls><custom2>PMC5473330</custom2><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/advs.201600382</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>(Wuetal.,2017)根据电荷储存机制的不同，超级电容器可分为双电层电容（EDLC）和赝电容（PC）（图1.20）ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA（Zhongetal.,2015）。双电层电容通过在电极和电解质界面发生的离子电荷的积累储存能量，因此其比电容大小强烈依赖于电极材料的比表面积。Helmholtz在研究胶体颗粒界面上的反电荷分布时，首次提出了Helmholtz双层模型ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Helmholtz</Author><Year>1853</Year><RecNum>212</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Helmholtz,1853<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>212</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1622467465">212</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Helmholtz,H</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>UebereinigeGesetzederVertheilungelektrischerStrömeinkörperlichenLeitern,mitAnwendungaufdiethierisch-elektrischenVersuche(Schluss.)[J].,1853</title><secondary-title>AnnalenDerPhysik</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AnnalenDerPhysik</full-title></periodical><pages>353-377</pages><volume>89</volume><number>21</number><dates><year>1853</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>（Helmholtz,1853）（图1.21a），该模型指出，在电极/电解液界面上形成两层相反的电荷，并被原子距离隔开，这个结构可以等效为一个平板电容器，其电容Cd可表示为：Cd然而，该模型存在明显的缺陷：由公式推论出Cd是一个恒定值，而实验观测中Cd是一个变量，相对电位与电解液浓度等都会对其产生影响。为了解决这一问题，Gouy和Chapman引入了“扩散层”的概念ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gouy</Author><Year>1910</Year><RecNum>213</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Gouy,1910;Chapman,1913<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>213</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1622467839">213</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gouy,M</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Surlaconstitutiondelachargeélectriqueàlasurfaced'unélectrolyte</title><secondary-title>JournalDePhysiqueThéoriqueEtAppliquée</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalDePhysiqueThéoriqueEtAppliquée</full-title></periodical><pages>457-468</pages><volume>9</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>1910</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Chapman</Author><Year>1913</Year><RecNum>214</RecNum><record><rec-number>214</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1622468087">214</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chapman,DL</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Acontributiontothetheoryofelectrocapillarity</title><secondary-title>TheLondon,Edinburgh,andDublinphilosophicalmagazineandjournalofscience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>TheLondon,Edinburgh,andDublinphilosophicalmagazineandjournalofscience</full-title></periodical><pages>475-481</pages><volume>25</volume><number>148</number><dates><year>1913</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>（Gouy,1910;Chapman,1913），认为在电极/电解液界面处，电极一侧的电荷严格分布于表面，而在电解液一侧由于不同离子间的相互作用，很多电荷会扩散到远离界面的体相溶液中，这一模型称为Gouy-Chapman模型（图1.21b）。该模型虽然能较好地解释双电层电容的变化，但与实际测量仍存在较大偏差。Stern在Gouy-Chapman模型的基础上进一步发展出Gouy-Chapman-Stern模型ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Stern</Author><Year>1924</Year><RecNum>215</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Stern,1924<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>215</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1622468333">215</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Stern,O</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Thetheoryoftheelectrolyticdouble-layer</title><secondary-title>Z.Elektrochem</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Z.Elektrochem</full-title></periodical><pages>1014-1020</pages><volume>30</volume><number>508</number><dates><year>1924</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>（Stern,1924）（图1.21c），将较为紧密的内层称为内Helmholtz层（IHP），该层产生的电容CH在固定体系中为恒定值，外Helmholtz层（OHP）为扩散层，产生电容CD，CH与CD串联，共同组成双电层电容Cd1随着研究的不断深入，所构建的模型还进一步考虑了离子的溶剂化以及界面处的吸附现象等，相关理论研究得到进一步完善。目前双电层电容的电极材料主要是炭基材料，如碳纳米球ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Song</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>94</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Songetal.,2019<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>94</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615539898">94</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Song,Ziyang</author><author>Zhu,Dazhang</author><author>Li,Liangchun</author><author>Chen,Tao</author><author>Duan,Hui</author><author>Wang,Zhiwei</author><author>Lv,Yaokang</author><author>Xiong,Wei</author><author>Liu,Mingxian</author><author>Gan,Lihua</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ultrahighenergydensityofa

N,Ocodopedcarbonnanospherebasedall-solid-statesymmetricsupercapacitor</title><secondary-title>JournalofMaterialsChemistryA</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofMaterialsChemistryA</full-title></periodical><pages>1177-1186</pages><volume>7</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>2050-7488 2050-7496</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/c8ta10158b</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>（Songetal.,2019）、活性炭ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>95</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Wangetal.,2019<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>95</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615539942">95</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wang,Chao</author><author>Zhang,Shao-Hui</author><author>Zhang,Long</author><author>Xi,Rui</author><author>Jiang,Da-Peng</author><author>Chen,Zi-Yang</author><author>Huang,Hui</author><author>Ding,Liu-Yi</author><author>Pan,Ge-Bo</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Naturalbambooleavesderivedsulphur-dopedmesoporousheteroatomenrichedcarbonforhigh-performancesupercapacitorsandgassensors</title><secondary-title>JournalofPowerSources</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofPowerSources</full-title></periodical><pages>227183</pages><volume>443</volume><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>03787753</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227183</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>（Wangetal.,2019）、介孔碳ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA（Bairietal.,2019;Nomuraetal.,2019）、碳纳米管（CNT）ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Cao</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>98</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Caoetal.,2019<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>98</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615540021">98</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Cao,Changyong</author><author>Zhou,Yihao</author><author>Ubnoske,Stephen</author><author>Zang,Jianfeng</author><author>Cao,Yunteng</author><author>Henry,Philémon</author><author>Parker,CharlesB.</author><author>Glass,JeffreyT.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Highlystretchablesupercapacitorsviacrumpledverticallyalignedcarbonnanotubeforests</title><secondary-title>AdvancedEnergyMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedEnergyMaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>1900618</pages><volume>9</volume><number>22</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1614-6832 1614-6840</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/aenm.201900618</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>（Caoetal.,2019）和石墨烯ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yang</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>99</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Yangetal.,2019<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>99</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615540072">99</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yang,Zhoufei</author><author>Tian,Jiarui</author><author>Yin,Zefang</author><author>Cui,Chaojie</author><author>Qian,Weizhong</author><author>Wei,Fei</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Carbonnanotube-andgraphene-basednanomaterialsandapplicationsinhigh-voltagesupercapacitor:Areview</title><secondary-title>Carbon</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Carbon</full-title></periodical><pages>467-480</pages><volume>141</volume><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>00086223</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.010</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>（Yangetal.,2019）等。受到电极材料自身双电层反应机理的限制，虽然双电层电容器的性能较普通电容器有较大提升，但其能量密度仍然远低于传统电池。不同于双电层电容的纯物理储能机制，赝电容通过可逆性表面或近表面法拉第反应储存电荷，因而具有更高的电容储存和能量密度。从电化学的角度，赝电容可以分为欠电位沉积、氧化还原赝电容和插层式赝电容三种类型ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Fleischmann</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>216</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Fleischmannetal.,2020<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>216</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1623131815">216</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fleischmann,S.</author><author>Mitchell,J.B.</author><author>Wang,R.</author><author>Zhan,C.</author><author>Jiang,D.E.</author><author>Presser,V.</author><author>Augustyn,V.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofMaterialsScience&Engineering,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,Raleigh,NorthCarolina27606,UnitedStates. QuantumSimulationGroup,LawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory,Livermore,California94550,UnitedStates. DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,California92521,UnitedStates. INM-LeibnizInstituteforNewMaterials,CampusD22,66123Saarbrucken,Germany. SaarlandUniversity,CampusD22,66123Saarbrucken,Germany.</auth-address><titles><title>Pseudocapacitance:FromFundamentalUnderstandingtoHighPowerEnergyStorageMaterials</title><secondary-title>ChemRev</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemRev</full-title></periodical><pages>6738-6782</pages><volume>120</volume><number>14</number><dates><year>2020</year><pub-dates><date>Jul22</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1520-6890(Electronic) 0009-2665(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>32597172</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/32597172</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00170</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>（Fleischmannetal.,2020），如图1.22所示。欠电位沉积（图1.22a）是溶液中金属离子在其氧化还原电位下，吸附在另一种金属表面形成单层金属层的过程，主要发生在金等惰性金属表面，并不常见。氧化还原赝电容（图1.22b）是指溶液中的离子电化学吸附到活性物质表面或者近表面，然后与传输来的电子发生氧化还原反应，将电子/离子转化为电荷储存起来的过程。插层式赝电容（图1.22c）是针对隧道状或者层状材料的一种新型的赝电容形式。溶液中的离子插层到材料的孔或者层间，进而与周围的原子、传输过来的电子发生氧化还原反应。这种赝电容形式不同于锂电池的插层，不会发生材料的相变。目前，具有多种价态的过渡金属氧化物（如Co3O4ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>100</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Lietal.,2019<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>100</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615540085">100</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,Guangmin</author><author>Chen,Mingzhi</author><author>Ouyang,Yu</author><author>Yao,Di</author><author>Lu,Lei</author><author>Wang,Liang</author><author>Xia,Xifeng</author><author>Lei,Wu</author><author>Chen,Shen-Ming</author><author>Mandler,Daniel</author><author>Hao,Qingli</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ManganesedopedCo3O4mesoporousnanoneedlearrayforlongcycle-stablesupercapacitors</title><secondary-title>AppliedSurfaceScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedSurfaceScience</full-title></periodical><pages>941-950</pages><volume>469</volume><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>01694332</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.11.099</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>（Lietal.,2019）、MnO2ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Edison</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>101</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Edisonetal.,2019<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>101</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615540098">101</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Edison,ThomasNesakumarJebakumarImmanuel</author><author>Atchudan,Raji</author><author>Karthik,Namachivayam</author><author>Xiong,Dangsheng</author><author>Lee,YongRok</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Directelectro-synthesisofMnO2nanoparticlesovernickelfoamfromspentalkalinebatterycathodeanditssupercapacitorperformance</title><secondary-title>JournaloftheTaiwanInstituteofChemicalEngineers</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournaloftheTaiwanInstituteofChemicalEngineers</full-title></periodical><pages>414-423</pages><volume>97</volume><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>18761070</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.jtice.2019.01.019</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>（Edisonetal.,2019）、NiOADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Liu</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>102</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Liuetal.,2019<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>102</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615540112">102</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Liu,Panbo</author><author>Yang,Mengying</author><author>Zhou,Suhua</author><author>Huang,Ying</author><author>Zhu,Yade</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Hierarchicalshell-corestructuresofconcavesphericalNiOnanospines@carbonforhighperformancesupercapacitorelectrodes</title><secondary-title>ElectrochimicaActa</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ElectrochimicaActa</full-title></periodical><pages>383-390</pages><volume>294</volume><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>00134686</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.112</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>（Liuetal.,2019）、Fe3O4ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA（Shengetal.,2019）等）、过渡金属硫化物（如Ni3S4ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chen</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>104</RecNum><DisplayText><stylefont="微软雅黑">（</style>Chenetal.,2019<stylefont="微软雅黑">）</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>104</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ts2setpavsxtr1edt23vd9apdedsp92ffazv"timestamp="1615540138">104</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chen,TianHua</author><author>Liu,ZhiLin</author><author>Liu,ZhangSheng</author><author>Tao,XueYu</author><author>Fan,HeLiang</author><author>Guo,LiTong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Fabricationofinterconnected2D/3DNiS/Ni3S4compositesforhighperformancesupercapacitor</title><secondary-title>MaterialsLetters</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>MaterialsLetters</full-title></periodical><pages>1-4</pages><v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