2026年高中基础语法测试题及答案

2026年高中基础语法测试题及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.下列句子中，主语为复合主语的是A.TomandJerryaregoodfriends.B.Thebookonthedeskismine.C.Runningeverymorningkeepsmefit.D.Whathesaidsurprisedus.2.下列选项中，划线部分为同位语从句的是A.Thefactthathefailedsurprisedus.B.Iknowthemanwhowrotetheletter.C.Thehousewherehelivesisold.D.SheaskedifIcouldhelpher.3.下列句子中，谓语动词为虚拟语气的是A.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.B.IwishIweretaller.C.Hesaidhewastired.D.Shehasfinishedherhomework.4.下列句子中，含有独立主格结构的是A.Theweatherbeingfine,wewentoutforawalk.B.Becauseitwascold,heworeacoat.C.Isawhimcrossingthestreet.D.ThemanwhoistalkingtoMaryismyuncle.5.下列选项中，划线部分为过去分词作定语的是A.Thebrokenwindowhasbeenrepaired.B.Breakingtherule,hewaspunished.C.Iheardhimsingingintheroom.D.Thegirlsingingonthestageismysister.6.下列句子中，含有省略现象的是A.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.B.HeworksharderthanIwork.C.Sheistallerthanhersisteristall.D.Iknowthathewillcome.7.下列句子中，划线部分为强调句型的是A.Itwasyesterdaythathearrived.B.Hearrivedyesterday.C.Yesterdayhearrived.D.Hesaidhewouldarriveyesterday.8.下列选项中，划线部分为介词短语作状语的是A.Withabookinhishand,heenteredtheroom.B.Themanwithabookismyteacher.C.Ihaveabooktoread.D.Thebookonthedeskisnew.9.下列句子中，含有倒装结构的是A.NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulsunset.B.Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulsunset.C.SuchabeautifulsunsetIhaveneverseen.D.Ihaveseensuchabeautifulsunsetnever.10.下列选项中，划线部分为不定式作目的状语的是A.Topasstheexam,hestudiedhard.B.Heseemstobehappy.C.Ihavealotofworktodo.D.Thebestwaytolearnistopractice.二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11.Itishightimethatwe______(take)actiontoprotecttheenvironment.12.Theteacherdemandedthateverystudent______(be)presentontime.13.Notonly______hespeakEnglish,buthealsospeaksFrench.14.Themoreyoupractice,______(easy)itbecomes.15.Iwouldratheryou______(tell)methetruthyesterday.16.Thebookissaid______(translate)intotwentylanguages.17.Withtheguide______(lead)theway,wereachedthevillagesafely.18.Hardlyhadhesatdown______thephonerang.19.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas______hemissedthebus.20.Such______theresultsthatwehadexpected.三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）21.“Thegirlwearingareddressismycousin.”中wearing为现在分词作定语。22.“Isawhimcrossthestreet.”中cross为不带to的不定式作宾补。23.“Itissuggestedthathegoestoseeadoctor.”中goes用法正确。24.“Thereisnodenyingthatheishonest.”中denying为动名词作主语。25.“Heisthelastpersontotrust.”中不定式totrust为后置定语。26.“Littledidheknowthathehadwontheprize.”为部分倒装句。27.“Thenewswhichhetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.”中which可省略。28.“Iwillhavemybikerepairtomorrow.”句型正确。29.“Theteacherspokesofastthatwecouldn’tfollow.”中that引导结果状语从句。30.“Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.”逻辑上表示最高级含义。四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）31.简述定语从句中关系代词that与which用法上的三点区别。32.说明虚拟语气在“wish+宾语从句”中的三种时间对应形式。33.概括并举例说明英语中“主谓一致”需遵循的两大基本原则。34.写出倒装句中“否定副词置于句首”的四种常见结构并各举一例。五、讨论题（每题5分，共20分）35.结合实例讨论非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）在句法功能上的互补与冲突。36.比较“强调句型”与“主语从句”在形式与意义上的异同，并指出易混淆点。37.分析“省略”现象在高中写作中的利与弊，提出三条教学建议。38.探讨“虚拟语气”在表达委婉、建议、批判三种语用功能时的语调与语义差异。答案与解析一、1A2A3B4A5A6A7A8A9A10A二、11took12be13does14theeasier15hadtold16tohavebeentranslated17leading18when19that20were三、21√22√23×24√25√26√27√28×29√30√四、311.先行词为不定代词everything等用that不用which；2.先行词被最高级修饰用that；3.非限制性从句用which不用that。例：Allthatglittersisnotgold.;Thepencil,whichisred,ismine.32与现在事实相反用过去式：IwishIknewit.；与过去事实相反用过去完成式：IwishIhadknownit.；与将来可能性相反用would/could+动词原形：Iwishitwouldstopraining.33语法一致：单数主语用单数谓语，Theboyruns.；意义一致：集体名词强调整体用单数，Theteamisstrong.强调成员用复数，Theteamarearguing.34Never:NeverhaveIbeenthere.；Hardly:Hardlyhadheleft.；Seldom:Seldomdoesshecomplain.；Little:Littledidtheyknow.五、35不定式表目的、动名词表已发生、分词表进行或状态，功能互补如Istoppedsmoking.与Istoppedtosmoke.意义对立；冲突如Ilikeswimming.与Iliketoswim.地域差异。36强调句型Itis/was…that…去掉后句子完整，主语从句Thathecamelatesu