西方文化导论

RevisionUnitUnit1Multiplechoice:(1)____isthemajorfoundationintheWesterncultureandmakesapowerfulimpactonthedevelopmentofhumancivilization.A.AncientEuropeanculture B.AncientGreekculture C.AncientChineseculture D.AncientEgyptiancultureA.theNeolithicAge B.theBronzeAge C.theStoneandBronzeAge D.theOldStoneAge(2)Greekculturecandatebackto____.A.farmingB.handicraftandtradeC.religionD.philosophy(3)MycenaeanculturewasinfluencedthemostbyCretancultureon____.A.theHeroicAgeB.theGoldenAgeC.theCretanCivilizationD.theMycenaeanCivilization(4)TheTrojanWarbrokeoutattheendof____.A.archaic B.central C.dependent D.darkTexStudy(5)ThefirstOlympiadbeganinthe____periodoftheGoldenAge.(6)____establishedtheAcademy----thefirstGreekinstitutionofhigherlearning.A.PlatoB.SocratesC.AristotleD.Heraclitus

B.ByzantiumC.PaxRomana D.SevenHillAllyUnit2A.RomanRepublic AncientRomancultureistheculturefromtheformationof____totheendoftheRomanEmpire,whichhadlastedabout1200yearsthroughout.A.OctavianandCaesarB.CaesarandRemusD.RomulusandOctavianC.RomulusandRemus(2)____werethetwins,thefoundersofRomeinthehistory.A.Caesar

C.Remus D.PompeyB.Octavian(3)____wasthefirstemperorinRomanEmpirefrom27BCto14AD.(P.32-33)A.JuliusCaesar,MarkAntony,SullaB.Pompey,Crassus,CleopatraD.Octavian,Brutus,MariusC.Pompey,Crassus,JuliusCaesar(4)TheFirstTriumvirateconsistedof____.前三头同盟（TheFirstTriumvirate）指公元前60年，由庞培、克拉苏和凯撒组成的政治联盟，相对于屋大维、马克·安东尼和雷必达组成的后三头同盟。(P.31-32)A.Greek B.Sicily C.Spain D.Carthage(5)PunicwarsareaseriesofwarsbetweenRomeand____.The

PunicWars

wereaseriesofthree

wars

foughtbetweenRomeandCarthagefrom264BCto146BC.公元前264～前146年古代罗马与迦太基之间的3次战争。罗马人称迦太基人为“布匿”，故名。第一、二次布匿战争是作战双方为争夺西部地中海霸权而进行的扩张战争，第三次布匿战争则是罗马以强凌弱的侵略战争。Unit3(1)TheBabylonianCaptivityreferstothecaptivationandimprisonmentoftheJewsbyNebuchadnezzarII,in____.

A.586BC

B.450BC

C.330BC

D.586Inhistory,Israelitemonarchyprosperedwiththethreekings,Saul,____.A.DavidandSolomonB.MosesandDavid C.JacobandDavid D.JacobandSolomon___wontheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1978.A.PulitzerJosephB.SaulBellowC.SingerD.HemingwayTheancestoroftheJewsis___.

A.GreekB.GermanicC.HebrewD.Roman

TextStudy_IV_3.1Unit4Multiplechoice.(1)_____,theChristianChurchwasdividedintotheRomanCatholicChurchandtheEasternOrthodoxChurch.A.In1054 B.In1054BC C.In1055 D.In380A.St.Peter B.SaintLeoI C.MartinLuther D.JohnCalvinTextStudy_IV_3.2(2)In451AD,thearchbishopofRomanChurch,____________,madehimselfPope.A.LutheranChurchB.AnglicanismC.PresbyterianD.FreeChurches(3)Thelargestandearliestofnon-RomanCatholicGroupsintheWestis___________.TextStudy_6_5Unit5Trueorfalsequestions.(1)Sincethemedievalcultureretardedduringalmost1000yearsdevelopment,thisperiodneverenhancedWesternhumancivilizationinhistory.(2)ThedivisionoftheFrankEmpireintothreepartsafterCharlemagne’sdeathsignifiedtheweakeningofthecentralizedsystem.(3)ThespiritoftheGothsformedonepartofthecentralfeaturesoftheChristianTrinity.(4)ThehierarchicallevelsofthepriesthoodduringMedievalAgesbeginwiththePopeassupremeleader,followedbycardinals,archbishops,bishopsandtheparishpriest.F__T__T__T__TextStudy_6_5(5)Inmedievalsociety,Godpermanentlyservedasanimageofseverityandsolemnity,withoutchangeuntiltherenaissance.

F__Unit6(1)Thebourgeoisiewasaresultof____productionintermsofwage-paymentandprofit.A.mass

B.agriculturalC.industrialD.commercialA.transitional

B.lastC.initialD.preparatory(2)TheRenaissancewasthe____stageoftheMiddleAgesbeforethemodernepoch.A.BerlinB.RomeC.BolognaD.Oxford(3)TheearliestuniversityinEuropewastheoneestablishedin_______.A.14thcenturyB.13thcenturyC.12thcenturyD.11thcentury(4)Themedievalcivilizationmetitsclimaxduringthe_________.A.Thebreak-upoffeudalstructures.B.Theemergenceofnationalmonarchies.C.Theriseoffolkcultureandpopularliterature.D.Therevivalofreligiousbeliefs.(5)WhichofthefollowingisnottheinspirationfortheRenaissance?(6)TheRenaissancemadeitsfirstappearanceinthecityof_______.A.Venice

B.ParisC.FlorenceD.London(7)ThecoreideaoftheRenaissancewas_____.A.rationalism

B.realism

C.humanism

D.classicism(8)ThemostimportantreasonfortheemergenceoftheRenaissanceinItalyis_______.A.Italy’sprosperoustradeB.thevarietyofurbansociallifeC.theuseofLatinasacommonlanguageD.thatthenewlyemergingcapitalistssoughttoopposefeudalanddivinedominanceofsociety(9)ThemajorboostofHumanismis_______.A.thefallofConstantinopleB.theprosperityofthecityofFlorenceC.theprosperoustradeandproductionofhandicraftD.therichvarietyofurbansociallifeA.Literatureshouldrepresentthefeelingsofordinaryhumans.B.Scienceshouldproducebenefitsformankind.C.Educationshoulddevelopdivinespiritandclassicalculture.D.Manshouldbecomecentralineverything.(10)Whichofthefollowingisnotthemajorprincipleofhumanism?Whichofthefollowingphilosophersfirstputforwardtheideaofthedivisionofpower?DavidHume.B.JohnLocke.C.GeorgeBerkeley.D.Voltaire.Unit7(2)TheFrenchDeclarationofHumanRightsandtheAmericanDeclarationofIndependenceowedmuchoftheirsourcesandinspirationto_________SpiritofLaws(1748).A.Montesquieu’sB.Voltaire’sC.Rousseau’sD.Diderot’s(3)

Montesquieu’stheoryofthedivisionofpowerdividesthepoliticalauthorityinto_________.legislative,administrativeandjudicialpowersB.legislative,executiveandjudicialpowersC.legislative,executiveandelectoralpowersD.legislative,executiveandlawenforcementpowers(4)Rousseauisfamousforhisideaof_________.thedivinerightofthekingB.thesocialcontractC.thedivinerightofthehumanbeingsD.empiricism(5)TheEnlightenmentisnotopposedto____________.A.superstitionB.feudalismC.rationalismD.absolutismA.WordsworthB.ColeridgeD.ByronC.Rousseau(1)Romanticismfirstbeganintheideasof____.Unit8WordsworthandSouthey

B.ColeridgeandSoutheyD.SoutheyandBlakeC.WordsworthandColeridge(2)EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebegunin1798withthepublicationofLyricalBalladsby

_____.A.FaustandTheRobberC.Dr.FaustusandTheSorrowsofYoungWerther

D.FaustandTheDivineComedyB.FaustandTheSorrowsofYongWerther(3)ThemostfamousGermanromanticwriterisGoethewhoserepresentativeworksinclude___.BaronAntoineGros B.TheodoreGericaultC.P.O.Runge D.EugeneDelacroixA.OdetoNightingale.B.OdeonMelancholy.D.OdeonIndolence.C.OdetotheWestWind.(5)WhichofthefollowingisnottheodewrittenbyJohnKeats?A.theConservativePartyB.theLiberalPartyD.theToriesMultiplechoice:C.theWhigParty1.Theparliamentaryreformof1832inEnglandenabled___________tocometopoweronbehalfoftheinterestsofthebourgeoisie.Unit92.

JeremyBentham’sutilitarianismisfoundedontwoprinciples:thepsychologicalprincipleoftheassociationofideasand

_________.A.RobertOwenC.DavidHumeD.KantB.JohnStuartMill3.UtilitarianismisestablishedbyJeremyBenthamandperfectedby

__________.

B.political,naturalandmoralC.natural,religiousandmoral D.natural,religiousandpoliticalA.political,religiousandmoral4.AccordingtoJeremyBentham,bothrightandobligationshouldcomefromlawandtheybothhavethreeaspects:

______.D.Utilityisdifferentinqualityandhappinesscouldbeclassifiedbyadvantages5.ThedifferencebetweenBenthamandMillonutilitarianismis:_______.TheearliestutopiandoctrinecamefromMeyer’sbookUtopia.UtopiansocialismstartedfrommechanicalmaterialismandhadtheoreticalsignificanceintheformationofMarxism.Theutopianrepresentativesheldthatsocialismandcommunismbothhadarationalbasis.Theutopiansocialistthinkerssharedasimilarviewtochangethesocietybyviolentmeans.Oneofthelimitationsofutopiansocialismisthatitemphasizedtheanticipatedchangeinman,deniedtheneedfortheclassstruggleandregardedtheirversionofsocialismasnon-politicalsocialism.Trueorfalsequestions:1.2.3.4.5.T___F___F___T___T___TextStudy_III_3.1Unit10(1)EzraPoundistheleadingspokesmanofthe_______.A.ImagistMovement

B.ChartistMovementC.ModernistMovement

D.RomanticMovement(2)WhichofthefollowingAmericannovelscanberegardedastypicallybelongingtotheschoolofliterarymodernism?A.UncleTom’sCabin.

B.TheSoundandtheFury.C.DaisyMiller.

D.TheAdventuresofTomSawyer.(3)JamesJoyceandVirginiaWoolfareusuallyassociatedwith_________.A.theImagistMovement

B.theFeministMovementC.theStreamofConsciousnesstechnique

D.Futurism(4)Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutmodernisttechniquesofexpression?A.Preferenceforthesymbolic.

B.Fascinationwiththeabsurd.C.Disillusionmentwiththetraditional.

D.Representationoftheoutwardreality.(5)ErnestHemingway’searlyworkslikeTheSunAlsoRiseswerefulloftheexistentialdisillusionmentofAmerica’s

.A.BeatGeneration

B.LostGenerationC.FailGeneration

D.AngryGenerationUnit11Multiplechoice.MarxismwasfoundedbyMarxandEngelswiththepublicationofTheCommunistManifestoin_________.A.1840

B.1848

C.1888

D.1832A.HerbertSpencer

B.CharlesDarwin

C.EdmundSpencer

D.KarlMarx(2)ThemajoradvocateofSocialDarwinismis________.A.libido,egoandid

B.id,egoandsuperego

C.libido,idandsuperego

D.id,superegoandlibidoTextStudy(3)Inhistheory,Freudintroducedthethreeconceptsof________toexplainthethreelevelsofpersonalitydevelopmentofthehumanbeings.A.Thehighestformofinstinctivepowerwasintellect.B.Intuitioncouldmanipulateexperience,butintellectdistortedexperiences.C.Intellectwastheoreticalandviewedtheworldinageometricalway.D.Theobjectiveworldwasmerelyspatial,nottemporal.(4)AccordingtoBergson,whichofthefollowingstatementsonintuitionandintellectiswrong?A.TheTheatreoftheAbsurd.

B.BlackHumor.C.TheBeatGeneration.

D.StreamofConsciousness.(5)WhichofthefollowingmodernistliteraryschoolsisnotinfluencedbyJean-PaulSartre’sExistentialism?ComprehensionExercises1.Cinemahasgreatlychangedthewaysof