备考2027中考英语一轮复习之七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题八 词性转换综合（含答案）

七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题八词性转换综合【教材出处】七上Unit1Anewstart：动词变名词（-tion、-er）七上Unit5Thepowerofplants：名词变形容词（-y、-ful、-less）七下Unit4Theartofhavingfun：形容词变副词（-ly）；动词变名词（-ance/-ence：appear→appearance）八上Unit1Thisisme：动词变名词（-ment、-tion）、形容词变副词八上Unit5Playbytherules?：前缀派生（un-、re-、dis-）八下Unit5Lookingintonature：动词变形容词（-ed/-ing）八下Unit6Livingwithnature：名词变形容词（-al、-ous）；动词变名词（-ance/-ence：exist→existence）【考点精讲】考点一动词变名词1.后缀-tion/-sion动词名词变化规则educateeducation直接加-tioninventinvention直接加-tioncelebratecelebration词尾去e加-tionintroduceintroduction直接加-tionpronouncepronunciation去e、变u，加-ation（特殊拼写）decidedecision词尾de改为s，加-iondiscussdiscussion直接加-sion注意：以-te结尾动词变名词，大多去e加-tion；pronounce为特殊变形，单独记忆。2.后缀-ment动词名词变化规则developdevelopment直接加-mentagreeagreement直接加-mentimproveimprovement直接加-mentachieveachievement去e加-mentmovemovement去e加-mentenjoyenjoyment直接加-ment3.后缀-ance/-ence动词名词词义appearappearance出现；外貌disappeardisappearance消失existexistence存在performperformance表演；表现4.后缀-ing（动名词/物品名词）动词名词变化规则buildbuilding直接加-ingpaintpainting直接加-ingswimswimming重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音+ingshopshopping重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音+ing5.后缀-er/-or（表人/工具）动词名词词义teachteacher教师workworker工人drivedriver司机writewriter作家runrunner跑步者（双写n）swimswimmer游泳者（双写m）inventinventor发明家actactor演员visitvisitor游客注意：-er、-or无统一区分规则，积累固定词；常用-or词：actor、inventor、visitor、director、professor。6.基数词变序数词基数词序数词变化规则onefirst特殊变化twosecond特殊变化threethird特殊变化fourfourth直接加-thfivefifthve变f，加-theighteighth去t，加-thnineninth去e，加-thtwelvetwelfthve变f，加-thtwentytwentiethy变ie，加-th7.零派生（动词、名词同形）change、help、show、talk、walk、answer、dream考点二形容词变副词1.规则变化单词特征变化规则例词普通形容词直接加-lyquick→quickly；careful→carefully辅音字母+y结尾y变i，再加-lyhappy→happily；easy→easily-le结尾去掉e，变-le为-lyterrible→terribly；possible→possibly-ic结尾加-allybasic→basically；scientific→scientifically-ll结尾加-yfull→fully2.形副同形（无ly）hard、fast、late、early、long

例句：Heworkshard./Sherunsfast.3.不规则特殊变化good→well

bad→badly易错提醒：以-ly结尾，但词性为形容词，不是副词：friendly、lovely、lonely、lively、daily、weekly、monthly。考点三名词变形容词1.后缀-y（天气/特征类）名词形容词规则sunsunny双写n加-ycloudcloudy直接加-yrainrainy直接加-ywindwindy直接加-ylucklucky词尾y变i加-yhealthhealthy词尾y变i加-ynoisenoisy去e加-y2.后缀-ly（表属性）friend→friendly；love→lovely；day→daily；week→weekly；month→monthly3.后缀-ful（充满……的，褒义）care→careful；use→useful；hope→hopeful；help→helpful；meaning→meaningful；wonder→wonderful；success→successful（y变i加-ful）4.后缀-less（无……的，与-ful相反）care→careless；use→useless；home→homeless；hope→hopeless；help→helpless5.后缀-alnature→natural；education→educational；tradition→traditional；person→personal；nation→national；music→musical6.后缀-ousdanger→dangerous；humor→humorous；mountain→mountainous；courage→courageous（去e加-ous）7.后缀-ablecomfort→comfortable；fashion→fashionable；knowledge→knowledgeable（去e加-able）8.特殊变形国家类：China→Chinese；Japan→Japanese；England→English

方位词：west→western考点四动词变形容词1.-ed/-ing分词形容词（最高频）区分核心：-ed：修饰人，表达“人感到……”；也可修饰look/voice等表情绪的名词-ing：修饰事物，表达“令人……的”动词-ed形容词-ing形容词interestinterested（感兴趣的）interesting（有趣的）exciteexcited（兴奋的）exciting（令人激动的）borebored（无聊的）boring（乏味的）tiretired（疲惫的）tiring（累人的）amazeamazed（吃惊的）amazing（令人惊奇的）surprisesurprised（惊讶的）surprising（出人意料的）frightenfrightened（害怕的）frightening（吓人的）例句：Shehasatiredlook./Hegaveanexcitingspeech.2.-ive等后缀派生形容词create→creative；act→active；enjoy→enjoyable；live→lively；forget→forgetful；imagine→imaginative后缀-ive含义：有……特质、倾向的。考点五前缀派生（只改变词义，不改变词性）1.否定前缀un-（通用）happy→unhappy；usual→unusual；kind→unkind；healthy→unhealthy；important→unimportant；comfortable→uncomfortable；friendly→unfriendly2.否定前缀in-/im-/il-/ir-（按单词首字母区分）前缀使用条件例词im-b/m/p开头单词possible→impossible；polite→impolite；patient→impatientil-l开头单词legal→illegalir-r开头单词regular→irregularin-其余大部分单词active→inactive；correct→incorrect3.前缀re-再次、重新write→rewrite；tell→retell；view→review；cycle→recycle；build→rebuild4.前缀dis-相反、否定like→dislike；appear→disappear；agree→disagree；honest→dishonest5.前缀en-使……joy→enjoy；courage→encourage；danger→endanger四、高频失分点动词变名词后缀混淆

错误：decide→decidement/discuss→discussment

正确：decide→decision；discuss→discussion

规律：de结尾动词常变de为s加-ion；ss结尾直接加-sion。形容词变副词变形失误

true→truly（去e变y加ly）；terrible→terribly（le改ly）；happy→happily（y变i加ly）否定前缀误用

错误：unpossible/unlegal

正确：impossible（p开头用im-）；illegal（l开头用il-）-ed/-ing形容词混用

错误：Themovieisinterested./IaminterestinginEnglish.

正确：Themovieisinteresting./IaminterestedinEnglish.五、九年级衔接预览九年级阅读生词量大，大量派生词、合成词，需借助构词法猜词，复习重点：后缀识别、否定前缀规则、形容词变副词变形。三级过关精练过关一・基础达标一、用所给词适当形式填空Sheisavery________(create)artist.Weshouldbe________(care)whenwecrossthestreet.Heis________(true)sorryforwhathesaid.Theweatherhereis________(cloud)today.Ifeel________(tire)afteralongwalk.Sheis________(friend)toeveryone.Heisan________(invent)ofmanyusefulthings.Thestoryisvery________(interest).Weshouldeat________(health)food.ShecanspeakEnglish________(fluent).二、单项选择Itis________foryoutofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.

A.possible B.possibly C.possibility D.impossibleSheisa________girl.Everyonelikesher.

A.love B.loving C.lovelily D.lovelyPleasespeak________sothateveryonecanhearyou.

A.loud B.loudly C.louder D.moreloudThemovieis________.Iam________init.

A.interesting;interested B.interested;interesting

C.interesting;interesting D.interested;interestedHeisa________man.Healwaysmakespeoplelaugh.

A.humor B.humorously C.humorous D.humorsWeshould________thestoryinourownwords.

A.tell B.retell C.told D.tellingThesunisshining________today.

A.bright B.brightest C.brighter D.brightlySheis________becauseshedidn’tpasstheexam.

A.happy B.happily C.unhappy D.unhappilyTheroadisfullof________,sowemustdriveslowly.

A.danger B.dangerous C.dangerously D.dangersIenjoy________inthesea.

A.swim B.swimming C.swimmer D.swam过关二・能力提升三、用所给词适当形式填空The________(develop)oftechnologyhaschangedourlives.Thechildrenwere________(excite)abouttheschooltrip.Shemadea________(decide)tostudyabroad.Itis________(possible)forustofinishtheworkinoneday.Theteachergaveussome________(use)advice.四、单项选择The________ofthecityhasgrownquickly.

A.population B.popular C.populate D.populatedSheisa________girl.Shealwayshelpsothers.

A.help B.helpful C.helpless D.helpingThestoryisvery________.Iam________init.

A.interesting;interesting B.interested;interested

C.interesting;interested D.interested;interestingWeshouldprotectthe________environment.

A.nature B.natural C.naturally D.nationHeis________inhisclass.

A.success B.succeed C.successfully D.successfulThe________ofthemeetingistodiscusstheplan.

A.purpose B.purposed C.purposeful D.purposelyShespeaksEnglish________.

A.fluent B.fluently C.fluency D.morefluentThe________isveryimportantforourhealth.

A.educate B.educated C.educational D.educationSheisa________woman.Shenevergivesup.

A.determination B.determine C.determined D.determiningThenewsmadeus________.

A.surprise B.surprised C.surprising D.surprisingly过关三・综合突破五、短文词形填空Doyouknowthe________36(important)ofreading?Readingisnotonlya________37(use)skillbutalsoagreatwaytorelax.Itcanmakeus________38(knowledge)andimproveour________39(imagine).MyfriendLucyisa________40(love)girlwhoenjoysreading________41(history)books.Sheis________42(interest)inancienthistory.Sheoftenvisitsthelibraryandborrowsbooks________43(regular).Shesaysreadingmakesherfeel________44(happily)andhelpsherbecomemore________45(create).参考答案与详细解析过关一・基础达标一、词形填空creative修饰名词artist，形容词表“有创造力的”careful固定搭配becareful（小心）truly副词修饰形容词sorrycloudy形容词作表语，多云的tired修饰人，表“感到疲惫”friendlybefriendlyto对……友好inventor名词，发明家interesting修饰事物story，令人有趣的healthy形容词修饰food，健康的fluently副词修饰动词speak二、单项选择AItis+adj.todo；impossible语义不符，其余词性错误Dlovely形容词修饰girl；lovelily为错误拼写B副词loudly修饰动词speak；无比较级提示，排除C、DA事物用interesting