备考2027中考英语一轮复习之七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题七 非谓语动词：不定式与动名词

七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题七非谓语动词：不定式与动名词【教材出处】七下Unit1Thesecretsofhappiness：动名词作主语（Readingisfun.）八上Module1“HowtolearnEnglish”：疑问词+不定式（howtoimproveEnglish）八上Module2“Myhometownandmycountry”：Ittakessb+时间+todo八上Module5Unit1“IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera”：不定式作宾语（want/decide/hope）八上Module6Unit1“Itallowspeopletogetclosertothem”：不定式作宾语补足语（allow/ask/tell/wantsbtodo）八上Module7“Afamousstory”：seesbdo/seesbdoing八下Unit1Careertalks：不定式作目的状语、It’s+adj.+(for/ofsb)+todo八下Unit3Whatmakesagreatteam?：too…to/enoughto八下Unit4Helpingout：动词+doing（enjoy/finish/mind/practice/keep/avoid）八下Unit6Livingwithnature：beusedtodoing【考点精讲】考点一非谓语动词概述一个简单句中只能有一套谓语动词，其余动词必须使用非谓语形式。非谓语分三类：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词(现在分词doing/过去分词done)。本专题仅讲解不定式与动名词。形式核心含义可充当句子成分todo（不定式）表目的、将来、单次具体动作宾语、宾补、状语、定语、主语doing（动名词）表泛指、习惯性、经常性动作主语、宾语、介词宾语补充区分：动名词doing本质相当于名词；现在分词doing相当于形容词/副词，二者书写形式一致、句法功能完全不同。考点二动词不定式（todo）的句法功能一、作宾语1.动词+todo（固定搭配）动词释义例句want想要Iwanttobuyanewbike.decide决定Hedecidedtostudyabroad.hope希望ShehopestovisitBeijing.agree同意Theyagreedtohelpus.plan计划WeplantotraveltoShanghai.learn学习Helearnedtoswimbyhimself.wish盼望Iwishtobecomeadoctor.choose选择Shechosetostayathome.afford负担得起Wecan’taffordtobuyacar.refuse拒绝Herefusedtoanswerthemise承诺Shepromisedtocomeontime.pretend假装Hepretendedtobeasleep.特殊结构：不定式作宾语且后带宾补时，用it作形式宾语，不定式后置。

例：IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglish.（it形式宾语，tolearnEnglish真正宾语）2.疑问词+todo结构：疑问词(what/which/when/where/how/whether)+不定式，等同于宾语从句简化，可作动词/介词宾语。作动词宾语

Idon’tknowwhattodo.=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.

Sheislearninghowtocook.=Sheislearninghowshecancook.作介词宾语

Heaskedmeaboutwheretogo.=Heaskedmeaboutwhereheshouldgo.使用要点：what/which在不定式内部充当主语或宾语；where/when/how仅作状语。

例：Idon’tknowwhattobuy.（what作buy宾语）；Idon’tknowwheretogo.（where作地点状语）二、作宾语补足语结构：动词+sb+todo，否定式统一为sbnottodo动词释义例句tell告诉Shetoldmetowaithere.ask请求Heaskedmetohelphim.want想要Iwantyoutogowithme.allow允许Theydon’tallowustosmokehere.encourage鼓励Theteacherencouragedustotryagain.advise建议Thedoctoradvisedmetorest.expect期待Weexpectyoutosucceed.warn警告Hewarnedmenottogothere.否定示例：Hetoldmenottobelate.三、作目的状语表“为了……”，可放句末（常规）或句首（强调目的）；可用inorderto替换加强语气，soasto不能置于句首。句末：ShewenttoBeijingtostudyChinese.句首：Togetgoodgrades,wemuststudyhard.四、作后置定语放在名词/不定代词后，表“将要去做的……”；若修饰不及物动词，末尾必须补充对应介词。Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.Sheneedsaroomtolivein.（live不及物，必须加in）Heislookingforsomethingtoeat.

拓展搭配：apentowritewith、achairtositon五、作主语常用it作形式主语，不定式后置，避免句子头重脚轻。句型1：It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb)+todosthforsb：形容词描述事物本身属性（easy/difficult/important/necessary）

It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.ofsb：形容词描述人的性格品质（kind/nice/clever/foolish/polite）

It’skindofyoutohelpme.句型2：Ittakes/tooksb+时间段+todosth做某事花费某人多久Ittakesmehalfanhourtogettoschool.

Ittookhertwohourstofinishthework.六、省略to的不定式（感官/使役动词）主动语态中，see/watch/hear/notice/feel/make/let/have后接宾语+动词原形（省to）；被动语态必须还原to。分类动词基础结构例句感官动词see/watch/hear/notice/feelseesbdosthIsawhimentertheroom.使役动词make/let/havemakesbdosthShemademewaitforanhour.关键区分：seesbdovsseesbdoingseesbdo：看见动作完整全过程

Isawhimcrossthestreet.（我看见他过完了马路）seesbdoing：看见动作正在发生

Isawhimcrossingthestreet.（我看见他当时正在过马路）被动还原to示例主动：Isawhimentertheroom.

被动：Hewasseentoentertheroom.

主动：Shemademewait.

被动：Iwasmadetowaitforanhour.七、不定式核心句型汇总too+形/副+todo太……而不能……

Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.形/副+enough+todo足够……可以做……

Heisoldenoughtodriveacar.疑问词+todo该如何/何时/何地做……

Idon’tknowwhattosay.注意：too…to本身自带否定含义，无需额外加not；enough修饰形容词/副词时后置。考点三动名词（doing）的句法功能一、作宾语（固定搭配）动词、介词短语后接doing作宾语动词/短语释义例句enjoy喜爱Sheenjoysreadingnovels.finish完成Hefinishedwritingthereport.mind介意Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?practice练习Ipracticeplayingthepianoeveryday.keep持续、保持Keepworkinghard.avoid避免Weshouldavoidmakingmistakes.consider考虑Sheconsideredmovingtoanewcity.suggest建议Hesuggestedgoingtothepark.imagine想象Ican’timaginelivingwithoutwater.miss错过Shemissedcatchingthetrain.giveup放弃Hegaveupsmoking.lookforwardto期待Welookforwardtomeetingyou.begoodat擅长Sheisgoodatswimming.beafraidof害怕Heisafraidofspeakinginpublic.beusedto习惯于Sheisusedtogettingupearly.payattentionto注意Youshouldpayattentiontolisteninginclass.feellike想要Ifeellikeeatingsomething.can’thelp忍不住Ican’thelplaughing.判断to的属性：to后接动词原形=不定式符号；to后接名词/doing=介词。二、作主语动名词表泛指习惯性动作，谓语动词用单数。

Readingisfun.

Swimmingisgoodforhealth.

WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.对比不定式作主语：

Readingmakesmehappy.（泛指阅读这件事）

Toreadthisbookismyplanfortoday.（特指今天要读书这个具体计划）三、作介词宾语介词后只能用doing，不能用todo

Sheisinterestedindancing.

Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.

Thankyouforhelpingme.考点四同一动词后todo/doing含义不同动词+todo（未发生/将来）+doing（已发生/正在做）remember记得要去做某事记得做过某事forget忘记要去做某事忘记曾经做过某事regret将要做，感到遗憾做过某事，感到后悔stop停下当前事，去做另一件停止正在做的事try努力、尽力去做尝试某种方法做goon做完一件，继续做另一件不间断继续做同一件事mean打算、计划做意味着例句对比Remembertoclosethewindow.（记得待会关窗，还没关）

Irememberclosingthewindow.（我记得之前关过窗）Heforgottoturnoffthelight.（忘了关灯，灯现在亮着）

Heforgotturningoffthelight.（不记得自己曾经关过灯）Stoptohavearest.（停下手里的活，去休息）

Stophavingarest.（别再休息了，继续干活）ItrytolearnEnglishwell.（我尽全力学好英语）

ItrylearningEnglishbylisteningtomusic.（我试着用听歌的方法学英语）【高频失分点】失分点一不定式漏写towant/decide/hope/agree/plan/learn/wish/choose/afford/refuse/promise/pretend后必须加todo，不可直接加动词原形。

误：Iwantgoshopping.

正：Iwanttogoshopping.失分点二被动语态省略to的不定式忘记还原to主动：Isawhimentertheroom.

被动：Hewasseentoentertheroom.

误：Hewasseenentertheroom.失分点三seesbdo/seesbdoing语境混淆全过程、动作结束用do；某一时刻动作正在发生用doing。Isawhimcrossthestreetandthenhedisappeared.（完整过程，cross）IsawhimcrossingthestreetwhenIwaswaitingforthebus.（当时正在过马路，crossing）失分点四介词后误用todolookforwardto/begoodat/beafraidof/beusedto/payattentionto/giveup/feellike/can’thelp，短语中to为介词，后接doing。

误：Ilookforwardtoseeyou.

正：Ilookforwardtoseeingyou.失分点五remember/forget/stop/try两类搭配语义混淆解题判断逻辑：动作是否已经完成。

误：Iremembertolockthedoor,butIcan’tfindthekey.（逻辑矛盾，门已经锁了，用doing）

正：Irememberlockingthedoor,butIcan’tfindthekey.失分点六区分usedtodo/beusedtodoing短语to属性含义例句usedtodo不定式符号过去常常（现在不）Iusedtogetuplate.beusedtodoing介词习惯于Iamusedtogettinguplate.误：Iusedtogettinguplate.

正：Iusedtogetuplate.【九年级衔接预览】九年级Module7Greatbooks：不定式作结果状语、动名词复合结构one’sdoing；

九年级Module8Myfuturelife：不定式定语、目的状语拓展。

九年级阅读与写作中非谓语动词出现频率大幅提升，复习重点：动词搭配、被动还原to、区分介词to与不定式to、疑问词+不定式。三级过关精练过关一・基础达标一、用所给动词的适当形式填空Shewants________(visit)theGreatWall.Ienjoy________(read)booksinmyfreetime.Hedecided________(study)abroadaftergraduation.Wouldyoumind________(close)thewindow?Sheisgoodat________(dance).Isawhim________(cross)thestreetwhenIwaswaitingforthebus.It’simportant________(learn)Englishwell.Hefinished________(write)thereportyesterday.Shepractices________(play)thepianoeveryday.Weplan________(travel)toShanghainextweek.二、单项选择Shehopes________totheparty.

A.come B.tocome C.coming D.cameIenjoy________intheriverinsummer.

A.swim B.toswim C.swimming D.swamTheteachertoldus________lateforschool.

A.nottobe B.notbe C.tonotbe D.don’tbeShewenttothelibrary________somebooks.

A.borrow B.toborrow C.borrowing D.borrowedIremember________thedoor,butI’mnotsure.

A.lock B.tolock C.locking D.lockedHeisusedto________upearly.

A.get B.getting C.gets D.gotIsawhim________thestreetwhenIwaswaitingforthebus.

A.cross B.tocross C.crossed D.crossingSheislookingforwardto________you.

A.see B.tosee C.seeing D.sawIt’skind________youtohelpme.

A.for B.with C.to D.ofHestopped________arestbecausehewastired.

A.tohave B.have C.having D.had过关二・能力提升三、用所给动词的适当形式填空Pleaseremember________(turn)offthelightwhenyouleave.Ican’thelp________(laugh)whenIseethefunnypicture.Shepretended________(be)asleepwhenhermothercamein.Weshouldavoid________(make)thesamemistake.Hewasmade________(work)12hoursaday.四、单项选择Shedecided________anewjob.

A.find B.tofind C.finding D.foundIenjoy________withmyfriendsonweekends.

A.chat B.tochat C.chatting D.chattedTheteacherencouragedus________hard.

A.study B.studied C.studying D.tostudyHewenttothestation________hisfriend.

A.meet B.tomeet C.meeting D.metIforgot________thewindow.It’sstillopen.

A.close B.closed C.closing D.tocloseSheisafraidof________inpublic.

A.speak B.tospeak C.speaking D.spokeIsawtheboy________theclassroomquietlywhentheteacherwaswritingontheblackboard.

A.enter B.toenter C.entering D.enteredIt’sdifficult________theproblemin5minutes.

A.solve B.tosolve C.solving D.solvedHetried________thedoor,butitwaslocked.

A.toopen B.open C.opening D.openedShelooksforwardto________youagain.

A.see B.seeing C.tosee D.saw过关三・综合突破五、短文填空：用括号内动词的不定式/动名词形式填空Lastsummer,Idecided________36(learn)howtoswim.Myfatherencouragedme________37(take)swimminglessons.Iwasafraidof________38(dive)intothewateratfirst,butmyteachertaughtme________39(relax)inthewater.Ipracticed________40(swim)everyday.Aftertwoweeks,Icouldswim50metreswithout________41(stop).Iremember________42(feel)veryproudwhenIswamacrossthepoolforthefirsttime.Myfatherpromised________43(take)metothebeachnextsummer.Ican’twait________44(go)there.Iamlookingforwardto________45(swim)inthesea.参考答案与解析过关一・基础达标一、动词适当形式填空tovisit（wanttodo固定搭配）reading（enjoydoing固定搭配）tostudy（decidetodo）closing（minddoing）dancing（at是介词，介词后doing）crossing（when引导过去进行时，强调当时动作正在发生，seesbdoing）tolearn（It’s+adj.+todo形式主语句型）writing