第三节　介词 高中英语

第三节介词考点1介词的用法类别介词用法表示时间at,in，on①at表示时间点；②in表示时间段，与表示较长一段时间的词搭配；③on表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些节日；也可表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上in,after两者后均可接时间段，表示“在……之后”，但“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用，“after＋时间段”常与过去时连用for,since，from①“for＋时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了一段时间；②“since＋时间点”强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间；③“from＋时间点”表示行为或状态的起始点before,bybefore与by都可表示“在……之前”，但by表示“不迟于某时”，包括某时在内表示方位on，above，over①on指在某物的表面上，其反义词是beneath；②above指离开物体表面而在其上方，不一定是垂直向上，其反义词是below；③over指离开物体表面而在其正上方，其反义词是under,over还可以表示“越过……”across，through，past，over，along，by，beside①across指从一平面上“横穿”或“在……对面”；②through指从人群或物体内部“穿过，贯穿”；③past表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物的旁边；④over表示从上方越过；⑤along表示“沿着”；⑥by与beside均表示“在……旁边”，by含有“倚，凭靠”的意思，beside指两者位置关系at,in，onat后接较小的地方或门牌号码；in后接较大的地方；on一般指与面或线接触in,on,to,offin表示在某一范围之内；on表示与某一地区“毗邻，接壤”；to表示在某范围之外；off表示“(时空上)离，距”Heclimbedoverthewall.他爬过了那堵墙。Infact,halfofthe6，000to7，000languagesspokenaroundtheworldtodaywilllikelydieoutbythenextcentury,accordingtotheUNESCO.据联合国教科文组织所说，事实上，目前全球范围内的六千至七千种语言中，有一半到下个世纪可能会消失。考点2常用介词短语类别搭配与介词in搭配的短语inaway在某种程度上；innoway没门；intheway挡住道路；invain徒劳；ingeneral通常，大体上；indetail详细地；inturn轮流地；inreturn作为回报“in＋名词＋of”短语inhonourof为纪念……；inchargeof负责，掌管；intermsof依据，就……而言；inpraiseof赞扬；infavourof支持，赞同；inneedof需要与介词at搭配的短语atnotime决不；atatime一次，每次；atonetime一度，曾经；attimes不时地，有时；atone’srequest应某人的要求；ataloss不知所措其他常考短语onbehalfof代表；bychance/accident偶然；afterall毕竟，别忘了；regardlessof不管，不顾；onthewhole总的来说；onthecontrary相反考点3“动词＋名词/代词＋介词”构成的短语1.用于“动词＋sb/sth＋of＋sth”短语的常见动词accuse控告cheat欺骗cure治愈inform通知remind使想起rob抢劫warn警告rid使摆脱suspect怀疑persuade说服convince使信服2.用于“动词＋sb/sth＋for＋sth”短语的常见动词blame责备criticize批评forgive原谅excuse原谅pardon原谅punish惩罚scold责备thank感谢praise赞扬respect尊重admire钦佩；赞赏3.用于“动词＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing)sth”短语的常见动词prevent阻止stop阻止keep阻止protect保护preserve保护；保存defend保卫ban禁止prohibit阻止；禁止shelter保护4.其他后跟介词的动词短语resultfrom由……造成，因……而产生resultin导致，结果是callat访问(某地)callon拜访(某人)callfor要求；需要addto增加endupwith以……结束fixone’seyeson注视givein(to)屈服；上交getridof免除；摆脱lookdownon/upon轻视；看不起makeuseof利用makefunof取笑runoutof用完takepridein因……而自豪takeon呈现；承担liveupto不辜负putforward提出putupwith忍受adaptto适应referto涉及；查阅；指的是comeacross(偶然)遇见pickup捡起；用车接(某人)；接收；偶然习得【解题指导】1.分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定填介词。然后再根据句意确定合适的介词。【典例】Weshouldtalkaboutthethingsthechildren’sunderstandinginasimpleway.答案beyond[句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。beyond“超出，为……所不能及”，符合句意。]2.牢记固定搭配(1)注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；(2)注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。【典例】Insomecases，differentapproachesthesamescientificproblemleadtoconflictingtheories.答案to[句意：在一些情形下，对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同，就会得出互相矛盾的推测。approachto“……的方法”，是固定搭配。]3.注意一词多义【典例】Youshouldflyyourkitethewind，oritcannotflyhigh.答案against[句意：你应该逆着风放风筝，否则它飞不高。against“逆着，迎着”，符合语境。]用适当的介词填空①Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.②Accordingtosatellitemonitoringresults,theincreaseofvegetationinChinaaccountedfor25percentoftheworld’stotalnewgreenery.③Morgansaysthatitistimethatpeoplestoppedstandingbyandrecordingontheirphoneswhentheyseesomeoneintrouble.④Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsaltatalowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.⑤Pleasedon’thesitatetoturntousforhelpwheneveryouhavetroublewithyourstudy.【综合演练】层级一模拟达标练1.(2023·武汉名校联考)Butatleast70%ofstarsintheuniversearereddwarfs,thetiniestandcoolestones(one)outthere.2.(2023·河南百所名校质量检测)Visitorsareabletoburythemselves(they)intheartandatmosphereherethroughtheirsensesofvision,hearing,smell,tasteandtouch.3.(2023·淄博一模)PhilippeWahl,presidentandchiefexecutiveofficerofLaPoste,saidthatthezodiac(生肖)isoneofthemostessentialpartsofChineseculture.4.(2023·泰安一模)InresponsetosupplyshortagesofBingDwenDwenproducts,theorganizershavecoordinatedwithmanufacturersandlicensedtoy-makingfactoriestoresumeworktoboostproduction.5.(2023·湖北八市高三3月联考)Thelectureisaneye-openerandIactuallyhavedevelopedanappreciationofthedevotionandhardworkittakestocreateart.6.(2023·巴蜀中学校模拟)Thenation’staikonautshavealreadybeenlivingandworkinginits(it)ownTiangongspacestation.7.(2023·福州一模)Thecombinationofmusicandstudyhaslongbeenasourceofdisagreementbetweenadultsandchildren.8.(2023·济南一模)ForHindus,Diwaliisatimeforcharitablegivingandselflessservice.9.(2023·辽宁实验中学一模)Iftheinjuredremainconscious,wecommunicatewiththeminEnglish.10.(2023·重庆西南大学附中一模)Theseghosttownsofferauniquelookintotherichhistoryofthepast.层级二高考真题练1.(2022·全国甲卷)Afriendofhis，WuFan，volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.2.(2022·全国甲卷)Heflew4，700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20.3.(2022·全国乙卷)May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay，whichwasnamedofficiallybytheUnitedNationsonNovember27th，2019.4.(2022·全国乙卷)Tocelebratethefestival，anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.5.(2022·全国乙卷)TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony，openingits(it)firstexhibition：TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.6.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giantpandasalsoserveasanumbrellaspecies(物种)，bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.7.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)CoveringanareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.8.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesinmine(I).Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanisamusttovisit!9.(2021·浙江6月卷)Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionofherself(she)，everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.10.(2021·全国甲卷)TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.ItwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).层级三语篇提能练The“Twenty-fourSolarTerms”istheChinesetraditionalwayofdividingandmarkingtime.Itshows1.relationshipbetweentheuniverse,seasons,climateandagriculture,whichisuniquelycreated2.Chineseancestors.TheTwenty-fourSolarTermsareimportantinstructionsfortheagriculturalproductionaswellaspeople’sdailylives.3.theinitialstageofagriculturaldevelopment,peoplebeg