【单元精练】Unit 2 单元易错综合练习-2022-2023学年高一英语必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（北师大2019）

Unit2单元易错综合练习（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共30分，略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThe2022WinterOlympic,alsoknownasBeijing2022,isscheduledtotakeplacefromFebruary4toFebruary20,2022,whichisintheChineseNewYearperiod.Beijing,thefirstcitytohostboththesummerandwinterOlympics,ispartneringwithZhangjiakoutohostthewintergames.DatesFebruary2-3:preliminarycompetitionsforicehockey,curling,andfreestyleskiingFebruary4:OpeningCeremonyFebruary4-20:events,competitions,andfinalsFebruary20:ClosingCeremonyEventsAtotalof109eventsaresettotakeplaceintheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.Sevenneweventshavebeenadded,includingskijumpingmixedteam,snowboardcrossmixedteamandshorttrackspeedskatingteamrelay.Forthefirsttime,afemaleathletespercentageofover45.44%toattendthewintergameshasbeenreached,makingBeijing2022probablythemostgender-balancedWinterOlympicstodate.TicketsOnSep.30,theInternationalOlympicCommitteeannouncedthatticketswillbesoldexclusivelytothoselivinginChina’smainland.Ticketbookinghasn’tyetstarted.AccordingtothereportsenttoIOC,therewouldbethreetypesoftickets,ticketsfortheopeningceremony,ticketsforeventscompetitions,andticketsfortheclosingceremony,costingfrom50to4,882CNYperticket.Thehighestticketpricesarefortheopeningandclosingceremonies,from732to4,882CNY.Ticketsforpopulareventsareabout149to1,464CNY,andticketsforgeneraleventsarearound50to490CNY.1．Howlongwillthe2022WinterOlympiclast?A．Itwilllastforover20days. B．Itwilllastforabouttwoweeks.C．Itwilllastforoveramonth. D．Itwilllastforabouttwomonths.2．HowmanyneweventswereaddedintheBeijing2022WinterOlympics?A．Sixnewevents. B．Eightnewevents. C．Sevennewevents. D．109newevents.3．Whocangetaticketaccordingtothetext?A．Thoselivinginoverseas. B．ThoselivinginChina’smainland.C．ThoselivinginUS. D．OnlyThoselivinginBeijing.BFootballis,Isuppose,themostpopulargameinEngland:onehasonlytogotooneoftheimportantmatchestoseethis.Richandpoor,youngandold,onecanseethemallthere,shoutingandcheeringforonesideortheother.OneofthemostsurprisingthingsaboutfootballinEnglandtoastrangeristhegreatknowledgeofthegamewhicheventhesmallestboyseemstohave.Hecantellyouthenamesoftheplayersinmostoftheimportantteams.Hehasphotographsofthemandknowstheresultsofalargenumberofmatches.Hewilltellyouwhoheexpectswillwin,andhisopinionisusuallyasvaluableasthatofmenthreeorfourtimeshisage.MostschoolsinEnglandtakefootballseriously—muchmoreseriouslythannearlyallEuropeanschools,wherelessonsareall-important,andgamesareleftforprivatearrangements.InEngland,itisbelievedthateducationisnotonlyamatteroffillingaboy’smindwithfactsinaclassroomeducationalsomeanscharactertraining.Oneofthebestwaysoftrainingcharacterisbymeansofgames,especiallyteamgames,wheretheboyhastolearntoworkwithothersforhisteam,insteadofworkingselfishlyforhimselfalone.Theschoolthereforearrangesgamesandmatchesforitspupils.Footballisagoodteamgame,itisgoodexerciseforthebody,itneedsskillandaquickbrain,itispopularanditischeap.Asaresult,itistheschool'sfavoritegameinthewinter.4．InEnglandfootballisagameenjoyed________.A．onlybyyoungpeople B．bypeopleofallagesandclassesC．onlybyboys D．onlybyrichpeople5．AstrangerinEnglandwillbesurprisedtofindthatinthatcountry________.A．peoplehavelittleknowledgeoffootball B．evensmallboysknowalotaboutfootballC．girlsaremoreinterestedinfootballthanboys D．childrenarenotinterestedinfootballatall6．ThereisagreatdifferencebetweenschoolsinEnglandandthoseinEuropeinthat________.A．EuropeanschoolstakefootballseriouslyB．schoolsinEnglandcarelittleaboutlessonsC．EuropeanschoolsoftenarrangefootballmatchesfortheirpupilsD．schoolsinEnglandbelievecharactertrainingtobepartofeducation7．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofthefootballgame?A．Itisnotexpensive. B．Itneedsteamwork.C．Itmakespeopleselfish. D．itisgoodexerciseforthebodyCClimbing,Ioncethought,wasaverymanlyactivity,butasIfoundmywayintothisactivity,Icametoseethatsomethingquitedifferenthappensontherock.Likewildswimming,rockclimbinginvolvesyouintothelandscape.Ontherock,Iamfullypresent.Eyespaycloseattention.earsarealert(警觉的),andhandsmoveacrossthesurface.Unlikewalking,whereIcouldhappilywanderaboutabsent-mindedly,inclimbing,attentiveobservationisessential.AsanartsstudentstudyingEnglishliterature,Idiscoveredanewtypeofreadingfromoutdoorclimbing.Goingoutontothecrags(悬崖),Isawhowyoucanlearntoreadtherocksanddevelopavocabularyofphysicalmovements.Goodclimbersknewhowtomaptheirbodiesontothestone.Watchingthem,Iwantedtopossessthatskillfullanguage.MyleaphappenedwhenIworkedfortheCairngormsNationalParkAuthority.GuidingmyexplorationsintothisstrangenewlandscapewasNanShepherd.Unlikethegoal-directedmindsetofmanymountaineers,sheisnotconcernedwithpeaksorpersonalbeats.ShepherdseesthemountainasatotalenvironmentandshecelebratestheCaingormsasaplacealivewithplants,rocks,animalsandelements.Throughhergenerousspiritandmyownwanderings,Isawthatrockclimbingneednotbeaprocessoftestingyourselfagainstanything.Rather,theintensityoffocuscouldreleaseyouintoanotherwayofbeing.Spendingsomuchtimeinhighandstonyplaceshaschangedmyviewontheworldandourplaceinit.Ihavecomeintophysicalcontactwithprocessesthatgowaybeyondtheeveryday.Workingwithgravity,geology(地质学),rhythmsofweatheranddeeptime,Igainanactualrelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesattheheartofmypassionforrockclimbing.Ireturntotherocks,becausethisiswhereIfeelintouch—withourland.8．Whydoestheauthorlikeclimbing?A．Itchallengeshertocompetewithmen.B．Irallowsherauriqueattitudetowardrock.C．Itteachesherhowtopossessanewlanguage.D．Itmakesherfeelconnectedwiththeworld.9．Whatdoesthewriterfindimportantinclimbing?A．Balance. B．Concentration. C．Determination. D．Curiosity.10．WhatdoesthewriterlearnfromNanShepherd?A．Climbinggoestogetherwithnature.B．Everymountaintopiswithinreach.C．Thebestclimberistheonehavingfun.D．Youcannotachievehighunlessyouchange.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagrap5referto?A．Time. B．Contact. C．Theworld. D．Myview.DBarbara,70,andme,at71,haveswumtogetherforatleast50years.Weswiminaquietcove(小海湾).It’shometoseagulls,aduckortwo,andkayaks(独木舟)onoccasion.Thedifficultsummerdroughtof2021broughtaburningsunthatwarmedthewater.AsthedroughteasedandthewatercooledinlateAugust,wedecidedtokeepswimming.WehavebothreadBonnieTsui’sWhyWeSwim,afinebookaboutcold-waterswimming.WechallengedourselvestoswimforaslongaspossiblethroughSeptemberandintoOctober.Ihavelonglovedswimming,thoughthefearofbeingseenasfathasdoggedme.Iamoneofthosefemalebodiespoorlydisplayedinbathingsuits.Cold-waterswimmingdeepenedmysenseofwell-beingandletmeusemybody.ItbecamearitualBarbaraandIembracedasswimmingsisters.WhenshereturnedtotheUnitedStatesimmediatelyafterourCanadianThanksgiving,IdidnotknowhowIcouldcontinueourcold-watertradition.Iwasn’tpreparedtofreezealone.But,Ihadtoswim;therewerelargercommitmentsIshouldstickto.Inthesummer,weplannedtocrossfromthecovetoanislandacrossthelake.Ihadtostayfit.Wealsoplannedtohostacold-waterswimmingraceforlocalsinthefall.Wewouldmakeitanannualevent,improvingourstrengthandendurance(耐力)sothat,inour80s,wemightswimthroughOctoberandintoNovember.Withtheseplansinmind,Ijoinedmylocalcitypool.Ihadnotbeeninapublicpoolforabout30years.Butmybodysaidswim,mybrainsaidswimandmyheart,couldnotletgo.SoIwentanyway.Iamswimming.Iamalivetomyloveofthewater,alivetomypromiseforthespringandthesummerthatwillcome.IintendtostepbackintothelakeinMay,andthroughSeptemberandOctoberwithBarbara.Weareperfectlymatchedinourdevotion,andincreasinglyawareofthemiracleofbeingable-bodiedenoughtosharethecold-waterwondersidebyside.12．WhywasthebookWhyWeSwimmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．Itguidedtheauthortolearntoswim.B．Itanalyzestheadvantagesofswimming.C．Itistheauthor’sfavoritebookaboutswimming.D．ItpartlycontributedtotheauthorandBarbara’scommoninterest.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“commitments”probablymeaninparagraph3?A．Promises. B．Preparations. C．Requirements. D．Opportunities.14．Whateffortdidtheauthormaketoachievehergoals?A．Shewenttoagymtoimproveherstrength.B．Shebecameamemberofthelocalpublicpool.C．Sheswamacrossthelaketotheislandonherown.D．Sheparticipatedinalocalcold-waterswimmingrace.15．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?A．TodescribeherfriendshipwithBarbara.B．Toexpressherpassionforcold-waterswimming.C．Torecommendpeopletogoswimmingtokeepfit.D．Toexplainhowsheovercameherfearofswimminginpublicplaces.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thereasonsskiersandsnowboardersweargogglesorglassesmightseemalittleobvious,especiallyifyou’veeverhittheslopesyourself.Sunlightreflectedoffthesnowcanmakeithardtosee,andUVrayscanevendamageyoureyesight.Specialcoloredlensesalsocreatecontrast,soyourwholepathwon’tlooklikeoneflatexpanseofwhiteness.____16____Olympicspeedskaters,meanwhile,areracinginsideonsmoothice.____17____AccordingtoNBCOlympics,glassescanincreasevisibilityonindoortracks,too.____18____Andwhiletheicemaylooksmoothfromadistance,thosesharpbladescankickupicechipsthatcouldposeproblemsiftheyendupinyoureyes.Intheeventofacrash,shatter-proofglassesalsoprotectskaters’eyesfromerrantbladesandbodyparts.____19____Shot-trackspeedskaters(whoracearoundaroughly11-metertrack)cangoasfastas30milesperhourormore,andlong-trackspeedskaters(whosetrackis400meterslong)sometimeshitabout35milesperhour.Thewindresistancegeneratedbysuchspeed-inachillyarena—isenoughtomakeanyskater’seyesstartstreamingwithtears.Pictureleaningyourheadoutthewindowofacarthat’sgoingaround35milesperhouronacoldday:You’dprobablywanttobewearingglasses,too.Thatsaid,glassesaren’tarequirement.____20____Belgium’sStijnDesmet,forexample,hasracedinBeijing2022OlympicWinterGameswithouteyewear,ashasChina’sZhangChutong.A．Howdotheywearglasses?B．Sowhydotheywearglasses?C．Someskiersareafraidofthesunlight.D．Someskaters’lensesaretintedtohelpwiththat.E．You’lloccasionallyseespeedskaterswithuncoveredvisages.F．Nottomentionthateyewearshieldsyoureyesfromanysnowyoudisplace.G．Butthebiggestreasonspeedskatersoptforeyewearjustmightbetheirspeed.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirownefforts.Ilearnedthislessonfroma(n)___21___manyyearsago.Itooktheheadcoaching(教练)jobataschoolinBaxley,Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool’soldteamtoplayagainstthenewteamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticeto___22___thegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.Icouldn’t___23___Ihadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardaboutit,Icameto___24___thatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere___25___me.Ihadtochangemy___26___abouttheirabilityandpotential.IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittlepride.Mostimportant,Ibegantotreatthemlikewinners.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheir___27___,wemeteverydayand___28___passingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferingour___29___onthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond,andcontinuedto____30____.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea____31____forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest____32____ofmylife!FromtheexperienceIlearntalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercan____33____themembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand____34____them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves____35____,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.Winnersaremade,butnotborn.21．A．experiment B．experience C．visit D．show22．A．cheerfor B．finishwith C．helpwith D．preparefor23．A．believe B．agree C．describe D．regret24．A．realize B．reserve C．permit D．demand25．A．reactingto B．lookingfor C．dependingon D．caringabout26．A．decision B．conclusion C．attitude D．intention27．A．rewards B．vacations C．health D．honor28．A．risked B．missed C．considered D．practiced29．A．defeat B．fault C．accident D．mistake30．A．relax B．improve C．expand D．defend31．A．shame B．burden C．victory D．favor32．A．chances B．thrills C．concerns D．offers33．A．surprise B．serve C．interest D．affect34．A．protected B．observed C．encouraged D．impressed35．A．differently B．individually C．calmly D．honestly第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Idislikeddoingexercise.IfelttiredwhenIdidanykindofexercise.Myparentswerereally____36____(worry)aboutmyhealth.Oneday,afterhavingsupper,myfather____37____(come)andaskedmetohaveawalkwithhiminthepark.Iagreedandwewent____38____together.Itwashardformetowalkforhalfanhour.Iwantedtogiveup,____39____myfatherencouragedmetokeeponwalking.Fromthenon.Iwasoftenaskedtowalkwithmyparents.Tomysurprise,Icouldwalkforanhourinthe____40____(five)month.How____41____(pride)Ifelt!Ilovedtakingexercisegradually.NowIam____42____excellentrunnerinmyschool.Itakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingeveryyear.Duringallourlife,wemayfacealotof____43____(difficulty).Don’tbeafraidof____44____(they).Pleasetrytofacethem_____45_____(brave).Afteryouovercomewhatyouusedtobeafraidof,youmayfindhowgreatyouare!第四部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．作为双奥之城，北京成功举办了夏季奥运会与冬季奥运会，这让世界深刻认识了北京，也让全民运动的热情进一步高涨。假如你是李华，学校英语角举行以“MyFavoriteSport”为题的征文活动。请你根据以下要点，写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：1.介绍你喜欢的运动项目;2.喜欢这一运动项目的理由;3.做运动时要注意的事项。注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;2.词数：不少于80词。MyFavoriteSport__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Mr.Tai,theteacherinchargeofsportsatSarasotaHighSchoolinFlorida,hadjustcelebratedhis58thbirthday—anageatwhichmanywouldthinkseriouslyofretiring(退休).However,itwasnotsowithMr.Tai.Hehadanoutstandingrecordofathleticachievementsinleadingtheschool’ssportsteam.Someofthestudentshehadtrainedhadbecomenationalrunners.TheschoolboardagreedhecontinuedtoworkastheydidnotwanttolosetheservicesofsomeonewhohadsuccessfullyledtheschoolsportsteamtothefinalsoftheNationalAthleticsChampionships.Intheyearbefore,however,theschoolteamdidnotgetasmanymedalsintheNationalAthleticsChampionshipsasexpected.Mr.Tai’shopeswerefiredthisyearbytwopromisingstarathletes,FaridandHassan,whohappenedtobetwins.Intheschool’ssportsmeeting,Faridbroketheschool’stwenty-yearrecordforthe100metersevent.Hisbrother,Hassan,wasjustasecondbehind.SinceHassanhadanankle(踝关节)injury,Mr.Taidecidedtosubmit(提交)onlyFarid’snametothefinalsoftheNationalAthleticsChampionships.Onthedayhesubmittedtheresultsofthebestrunnerintheschool,hemistakenlywroteHassan’snameinstead,withoutnoticingit.WhenMr.Taireceivedthelistofthefinalists(参加决赛者)inevent,hewasquitesurprisedandimmediatelyherealizedthathehadmadethemistake.However,itwastoolatetoinformthesportssecretariat(秘书处).Apartfromthat,pridealsodidnotallowhimtoadmithismistakeatthatmoment.Therefore,HedecidedtoinformFarid’sbrother,Hassan,andstarttotrainhiminthefinalpreparationsforthisevent.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右：2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Hearingthathewasnotafinalist,Faridcouldnotbelievehisears.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unluckily,Hassanlosttherace.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．B2．C3．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2022年北京冬奥会的日程、比赛项目和票务等相关信息。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The2022WinterOlympic,alsoknownasBeijing2022,isscheduledtotakeplacefromFebruary4toFebruary20,2022(2022年冬奥会，也被称为北京2022，定于2022年2月4日至2月20日举行)”可知，2022年冬奥会在2月4日至2月20日举行，持续大约两周。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据Events部分“Sevenneweventshavebeenadded(新增了7个项目)”可知，北京2022年冬奥会增加了7个新项目。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据Tickets部分“OnSep.30,theInternationalOlympicCommitteeannouncedthatticketswillbesoldexclusivelytothoselivinginChina’smainland.(9月30日，国际奥委会宣布，门票将只出售给中国大陆的居民)”可知，只有生活在中国大陆的人能买到门票。故选B项。4．B5．B6．D7．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在英国，足球是所有年龄和阶层的人都喜欢的运动。在英国，即使是最小的男孩似乎也对足球有着渊博的知识。在英国，人们认为教育不仅仅是在课堂上用事实填满男孩的头脑，教育还意味着性格的培养。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Richandpoor,youngandold,onecanseethemallthere,shoutingandcheeringforonesideortheother.(富人和穷人，年轻人和老人，都可以看到他们在那里，为一方或另一方呐喊喝彩)”可知，在英国，足球是所有年龄和阶层的人都喜欢的运动。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“OneofthemostsurprisingthingsaboutfootballinEnglandtoastrangeristhegreatknowledgeofthegamewhicheventhesmallestboyseemstohave.(对于一个陌生人来说，英格兰足球最令人惊讶的事情之一是，即使是最小的男孩似乎也对足球有着渊博的知识)”可知，英国的陌生人会惊讶地发现，在英国，连小男孩都很懂足球。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“MostschoolsinEnglandtakefootballseriously—muchmoreseriouslythannearlyallEuropeanschools,wherelessonsareall-important,andgamesareleftforprivatearrangements.InEngland,itisbelievedthateducationisnotonlyamatteroffillingaboy’smindwithfactsinaclassroomeducationalsomeanscharactertraining.(英国的大多数学校都很重视足球，比几乎所有欧洲学校都要认真得多，因为欧洲学校的课程非常重要，比赛由私人安排。在英国，人们认为教育不仅仅是在课堂上用事实填满男孩的头脑，教育还意味着性格的培养)”可知，英国的学校与欧洲的学校有很大的不同，因为英国的学校认为性格训练是教育的一部分。故选D。7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Oneofthebestwaysoftrainingcharacterisbymeansofgames,especiallyteamgames,wheretheboyhastolearntoworkwithothersforhisteam,insteadofworkingselfishlyforhimselfalone.(训练性格的最佳方式之一是通过比赛，尤其是团队比赛，在比赛中，男孩必须学会为团队与他人合作，而不是自私地为自己工作)”可知，关于足球比赛的说法中，C选项“它让人自私”不正确。故选C。8．D9．B10．A11．C【导语】这是一篇议论文，作者喜欢爬山，文章讲述了作者对爬山的理解及从爬山得到的感悟。8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Workingwithgravity,geology(地质学),rhythmsofweatheranddeeptime,Igainanactualrelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesattheheartofmypassionforrockclimbing.(通过研究重力、地质、天气节奏和深层时间，我获得了与地球的真实关系。这种联系正是我对攀岩的热情所在)”可知，作者喜欢爬山是因为爬山可以与世界产生联系。故选D项。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中中“Ontherock,Iamfullypresent.Eyespaycloseattention,earsarealert(警觉的),andhandsmoveacrossthesurface.Unlikewalking,whereIcouldhappilywanderaboutabsent-mindedly,inclimbing,attentiveobservationisessential.(在岩石上，我完全存在于这里。眼睛密切关注，耳朵警觉，手在水面上移动。不像散步，我可以愉快地心不在焉地漫步，在爬山时，全神贯注的观察是必不可少的)”可知，作者发现爬山时专注很重要。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“ShepherdseesthemountainasatotalenvironmentandshecelebratestheCaingormsasaplacealivewithplants,rocks,animalsand.elements.(Shepherd把这座山视为一个完整的环境，她赞美Caingorms是一个充满了植物，岩石，动物和各种元素的地方)”可知，作者从Shepherd身上学到爬山是与大自然融为一体。故选A项。11．指代猜测题。根据最后一段首句“Spendingsomuchtimeinhighandstonyplaceshaschangedmyviewontheworldandourplaceinit.(在高处多石的地方呆了这么长时间，改变了我对世界和我们在其中的地位的看法)”可知，此处指作者通过爬山改变了对世界和自身在世界中的地位的看法，it指代前文的“世界”。故选C项。12．D13．A14．B15．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和好友Barbara热爱游泳，已经共同游泳50多年的事。12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Barbara,70,andme,at71,haveswumtogetherforatleast50years.”（70岁的芭芭拉和71岁的我已经一起游泳至少50年了。）以及“AsthedroughteasedandthewatercooledinlateAugust,wedecidedtokeepswimming.WehavebothreadBonnieTsui’sWhyWeSwim,afinebookaboutcold-waterswimming.WechallengedourselvestoswimforaslongaspossiblethroughSeptemberandintoOctober.”（8月下旬，旱情缓解，海水冷却，我们决定继续游泳。我们都读过BonnieTsui的《为什么我们游泳》这本关于冷水游泳的好书。我们挑战自己，游尽可能长的时间，从9月一直游到10月。）可知，这本书是一本有关冷水游泳的好书，它促成了作者和好友芭芭拉一起游泳多年的共同兴趣。故选D项。13．词句猜测题。根据后文“Inthesummer,weplannedtocrossfromthecovetoanislandacrossthelake.Ihadtostayfit.Wealsoplannedtohostacold-waterswimmingraceforlocalsinthefall.Wewouldmakeitanannualevent,improvingourstrengthandendurance(耐力)sothat,inour80s,wemightswimthroughOctoberandintoNovember.”（在夏天，我们计划从海湾游到湖对面的一个岛屿。我必须保持健康。我们还计划在秋天为当地人举办一场冷水游泳比赛。我们会把它变成一年一度的活动，提高我们的力量和耐力。这样，在我们80多岁的时候，我们可能会游过10月，一直游到11月。）可知，本段列举了作者和好友芭芭拉为了热爱的游泳计划做很多事情来保持健康，提升当地人对游泳的热爱。所以，此处“commitments”的意思和A项“promise”（决心，承诺）意思相近。故选A项。14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Withtheseplansinmind,Ijoinedmylocalcitypool.”（考虑到这些计划，我去了当地的城市游泳池练习。）可知，作者为了实现自己的目标，去了当地的游泳馆去练习。故选B项。15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Iamswimming.Iamalivetomyloveofthewater,alivetomypromiseforthespringandthesummerthatwillcome.”（我游泳。我为我对水的爱而充满生机，为我对春天和夏天即将到来的承诺而充满生机。）以及上文在描述作者对于冷水游泳的热爱。所以，这篇文章主要是为了叙述作者对于冷水游泳的热爱。故选B项。16．F17．B18．D19．G20．E【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么速滑运动员要佩戴眼镜的问题。16．根据上文“Thereasonsskiersandsnowboardersweargogglesorglassesmightseemalittleobvious,especiallyifyou’veeverhittheslopesyourself.Sunlightreflectedoffthesnowcanmakeithardtosee,andUVrayscanevendamageyoureyesight.Specialcoloredlensesalsocreatecontrast,soyourwholepathwon’tlooklikeoneflatexpanseofwhiteness.(如果你自己也玩过滑雪，滑雪和滑板运动员戴眼镜的原因应该是显而易见的。雪面上反射的阳光会让你睁不开眼，强烈的紫外线甚至可能损害你的视力。此外，特殊的有色眼镜会让你眼中看到的颜色出现反差，整个雪道不会看起来一片白茫茫)”可知，上文提到了有色眼镜的作用，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明有色眼镜的作用。故F选项“更不用说眼镜可以帮你遮风挡雪，防止运动过程中飞溅起的雪跑进你的眼睛里了”符合语境，故选F。17．根据上文“Olympicspeedskaters,meanwhile,areracinginsideonsmoothice.(然而，奥运会的速滑选手是在室内的平滑冰面上比赛的)”可知，上文提到了室内的速滑选手也要佩戴眼镜，且下一段中进行了解释，可知本句为过渡句，提出他们为什么要佩戴眼镜的问题。故B选项“为什么他们也要佩戴眼镜呢？”符合语境，故选B。18．根据上文“AccordingtoNBCOlympics,glassescanincreasevisibilityonindoortracks,too.(据NBC奥运频道报道，佩戴眼镜也可以增强在室内冰场的可视性)”可知，上文提到了佩戴眼镜也可以增强在室内冰场的可视性，故本句继续解释上文，戴眼镜是为了看得更清楚。故D选项“为了看得更清楚，一些速滑选手佩戴的还是有色眼镜”符合语境，故选D。19．根据后文“Shot-trackspeedskaters(whoracearoundaroughly11-metertrack)cangoasfastas30milesperhourormore,andlong-trackspeedskaters(whosetrackis400meterslong)sometimeshitabout35milesperhour.Thewindresistancegeneratedbysuchspeed-inachillyarena—isenoughtomakeanyskater’seyesstartstreamingwithtears.Pictureleaningyourheadoutthewindowofacarthat’sgoingaround35milesperhouronacoldday:You’dprobablywanttobewearingglasses,too.(短道速滑（冰道周长约为111米）选手时速可达30英里（48千米）甚至更高，而速度滑冰（冰道周长为400米）选手时速可达近35英里。在寒冷的场馆内，这样的速度产生的强大风阻足以把运动员的眼睛冻到眼泪汪汪。想象一下大冷天里在一辆行驶时速35英里的汽车内，如果你要把头伸出车窗外，你应该也想戴一副眼镜)”可知，本段的主旨主要是说明佩戴眼镜主要跟速滑时速度过快，风阻过强，所以需要戴眼镜来保护眼睛有关。故G选项“但是速滑选手选择佩戴眼镜最主要的原因可能是与速度有关”符合语境，故选G。20．根据上文“Thatsaid,glassesaren’tarequirement.(尽管如此，速滑比赛并不强制选手佩戴眼镜)”以及后文“Belgium’sStijnDesmet,forexample,hasracedinBeijing2022OlympicWinterGameswithouteyewear,ashasChina’sZhangChutong.(举个例子，比利时选手斯泰恩·德梅和中国选手张楚桐在北京冬奥会上就没有佩戴眼镜)”可知，后文的例子说明了也有选手不佩戴眼镜的情况，故E选项“所以你偶尔也会看到不戴眼镜的速滑选手”符合语境，故选E。21．B22．D23．A24．A25．C26．C27．B28．D29．A30．B31．C32．B33．D34．C35．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的老队。作者开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的战胜州里最强的对手。从这次经历中，作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能使自己成为成功者。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从多年前的一次经历中学到了这个教训。A.experiment实验；B.experience经历；C.visit参观；D.show展示。根据句中“manyyearsago”和后文内容可知，作者是从过去的经历中得到的教训。故选B项。22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：老队没有教练，他们甚至没有训练准备比赛。A.cheerfor为……欢呼；B.finishwith和……断绝关系；C.helpwith帮助某人做……；D.preparefor为……准备。根据上文“Theoldteamhadnocoach,”可推知，因为没有教练，所以他们甚至没有通过练习来准备比赛。故选D项。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真不敢相信我竟然陷入这样的境地。A.believe相信；B.agree同意；C.describe描述；D.regret后悔。根据上文“buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.”可知，作者不相信自己的队伍会输给一只没训练和准备的老队，不相信自己会遇到这样的情况。故选A项。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：仔细想了想，我意识到我的球队可能不是乔治亚州的第一球队，但他们依靠的是我。A.realize意识到；B.reserve预订；C.permit允许；D.demand要求。根据句中“Thinkinghardaboutit”和“myteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere5me.”可知，作者经过仔细思考有了新的认识，cometorealize是固定短语，意为“开始意识到”。故选A项。25．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：仔细想了想，我意识到我的球队可能不是乔治亚州的第一球队，但他们依靠的是我。A.reactingto作出反应；B.lookingfor寻找；C.dependingon依靠；D.caringabout关心。根据上文可知，作者是球队的教练，所以球队要依靠他。故选C项。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不得不改变我对他们能力和潜力的态度。A.decision决定；B.conclusion结论；C.attitude态度；D.intention意图。根据上文“Thinkinghardaboutit”和下一段中“IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittlepride.Mostimportant,Ibegantotreatthemlikewinners.(我开始尽我所能帮助他们建立一点自豪感。最重要的是，我开始把他们当成赢家)”可知，作者改变了对队员们能力和潜力的态度，呼应下文“theattitudeoftheleader”。故选C项。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那年夏天，当其他球队享受假期时，我们每天见面，练习传球和踢足球。A.rewards奖励；B.vacations假期；C.health健康；D.honor荣誉。根据句中“Thatsummer”和“enjoyed”可知，其它队在享受假期。故选B项。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那年夏天，当其他球队享受假期时，我们每天见面，练习传球和踢足球。A.risked冒险；B.missed错过；C.considered考虑；D.practiced练习。根据下文“passingandkickingthefootball”可知，作者和队员们在练习。故选D项。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在春季训练场受挫六个月后，我们赢得了第一场和第二场比赛，并且继续进步。A.defeat打败；B.fault过错；C.accident事故；