《跨境商务数据分析与应用》课件-供应链数据分析-双语

供应链数据分析SupplyChainDataAnalysis主讲教师：XXX日期：2024.01.01目

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CONTENT0102采购数据分析Procurementdataanalysis仓储数据分析Warehousedataanalysis跨境电子商务专业Cross-BorderE-CommerceMajor01物流数据分析Logisticsdataanalysis01采购数据分析Procurementdataanalysis跨境电子商务专业Cross-BorderE-CommerceMajor供应链数据分析SupplyChainDataAnalysisA采购数据分析ProcurementDataAnalysisB仓储数据分析WarehousingDataAnalysisC物流数据分析LogisticsDataAnalysis什么是供应链WhatisaSupplyChain供应链是指围绕核心企业，从配套零件开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的生产、交易全链条。供应链是一个链状结构，涵盖了从供应商到客户之间有关最终产品和服务的一切业务活动。Asupplychainisachain-likestructurecenteredaroundacoreenterprise,startingfromcomponentparts,throughintermediateandfinalproducts,andfinallydeliveringproductstoconsumersviathesalesnetwork.Itencompassesallbusinessactivitiesrelatedtofinalproductsandservicesbetweensuppliersandcustomers.采购数据分析ProcurementDataAnalysis分析步骤：AnalysisSteps:对过去的销量进行数据统计，得出以SKU为颗粒度的销量统计表。CompilehistoricalsalesdatatoproduceSKU-levelsalesstatistics.分别对日常销量和活动销量进行预判，得出需求预测。Forecastbothregularsalesandpromotionalsalestoderivedemandpredictions.基于时间维度进行需求预测汇总。Aggregatedemandforecastsbasedontimedimensions.结合市场和销售策略，定期对所有需求进行符合事实的更新。Regularlyupdatealldemandforecastsbasedonmarketconditionsandsalesstrategies.采购数据分析是优化供应链和采购决策的核心，具有极其重要的战略意义，采购数据分析主要包括采购需求计划分析、采购成本数据分析和采购策略分析。Procurementdataanalysisiscentraltooptimizingsupplychainsandpurchasingdecisions,carryingsignificantstrategicimportance.Itprimarilyincludesdemandplanninganalysis,procurementcostanalysis,andprocurementstrategyanalysis.1.采购需求计划分析1.ProcurementDemandPlanningAnalysis在供应链领域，可以将需求定义为“销售需求”，需求计划也可以称为“销售预测”。采购需求计划分析是基于实际销售数据，对未来的销售预测进行评估。Inthesupplychainsector,demandcanbedefinedas"salesdemand",anddemandplanningmayalsobereferredtoas"salesforecasting".Theanalysisofprocurementdemandplanningevaluatesfuturesalesforecastsbasedonactualsalesdata.采购数据分析ProcurementDataAnalysis作为跨境电商经营者，想要获得更多的利润，就必须考虑前期的资金投入。其中，占比较大的是产品采购成本，通过对其进行相应的分析，可以得出科学的依据，以制定或采取措施对采购成本进行有效控制。Ascross-bordere-commerceoperators,maximizingprofitsrequirescarefulconsiderationofupfrontcapitalinvestment.Productprocurementcostsrepresentasignificantportion,andanalyzingthemprovidesascientificbasisfordevelopingmeasurestoeffectivelycontrolprocurementcosts.在进行商品采购时，商品的价格会受到各种因素的影响，如交通、气候等，可以选择在商品价格走低时进行大量采购，以节省成本，赚取更大差价，从而获得更多利润。Commoditypurchasepricesareaffectedbyvariousfactorssuchastransportationconditionsandweather.Enterprisesmayplacebulkorderswhencommoditypricesdeclinetocutcosts,securewiderpricespreadsandboostoverallprofits.A.采购成本走势分析A.ProcurementCostTrendAnalysis2.采购成本数据分析2.ProcurementCostDataAnalysis采购数据分析ProcurementDataAnalysisB.不同渠道采购成本分析B.Multi-ChannelProcurementCostAnalysis店铺产品的供货商，不一定完全来自同一家，有时甚至来自多家，这不仅是为了降低主要供货源的中断风险，同时也建立起竞争优势，达到降低采购成本的目的。如果多家供应商都可以提供商品，就可以根据已采购商品的价格数据来判定哪家供应商的进货成本更加低廉，从而进行相关取舍。Astore'ssuppliersmaynotallcomefromthesamesourceandsometimescomefrommultiplesources.Thisnotonlyreducestheriskofprimarysupplydisruptionbutalsobuildscompetitiveadvantagetolowerprocurementcosts.Ifmultiplesupplierscanprovidethesamegoods,pricedatafrompastpurchasescandeterminewhichsupplierofferslowerprocurementcosts,enablinginformedsourcingdecisions.

商品采购价格变动是常有的事情，怎样在变动的采购单价中获取最佳采购时机，较大程度降低投人成本，是很多卖家都希望掌握的方法和技能，因为这样可以让自己处于更有利的地位，无论是搞促销还是让利活动，都有发挥的空间，同时还能有不错的利润。Procurementpricefluctuationsarecommon.Knowinghowtoidentifytheoptimalprocurementtimingamidchangingunitpricestosignificantlyreduceinvestmentcostsisaskillmanysellersaspiretomaster.Thispositionsthemmorefavorably,providingflexibilityforpromotionsanddiscountcampaignswhilemaintaininghealthyprofitmargins.采购数据分析ProcurementDataAnalysisC.商品采购价格分析C.ProductProcurementPriceAnalysis采购数据分析ProcurementDataAnalysisA.自制还是外包A.In-Housevs.Outsourcing企业最重要的采购决策是在企业内部完成任务还是外包给第三方执行供应链功能。这项决策部分受它对供应链总利润影响的驱动。如果供应链总利润大幅增长且没有额外风险，则最好选择外包。Themostimportantprocurementdecisionforabusinessiswhethertocompletetasksinternallyoroutsourcesupplychainfunctionstothirdparties.Thisdecisionispartiallydrivenbyitsimpactontotalsupplychainprofitability.Iftotalsupplychainprofitscanincreasesignificantlywithoutadditionalrisk,outsourcingisthebetterchoice.A.采购成本走势分析A.ProcurementCostTrendAnalysis在选择供应商之前，企业必须选择是采用单一供货源还是多方供货源。确定好供应商的数量后，再确定评价供应商和选择供应商的标准。供应商的选择机制有很多种，包括线下竞标、反向拍卖和直接谈判，无论采用哪种方法都要以选择供应商的总成本而不是单一价格作为评判标准。Beforeselectingsuppliers,businessesmustdecidebetweensinglesourcingandmultiplesourcing.Oncethenumberofsuppliersisdetermined,criteriaforevaluatingandselectingsuppliersmustbeestablished.Supplierselectionmechanismsincludeofflinebidding,reverseauctions,anddirectnegotiations.Regardlessofthemethodused,thetotalcostofsupplierselection—notjustunitprice—shouldserveastheevaluationcriterion.采购策略分析的目的是了解目前采购策略所处的状态，并根据状态调整优化，以更好的适应企业的业务需求，最终达到最佳供应链总利润的规模。Thepurposeofprocurementstrategyanalysisistounderstandthecurrentstateofprocurementstrategiesandadjustandoptimizethemtobettermeetbusinessneeds,ultimatelyachievingoptimaltotalsupplychainprofitability.2.采购策略分析2.ProcurementStrategyAnalysis供货是供应链获得物品和服务的过程。管理者必须根据不断增加供应链盈合的目标设计供货。举例来说，企业应该建立直接材料供货机制，确保供应商与买主之间的良好协调。Sourcingistheprocessbywhichthesupplychainacquiresgoodsandservices.Managersmustdesignsourcingstrategiesalignedwiththegoalofcontinuouslyincreasingsupplychainprofitability.Forexample,businessesshouldestablishdirectmaterialsourcingmechanismstoensuregoodcoordinationbetweensuppliersandbuyers.采购决策直接影响产品销售成本和应付账款。采购绩效也影响着质量、库存及内向运输成本。管理者应该审核以下影响供应链绩效与采购的相关指标，如应付账款周转天数、平均购买价格、平均购买数量、供应质量和准时交货比例等。Procurementdecisionsdirectlyimpactproductcostofgoodssoldandaccountspayable.Procurementperformancealsoaffectsquality,inventory,andinboundtransportationcosts.Managersshouldreviewthefollowingprocurement-relatedmetricsthatimpactsupplychainperformance:accountspayableturnoverdays,averagepurchaseprice,averagepurchasequantity,supplyquality,andon-timedeliveryrate.3.供货3.Sourcing采购数据分析ProcurementDataAnalysis4.与采购相关的指标4.Procurement-RelatedMetrics02仓储数据分析Warehousedataanalysis跨境电子商务专业Cross-BorderE-CommerceMajor

供应链中库存的存在是为了解决供给与需求之间的不匹配，库存影响供应链持有的资产、所发生的成本，以及提供的响应性。高水平的库存会降低和运输成本，但增加了库存成本；低水平的库存会提高库存周转率，但供不应求会降低响应性。Inventoryexistsinthesupplychaintoresolvemismatchesbetweensupplyanddemand.Inventoryaffectstheassetsheldbythesupplychain,thecostsincurred,andtheresponsivenessprovided.Highinventorylevelsreducetransportationcostsbutincreaseholdingcosts;lowinventorylevelsimproveinventoryturnoverbutreduceresponsivenesswhendemandexceedssupply.仓储数据分析WarehousingDataAnalysis

仓储数据分析的意义不仅在于核对产品数量的对错，而且在于通过数据分析了解产品库存的情况，从而判断库存产品结构是否完整，产品数量是否适中，以及库存是否处于健康水平，是否存在经济损失的风险。Thesignificanceofwarehousingdataanalysisliesnotonlyinverifyingproductquantitiesbutalsoinunderstandinginventoryconditionsthroughdataanalysistodeterminewhetherinventoryproductstructureiscomplete,whetherproductquantitiesareappropriate,andwhetherinventoryisatahealthylevelwithoutriskofeconomicloss.仓储数据分析WarehousingDataAnalysis仓储Warehousing分析Analysis库存结构分析InventoryStructureAnalysis库存数量分析InventoryQuantityAnalysis库存健康度分析InventoryHealthAnalysis

库存结构分析主要是通过分析库存产品的占比情况，了解产品结构是否符合市场需求，从而及时调整销售策略。Inventorystructureanalysisprimarilyexaminestheproportionofinventoryproductstounderstandwhethertheproductstructuremeetsmarketdemand,enablingtimelyadjustmentofsalesstrategies.

例如，对于某跨境店铺的女装产品，统计其近半年的库存数据，并采用饼状图更直观地表现出每个月各产品占比的结构关系。Forexample,foracross-borderstore'swomen'sclothingproducts,compilinginventorydatafromthepastsixmonthsandusingpiechartscanmoreintuitivelydisplaythestructuralrelationshipsofeachproduct'sproportionbymonth.仓储数据分析WarehousingDataAnalysis月份Month衬衫ShirtT恤T-Shirt连衣裙Dress短裤Shorts短裙Skirt2月February3468425942841093月March4539036493081844月April3759315053452525月May4348944914852396月June409960559294296仓储数据分析WarehousingDataAnalysis仓储数据分析WarehousingDataAnalysis产品型号ProductModel入库时间InboundDate期初数量OpeningQuantity入库数量InboundQuantity出库数量OutboundQuantity结存数量ClosingQuantity库存标准量StandardInventoryLevelMU-9944K4N62022/6/20636093

MU-8454K7N12022/6/20454055

MU-0945K1Y12022/6/209660103

MU-9384K1N12022/6/20526075

MU-0901K2Y22022/6/20634090

在跨境电商运营过程中，产品库存数量要保持适中，既要保证产品供应充足，满足日常销售所需，又不能有太多积压，产生较多的仓储成本，因此需要对库存数据进行分析，为下次入库数量提供数据支持。Incross-bordere-commerceoperations,productinventoryquantitiesmustremainmoderate—sufficienttomeetdailysalesneedswithoutexcessivebuildupthatincurshighwarehousingcosts.Therefore,inventorydataanalysisisneededtoprovidedatasupportforthenextreplenishmentquantity.库存数量分析InventoryQuantityAnalysis仓储数据分析WarehousingDataAnalysis产品型号ProductModel入库时间InboundDate期初数量OpeningQuantity入库数量InboundQuantity出库数量OutboundQuantity结存数量ClosingQuantity库存标准量StandardInventoryLevelMU-9944K4N62022/6/206360933030MU-8454K7N12022/6/204540454020MU-0945K1Y12022/6/2096601233340MU-9384K1N12022/6/205260753730MU-0901K2Y22022/6/206340901330仓储数据分析WarehousingDataAnalysis可以直观看出，产品型号为MU-9944K4N6和MU-9384K1N1的库存数量和库存标准量差距不大，库存量始终；其余三款型号的产品则差距较大，其中型号为MU-8454K7N1的库存数量过多，而MU-0945K1Y1和MU-0901K2Y2这两个型号的产品库存与库存标准量差距很大，需要进行补货。ItcanbeclearlyseenthatmodelsMU-9944K4N6andMU-9384K1N1haveinventorylevelsclosetotheirstandardlevelswithbalancedstock.Theremainingthreemodelsshowsignificantgaps:modelMU-8454K7N1hasexcessiveinventory,whilemodelsMU-0945K1Y1andMU-0901K2Y2havelargeshortfallscomparedtotheirstandardlevelsandrequirereplenishment.仓储数据分析WarehousingDataAnalysis库存健康度也是仓储分析中的一个重要指标。库存健康度分析是针对库存的实际情况，以一定的指标进行测验，以判断库存是否处于健康水平，是否需存在经济损失的风险。Inventoryhealthisalsoanimportantmetricinwarehousinganalysis.Inventoryhealthanalysistestsactualinventoryconditionsagainstcertainindicatorstodeterminewhetherinventoryisatahealthylevelandwhetherthereisriskofeconomicloss.在进行库存健康度分析时，主要围绕库存周转、近效期库存、残次品库存以及其他不良库存进行分析。一般而言，库存周转在目标库存的0.8~1.5倍之间，效期一半以下的产品、残次品以及其他不良库存都需要进行及时的处理，库存数量控制为0.Whenconductinginventoryhealthanalysis,thefocusisoninventoryturnover,near-expiryinventory,defectiveinventory,andothernon-performinginventory.Generally,inventoryturnovershouldbebetween0.8-1.5timesthetargetinventorylevel.Productswithlessthanhalftheirshelfliferemaining,defectiveproducts,andothernon-performinginventoryneedtimelydisposal,withinventoryquantitiescontrolledtozero.库存健康度InventoryHealth03物流数据分析Logisticsdataanalysis跨境电子商务专业Cross-BorderE-CommerceMajor物流数据分析LogisticsDataAnalysis什么是物流WhatisLogistics物流是指物品从供应地向接受地的实体流动的过程，是电子商务活动中不可或缺的一个环节，物流水平直接影响着跨境店铺DSR中的物流服务分数。Logisticsreferstothephysicalflowofgoodsfromthesupplypointtothereceivingpoint.Itisanindispensablelinkine-commerceactivities,andlogisticsperformancedirectlyaffectsthelogisticsservicescoreinacross-borderstore'sDSR(DetailSellerRating).

在跨境电子商务环境下，物流活动伴随着物流数据的管理。通过物流数据分析，可以帮助跨境电商企业完成实时物流订单追踪、订单时效监控，以及异常物流诊断等，避免因为物流原因造成用户投诉和用户流失等，而企业却只能被动接受这一结果。Inthecross-bordere-commerceenvironment,logisticsactivitiesareaccompaniedbylogisticsdatamanagement.Throughlogisticsdataanalysis,cross-bordere-commerceenterprisescanachievereal-timelogisticsordertracking,ordertimelinessmonitoring,andabnormallogisticsdiagnosis,avoidingusercomplaintsandcustomerchurncausedbylogisticsissues—outcomesthebusinesswouldotherwisehavetopassivelyaccept.物流数据分析LogisticsDataAnalysis物流运费分析LogisticsFreightAnalysis订单时效分析OrderTimelinessAnalysis物流异常分析LogisticsAnomalyAnalysis

物流运费分析是重中之重，一般来说，考虑到成本的问题，商家都会选择已经确定的合作快递公司或者专线物流。在选择快递公司之前，首先要注意地区的概念，不同快递公司、不同国家之间的运费是不相同的。如果统一定价，不分地区，会给店铺带来经济上的损失，所以在设置运费模板是要格外注意。Freightcostanalysisstandsasatoppriority.Tocontrolexpenses,merchantsusuallysticktopre-contractedcourierfirmsordedicatedlinelogisticsproviders.Whenselectingdeliverypartners,regionaldifferencesmustbeprioritizedfirst,asshippingratesvaryacrosscouriersandcountries.Uniformpricingregardlessofdestinationswouldresultinfinanciallossesforstores;henceextracautionisrequiredwhenconfiguringshippingtemplates.物流运费分析LogisticsFreightAnalysis

确定好物流方式及合作公司以后，物流运费的核心问题就是产品是否包邮，也就是在包邮带来的产品竞争力与不包邮带来的产品利润之间找到一个平衡点。Afterdeterminingthelogisticsmethodandpartnercompanies,thecorequestionoflogisticsfreightiswhethertoofferfreeshipping—findingthebalancebetweentheproductcompetitivenessgainedfromfreeshippingandtheprofitmarginretainedbychargingshippingfees.物流运费分析LogisticsFreightAnalysis产品Product利润Profit运费Freight结构Structure产品Product定位Positioning地域Region

订单时效是指客户从完成订单支付开始，到完成商品签收的时间跨度，即支付——签收时长。随着跨境电子商务的发展，客户对于物流时效的感知和要求越来越高，订单时效是提升客户体验、增强客户满意度的基本要素之一。Orderleadtimereferstothetimespanfromcustomers’paymentconfirmationtoreceiptofgoods,namelythedurationbetweenpaymentandpackagesign-off.Withthedevelopmentofcross-bordere-commerce,customershavegrowingawarenessandstricterrequirementsforlogisticstimeliness.Orderleadtimeservesasafundamentalfactortooptimizecustomerexperienceandimprovecustomersatisfaction.订单时效分析OrderTimelinessAnalysis平均发货—揽收时长AverageShipment-to-PickupDuration即商品发货到物流揽收的平均时间Theaveragetimefromgoodsdispatchtologisticspickup平均揽收—签收时长AveragePickup-to-DeliveryDuration即物流揽收到客户签收的平均时间Theaveragetimefromlogisticspickuptocustomersignature揽收包裹数NumberofPackagesPickedUp即物流公司回传了揽收信息的物流包裹数Thenumberofpackagesforwhichthelogisticscompanyhasreturnedpickupconfirmation签收成功率SuccessfulDeliveryRate即签收成功的包裹数占总派送包裹数的比例Theproportionofsuccessfullydeliveredpackagesoutoftotaldispatchedpackages

跨境电子商务环境下，物流交货期长，时效